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(LECTURE 2 (B) ) Introduction To Classes, Objects MethodsPart1

Uploaded by

khanbabaalright
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 17

Introduction to Classes, Objects &

Methods

Course Code : CS-127


Course Title : Object Oriented Programming
Semester : 2nd
C# Object and Class
• Since C# is an object-oriented language, program is
designed using objects and classes in C#.

C# Object

• In C#, Object is a real world entity, for example, chair, car,


pen, mobile, laptop etc.

• In other words, object is an entity that has state and


behaviour. Here, state means data and behaviour means
functionality.
C# Object
 Object is a runtime entity, it is created at runtime.
 Object is an instance of a class. All the members of the
class can be accessed through object.
 Let's see an example to create object using new keyword.

Student s1 = new Student();


//creating an object of Student

In this example, Student is the type and s1 is the reference


variable that refers to the instance of Student class. The
new keyword allocates memory at runtime.
C# Class
• In C#, class is a group of similar objects. It is a
template from which objects are created.
C# Class
• Let's see an example of C# class that has two
fields only.

1. class Student
2. {
3. int id;//field or data member
4. String name;//field or data member
5. }
C# Object and Class Example

• Let's see an example of class that has two


fields: id and name. It creates instance of the
class, initializes the object and prints the
object value.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication36
{
class student
{
int id;
string name;

static void Main(string[] args)


{
student s = new student();
s.id = 123;
s.name = " Ali Ahmed";
Console.WriteLine(s.id);
Console.WriteLine(s.name);
Console.Read();

}
}
}
C# Class Example 2: Having Main() in another class

• Let's see another example of class where we


are having Main() method in another class. In
such case, class must be public.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication36
{
class Employee
{
int id;
string name;
int salary;
int tax_am;
public void insertvalue(int i, string n, int sal)
{
id = i;
name = n;
salary = sal;
}
public void tax()
{
tax_am = salary / 100 * 25;
}
public void display()
{
Console.WriteLine("ID : "+id+ " Name : "+name+" Salary : "+salary+" Tax : "+tax_am);

}
}
class TestEMPLOYEE
{

static void Main(string[] args)


{

Employee e1 = new Employee();


e1.insertvalue(11, "Ali Raza", 10000);
e1.tax();
e1.display();
Employee e2 = new Employee();
e2.insertvalue(22, "Zain Ahmed", 20000);
e2.tax();
e2.display();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Access Modifiers in C#
Access Modifiers specifies the scope of variable and functions in C#. The
following are the access modifiers used in C#:

• Public
The public modifier sets no restriction on the access of members.
• Protected
Access limited to the derived class or class definition.
• Internal
The Internal access modifier access within the program that has its
declaration.
• Protected internal
It has both the access specifiers provided by protected and internal
access modifiers.
• Private
Limited only inside the class in which it is declared. The members
specified as private cannot be accessed outside the class.
Access Modifiers in C#
C# Properties (Get and Set)
Properties and Encapsulation

• Before we start to explain properties, revise the basic


understanding of "Encapsulation".

– The meaning of Encapsulation, is to make sure that


"sensitive" data is hidden from users.

– To achieve this, we must:

 declare fields/variables as private.


 provide public get and set methods, through properties,
to access and update the value of a private field.
Properties
• private variables can only be accessed within the
same class (an outside class has no access to it).
However, sometimes we need to access them - and it
can be done with properties.

• A property is like a combination of a variable and a


method, and it has two methods: a get and a set
method:
Example
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication41
{
class Employee
{
private int salary = 2000;
public int salaryaccess //read & write property
{
get { return salary; }
set { salary = value; }
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int bonus;
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.salaryaccess = 1800;
bonus = emp.salaryaccess / 100 * 30;
Console.WriteLine(bonus);
Console.ReadKey();

}
}}
Types Of Properties
• Read and Write Properties: When property
contains both get and set methods.

• Read-Only Properties: When property


contains only get method.

• Write Only Properties: When property


contains only set method.

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