PHYSICS

Review
PHYSICS 8. Two objects A and B do circular motion with constant tangential
speeds. Object A has mass 2m and radius R and object B has
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following mass 3m and radius 2R. If the centripetal forces of these objects
questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box are the same find the ratio of the tangential speed of these
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. objects.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only. a. √3⁄6 c. √3⁄2
b. √3⁄4 d. √3⁄3
UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
This equation describes the force between any two objects in the universe: 9. A car makes a turn on a curve of having radius 10m. If the car
does not slide find the tangential velocity of it. (Coefficient of
𝐌𝐦 friction between the road and the tires of the car is 0.21)
𝐅=𝐆 Where:
𝐝𝟐 a. 3.71 m/s c. 3.22 m/s
F = Force of gravity/attraction b. 4.90 m/s d. 4.54 m/s
G = Gravitational constant of the universe
G ≈ 6.67×10-11 N.m2/kg2 or m3/kg.s2 10. Galileo is often credited with the early discovery of four of
M = Mass of one object Jupiter's many moons. The moons orbiting Jupiter follow the
m = Mass of the other object same laws of motion as the planets orbiting the sun. One of the
r = Distance between the two objects moons is called Io - its distance from Jupiter's center is 4.2 units
and it orbits Jupiter in 1.8 Earth-days. Another moon is called
1. The Earth has a mass of 5.972 x 1024 kg and the Moon has a Ganymede; it is 10.7 units from Jupiter's center. Make a
mass of 7.348 x 1024 kg. The distance between them is 3.844 x prediction of the period of Ganymede using Kepler's law of
108 m. What is the force of gravity between the Earth and the harmonies.
Moon? a. 8.12 days c. 7.79 days
a. 1.981 x 1022 N c. 1.055 x 1022 N b. 7.32 days d. 8.56 days
b. 1.790 x 1022 N d. 1.612 x 1022 N
11. Suppose a small planet is discovered that is 14 times as far from
Situation 1: A man decided to do experiments on how the sun as the Earth's distance is from the sun. Predict the
gravitational acceleration changes with respect to his orbital period of such a planet.
location. Suppose the radius if the earth is 6,371 km. a. 55.40 years c. 52.38 years
b. 49.71 years d. 46.90 years
2. Calculate the gravitational acceleration when he is 13,500 m
above the surface of the earth. 12. The average orbital distance of Mars is 1.6 times the average
a. 9.769 m/s2 c. 9.544 m/s2 orbital distance of the Earth. Knowing that the Earth orbits the
b. 9.651 m/s2 d. 9.733 m/s2 sun in approximately 365 days, use Kepler's law of harmonies to
predict the time for Mars to orbit the sun.
3. Calculate the gravitational acceleration when he is 50,000 m a. 755.90 days c. 746.68 days
below the surface of the earth. b. 738.71 days d. 725.07 days
a. 9.769 m/s2 c. 9.544 m/s2
b. 9.651 m/s2 d. 9.733 m/s2 HEAT CAPACITY
Heat capacity is an intrinsic physical property of a substance that measures
COULOMB’S LAW the amount of heat required to change that substance’s temperature by a
Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics for given amount. In the International System of Units (SI), heat capacity is
quantifying the amount of force with which stationary electrically expressed in units of joules per kelvin (J/kg °K). Heat capacity is an
charged particles repel or attract each other. In its scalar form, the law is: extensive property, meaning that it is dependent upon the size/mass of the
sample. For instance, a sample containing twice the amount of substance as
𝐪𝟏 𝐪 𝟐 another sample would require twice the amount of heat energy (Q) to
𝐅=𝐤 Where: achieve the same change in temperature (𝛥T) as that required to change the
𝐝𝟐 temperature of the first sample.
F = Attractive/Repulsive force
k = Coulomb’s constant
k ≈ 8.99×109 N m2 C−2 𝐐 = 𝐦𝐜(𝐓𝟐 − 𝐓𝟏 ) Where:
r = Distance between the charges Q = Heat energy
q1, q2 = signed magnitudes of the m = Mass of the object
charges c = Specific heat capacity
T1 = Initial temperature of the object
4. The force between two identical charges separated b 1.2 cm is T2 = Final temperature of the object
equal to 100 N. What is the magnitude of the two charges?
a. 1.7 x 10-6 C c. 2.6 x 10-6 C Specific Heat Capacity
b. 2.0 x 10-6 C d. 1.3 x 10-6 C Water 4190 J/(kg °C) Note:
Ice 2100 J/(kg °C) 1 Calorie = 4.184 Joules
5. Two neutrally charged bodies are separated by 2 cm. Electrons Aluminum 950 J/(kg °C) 1 BTU = 1,055.06 Joules
are removed from one body and placed on the second body until Copper 390 J/(kg °C)
a force of 1.13 x 10-6 N is generated between them. How many Iron 500 J/(kg °C)
electrons were transferred between the bodies? (Charge of a Lead 130 J/(kg °C)
single electron, e = 1.62 x 10-19 C)
a. 1,430,144 c. 1,384,122 13. Calculate the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature
b. 1,377,891 d. 1,407,233 of 11 kg of water from 10°C to 100°C. Assume the specific heat
capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg °C).
KEPLER’S THREE LAWS a. 5.7 MJ c. 5.1 MJ
b. 4.6 MJ d. 4.2 MJ
• Kepler’s First Law (The Law of Ellipses)
The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with 14. A block of cast iron having a mass of 8 kg cools from a
the center of the sun being located at one focus. temperature of 130°C to 40°C. How much of energy is lost by the
cast iron? Assume the heat capacity of iron is 500 J/(kg °C).
• Kepler’s Second Law (The Law of Equal Areas) a. 289 BTU c. 410 BTU
An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center b. 341 BTU d. 360 BTU
of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of 15. A copper container of mass 500 g contains 1 liter of water at
time. 280°K. Calculate the quantity of heat required to raise the
temperature of the water and container to boiling point. Assume
• Kepler’s Third Law (The Law of Harmonies)
that there are no heat losses.
a. 511 kJ c. 620 kJ
The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is b. 398 kJ d. 408 kJ
equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from
the sun. MOMENTUM AND ENERGY
Mass Moment of Inertia
6. A geostationary orbit is a circular orbit directly above the Earth's The Mass Moment of Inertia of a solid measures the solid's ability to resist
equator approximately 36,000 km above ground. Any point on changes in rotational speed about a specific axis. The larger the Mass
the equator plane revolves about the Earth in the same direction Moment of Inertia the smaller the angular acceleration about that axis for a
and with the same period as the Earth's rotation. The period of given torque.
the satellite is one day or approximately 24 hours. Use Me =
5.9742 x 1024 kg and Re = 6,371 km. Find the speed of the
satellite in orbit.
a. 3,255 m/s c. 3,067 m/s
b. 3,099 m/s d. 3,201 m/s

7. Human-made satellites typically orbit at heights of 400 miles

from the surface of the Earth (about 640 kilometers, or 6.4 ×
105 meters). What is the speed of such a satellite?
a. 7,399 m/s c. 7,539 m/s
b. 7,609 m/s d. 7,412 m/s

1 Engr. Erickneil D. Realuyo, MSCE, ME-1, MP, SO

 PHYSICS
Review
21. What is the angular momentum of a 0.210-kg ball rotating on the
end of a thin string in a circle of radius 1.10 m at an tangential
speed of 5.25 m/s?
a. 1.21 kg.m2 c. 1.17 kg.m2
b. 1.33 kg.m2 d. 1.79 kg.m2

OPTICS
Snell's law
also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction is a formula
used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and
refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary
between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.

n1 sin(θ1 ) = n2 sin(θ2 )

MATERIAL INDEX OF REFRACTION

Air 1.000
Water 1.333
Benzene 1.500
Salt 1.500
Diamond 2.419

22. Calculate the speed of light in water.

a. 2.998 m/s c. 2.189 m/s
b. 2.653 m/s d. 2.256 m/s

23. The wavelength of light in glass (n = 1.5) is 𝛌 = 450 nm. What is

the wavelength of this light in diamond (n = 2.42)?
a. 233 nm c. 256 nm
b. 279 nm d. 289 nm

24. Light strikes an air water boundary with an angle of incidence of

30°. Calculate the refracted light ray in water.
a. 22° c. 15°
b. 17° d. 26°

25. A light ray travels from air (n = 1) into a glass (n = 1.5) with an
angle of incidence of 60°. The light ray continues to travel though
the glass material into the diamond (n = 2.42). At what angle
does the light ray make with the normal line as it enters the
diamond material?
a. 34° c. 52°
16. An artificial satellite is placed into an elliptical orbit about the b. 19° d. 21°
earth. Telemetry data indicate that its point of closest approach
(called the perigee) is rp = 8.37 (106) m from the center of the 26. A light ray strikes a material (n = 1.2) from an air to an incident
earth, and its point of greatest distance (called the apogee) is rA angle of α = 70° as shown. What is the angle β in which the light
= 25.1 (106) m from the center of the earth. The speed of the ray leaves the material?
satellite at the perigee is vP = 8450 m/s. Find its speed vA at the
apogee.
a. 2670 m/s c. 2750 m/s
b. 2503 m/s d. 2820 m/s

Situation 2: A skater has a moment of inertia of 3.0 kg m2 when

her arms are outstretched and 1.0 kg m2 when her
arms are brought in close to her sides. She starts to
spin at the rate if 1 rev/s when her arms are
outstretched, and then pulls her arms to her sides.
(A) (B)

17. What is her final angular speed?

a. 1 rev/s c. 3 rev/s
b. 2 rev/s d. 4 rev/s a. 52° c. 23°
b. 20° d. 48°
18. How much work did she do?
a. 111 J c. 125 J 27. A ray of light is traveling from diamond to air. What should be the
b. 118 J d. 133 J minimum angle of incidence so that there will be no light ray in
air?
19. A skater is spinning at 32.0 rad/s with her arms and legs a. 24.4° c. 23.7°
extended outward. In that position, her moment of inertia with b. 33.3° d. 45.0°
respect to the vertical axis about which she is spinning is 45.6
kg⋅m2. She pulls her arms and legs in close to her body
changing her moment of inertia to 17.5 kg⋅m2. What is her new
angular velocity?
a. 67.03 rad/s c. 83.38 rad/s “You may ask me for anything in my name, and I will
b. 12.28 rad/s d. 33.95 rad/s
do it.”
20. A horizontal disk of rotational inertia 4.25kg⋅m2 with respect to its – John 14:14
axis of symmetry is spinning counter clockwise about its axis of
symmetry at 15.5 revolutions per second on a frictionless
massless bearing. A second disk, of rotational inertia1.80 kg⋅m2
with respect to its axis of symmetry, spinning clockwise about the
same axis (which is also its axis of symmetry) at 14.2 revolutions “Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask for in prayer,
per second, is dropped on top of the first disk. The two disks believe that you have received it, and it will be yours.”
stick together and rotate as one about their common axis of
symmetry at what new angular velocity? See figure EMMGH – Mark 11:24
89.09.

a. 94.96 rad/s c. 29.70 rad/s

b. 41.87 rad/s d. 101.45 rad/s

2 Engr. Erickneil D. Realuyo, MSCE, ME-1, MP, SO