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    Acids and Bases

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    trigodasouza

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    Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    trigodasouza
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    Acids and bases

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    2 views3 pages

    Acids and Bases

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    You are on page 1of 3

    QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.

    7.1 Sulphuric acid is a strong acid present in acid rain. It ionises in two steps as
    follows:

    7.1.1 Define an acid in terms of the Lowry-Br0nsted theory. (2)

    7.1.2 Write down the FORMULA of the conjugate base of H3O. (aq). (1)

    7.1.3 Write down the FORMULA of the substance that acts as an


    ampholyte in the ionisation of sulphuric acid. (2)

    7.2 Acid rain does not cause damage to lakes that have rocks containing
    limestone (CaCO3 ) . Hydrolysis of CaCO3 results in the formation of ions,
    which neutralise the acid.

    7.2.1 Define hydrolysis of a salt. (2)

    7.2 .2 Explain, with the aid of the relevant HYDROLYSIS reaction, how
    limestone can neutralise the acid. (3)

    7.3 The water in a certain lake has a pH of 5.

    7.3.1 Calculate the concentration of the hydronium ions in the water. (3)

    The volume of water in the lake is 4 x 1Og dm 3. Lime, CaO, is added to the
    water to neutralise the acid according to the following reaction:

    CaO + 2H3O+ ~ Ca2+ + 3H2O

    7.3.2 If the final amount of hydronium ions is 1,26 x 10 3 moles, calculate


    the mass of lime that was added to the lake. (7)
    (20]
    QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

    7.1 Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is an ingredient of household vinegar.

    7.1. 1 Is ethanoic acid a WEAK acid or a STRONG acid? Give a reason for
    the answer. (2)

    7.1.2 An ethanoic acid solution has a pH of 3,85 at 25 °C. Calculate the


    concentration of the hydronium ions, H 3 0.(aq), in the solution. (3)

    Sodium ethanoate, CH3COONa(aq}, forms when ethanoic acid reacts with


    sodium hydroxide.

    7.1.3 Will the pH of a sodium ethanoate solution be GREATER THAN 7,


    LESS THAN 7 or EQUAL TO 7? (1}

    7.1.4 Explain the answer to QUESTION 7.1.3 with the aid of a balanced
    chem ical equation. (3)

    r.2 Household vinegar contains 4,52% ethanoic acid, CH3COOH by volume.


    3
    A 1,2 g impure sample of calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) is added to 25 cm
    household vinegar.

    On completion of the reaction , the EXCESS ethanoic acid in the household


    vinegar is neutralised by 14,5 cm 3 of a sodium hydroxide solution of
    concentration 1 mol·dm-3 _The balanced equation for the reaction is:

    CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) --+ CH3COONa(aq} + H2 0 (t)

    7.2.1 Calculate the number of moles of the unreacted ethanoic acid . (3)

    7.2.2 Calcium carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid according to the


    following balanced equation:

    Calculate the percentage calcium carbonate in the impure sample rt


    1 cm 3 of household vinegar has a mass of 1 g. (8)
    (20]
    QUESTION 7 {Start on a new page.)

    A hydrogen bromide solution, HBr(aq), reacts with water according to the following
    balanced chemical equation:

    The K.. value of HBr(aq) at 25 °C is 1 x 109 .

    7.1 Is hydrogen bromide a STRONG ACID or a WEAK ACID? Give a reason for
    the answer. (2)

    7.2 Write down the FORMULAE of the TWO bases in the above reaction . (2)

    7.3 HBr(aq) reacts wrth Zn(OH)i(s) according to the following balanced equation:

    Zn(OH)i(s) + 2H8r(aq) - ZnBr2(aq) + 2H2O(t)

    An unknown quantity of Zn(OH)i(s) is reacted with 90 cm 3 of HBr(aq) in a


    flask. (Assume that the volume of the solution does not change during the
    reaction.)

    The EXCESS HBr(aq) is then neutralised by 16,5 cm 3 of NaOH(aq) of


    rs:
    concentration 0,5 mol ·dm·3 • The balanced equation for the reaction

    HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) - NaBr(aq) + H2O(l )

    7.3.1 Calculate the pH of the HBr solution remaining in the flask AFTER
    the reaction with Zn(OH)i(s). (7 )
    7.3.2 Calculate the mass of Zn(OH)2(s) INIT IALLY present in the flask if
    the initial concentration of HBr(aq) was 0,45 mol·dm-3. (6)
    (17)

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