Tutorial 2

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ECN-232( Engineering Electromagnetics) Tutorial-2
1. The magnetic field of a uniform plane wave in free space is given by H = H0 cos (6π × 108t + 2πy)
ax A/m. Find unit vectors along the following:
i. the direction of the propagation of the wave;
ii. the direction of the magnetic field at t = 0, y = 0; and
iii. the direction of the electric field at t = 0, y = 0.
2. In free space, H = 0.1 cos (2 × 108t − kx) ay A/m. Calculate:
i. k, λ, and T
ii. the time t1 it takes the wave to travel λ/8
iii. Sketch the wave at time t1.
3. A plane wave propagating through a medium with εr = 8, µr = 2 has E = 0.5e−z/3 sin (108t −
βz) ax V/m. Determine:
i. β, the loss tangent, wave impedance, and wave velocity
ii. H field
4. In free space, H = 0.2 cos (ωt − βx) az A/m. Find the total power passing through
i. a square plate of side 10 cm on plane x + z = 1
ii. a circular disc of radius 5 cm on plane x = 1
5. A 5-GHz uniform plane wave Ei = 10e−jβzax V/m in free space is incident normally on alarge
plane, lossless dielectric slab (z > 0) having ε = 4ε0, 𝜇 = 𝜇0 . Find the reflected and transmitted
wave.
6. Consider a plane wave incident normally on (a half-space of) copper. If f = 1 GHz, compute the
propagation constant, intrinsic impedance, and skin depth for the conductor. Also compute the
reflection and transmission coeﬃcients. Conductivity of copper σc = 5.813 × 107 S/m at 20◦C.
7. Three sinusoidal time-varying linearly polarized vector fields are given at a point by
𝐅𝟏 = 1.732 cos(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡 + 300 ) a𝑥

𝐅2 = cos(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡 + 300 ) a𝑧
𝐅𝟑 = cos(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡 − 600 ) (0.5a𝑥 + 1.732a𝑦 + 0.866a𝑧 )
Determine the polarization of the following:
I. F 1 + F 2;
II. F 1 + F 2 + F 3;
III. F1− F2+F3
1
8. Two uniform plane waves 𝐄𝟏 = 120 𝑒 −𝑗4𝜋𝑧 𝐚𝒙 𝑉/𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐄𝟐 = 30⎿500 𝑒 −𝑗4𝜋𝑧 𝐚𝒙 𝑉/𝑚 are both
travelling in the same region of space. If this region is free space:
I. Find the operating frequency
II. What intrinsic impedance in the region z > 0 would cause the given reflected wave?
III. At what values of z, − 40 ≤ z ≤ 0 cm, is the amplitude of the total E field a maximum?
9. In a transmission Line filled with a lossless dielectric 𝜀 = 4.5 𝜀0 , 𝜇 = 𝜇0

40
𝐄= sin(𝜔𝑡 − 2𝑧)𝐚𝝆 𝑉/𝑚
𝜌
Find (a) 𝜔 and H (b) the pointing vector (c) the total time average power crossing the surface
𝑧 = 1 𝑚𝑚, 2𝑚𝑚 < 𝜌 < 3𝑚𝑚, 0 < ∅ < 2𝜋
10. For a normal incidence at a lossless dielectric slab of thickness d in air as shown in Fig. 1
𝜖1 = 𝜖3 = 𝜖0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇1 = 𝜇3 = µ0
Fig. 1
(a) Find Er0 , E2+ , E2−
and Et0 in terms of Ei0 , d, 𝜖2 and 𝜇2
(b) Will there be reflection at interface z = 0 if d = λ2⁄4 ? If d = λ2⁄2 ? Explain.
11. As shown in Fig. 1, a uniform plan wave in medium 1 propagates in +z direction. Let
Г12 and Г23 denote the reflection coefficients between media 1 and 2 and between media 2 and 3
respectively. Express the effective reflection coefficient Г0 at z = 0 for the incident wave in terms
of Г12 , Г23 and β2 d.
12. Assume you are tasked with designing a material that is totally transparent to electromagnetic
radiation at 1 GHz. Assume the material is exceedingly thick for this example so that you can only
study the interface between it and open space. You may pick any relative permittivity between 2 and
9 as well as any permeability (the permeability of a dielectric can be changed by adding
ferromagnetic particles to it). Assume that the material remains lossless:
(a) Find the combinations of materials properties that will accomplish this design requirement.
2
(b) What happens at a different frequency, say 2 GHz?
13. A unique aeroplane outfitted with a downward-looking radar operating at 10 GHz is being used to
map the thickness of the polar ice caps. The plan is to fly over at a certain altitude and measure how
long it takes for narrow pulses to reach the bottom of the ice and return to the receiver. The thickness
of the ice can be calculated using information of the speed of propagation in air and ice.
The properties of ice at 10 GHz are 𝜇 = 𝜇0 [H/m], 𝜀0 = 3.5 [F/m], σ = 10-6 S/m and those of free
space are 𝜇 = 𝜇0 [H/m] and 𝜀 = 𝜀0 [F/m]. The antenna transmits a uniform beam 1 m in diameter and
the time-averaged power is 1 kW. Assume plane waves and that the beam remains of constant
diameter:
(a) What is the electric field intensity immediately below the surface of the ice?
(b) If the ice is 10 km deep at a measurement point and the surface below the ice is perfectly
reflecting, calculate the amplitude of the electric field intensity that reaches back to the aircraft
antenna.
(c) Is this measurement feasible?
14. Figure 2a. depicts a perpendicularly polarised plane wave propagating through air and impinging on
the ionosphere. The electric field has an amplitude of 100 V/m, a frequency of 3 GHz, and an angle
of incidence of 30 degrees. Assume that air has free-space properties and that the ionosphere is a
perfect conductor at the frequency of the wave.
(a) Calculate the total electric and magnetic field
intensity in air.
(b) Calculate the time-averaged power density in
air.
Figure 2a. A wave impinging on the ionosphere which

is assumed to be a perfect conductor.
15. A plane wave emerges underwater and propagates at an angle toward the surface, as illustrated in
Figure 3a. Assume lossless conditions (distilled water) with relative permittivity 𝜀𝑟 = 25, relative
permeability 𝜇𝑟 = 1 and an amplitude of 1 V/m. The electric field intensity is in the plane as shown.
Calculate:
(a) The electric and magnetic field intensities in air for an incidence angle α = 5o.
(b) The incident instantaneous and time-averaged power densities just below the water surface.
(c) The transmitted instantaneous and time-averaged power densities in air immediately above the
water’s surface.
Figure 3a. A wave propagating from water into air - Parallel

polarization.

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Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

𝐅𝟏 = 1.732 cos(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡 + 300 ) a𝑥

9. In a transmission Line filled with a lossless dielectric 𝜀 = 4.5 𝜀0 , 𝜇 = 𝜇0

Figure 2a. A wave impinging on the ionosphere which

Figure 3a. A wave propagating from water into air - Parallel

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