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www.metakave.com/publications

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eBwUi †Kv‡bv KwcivBU ev MÖš’¯^Z¡ †bB| cweÎÁv‡bi †Kv‡bv e¨w³MZ ev

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B‡gBj: publications@metakave.com.bd

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3
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4
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5. Avgv‡`i KiYxq...................................................................53

7
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fqven NUbv hLb NU‡e, ZLb Zviv wKsKZ©e¨weg~p n‡q hv‡e|

1
fiat money
2
eZ©gv‡bi A_©‣bwZK g›`vB Gi AvjvgZ Ges Wjv‡ii AvbyôvwbK cZb n‡”Q Gi P~ovšÍ avc -
Abyev`K

9
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ighvb, 1428 wnRix

3
Royal Malaysian Mint
4
International Conference on the Gold Dinar Economy

10
 Aa¨vq: 01
f~wgKv

11
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َ ‫ال َح َّد َث َىا َأ ُبو َب ْكر ْب ُن َأبي َم ْرَي َم َق‬

....... ‫ال‬ َ ‫ َح َّد َث َىا َأ ُبو ْال َي َمان َق‬5
ِ ِ ِ
ّ َّ ‫ان َ َ ْى َ ُ يي‬
ّ َ ُ ‫الد َىا‬
ُ‫الد ْ َ م‬ َّ َ َ َّ َ ْ َ َ ‫َ ْ ُ َ ُ َل َّ َ َّ َّ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ ُل‬
‫الىاا َ َم ٌن‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫اللي لي ِي لم و لي ِ ن‬ ‫و الل ِي‬ ‫ِم‬

12
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a‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K| GB eBwU †mLv‡b Dc¯’vwcZ ÔwbR¯^ g~j¨gvb wewkó gy`ªvi wejywßi

6
International Conference on the Gold Dinār Economy
7
Putra World Trade Center

13
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cwie‡Z© wZwb gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Ô¯^Y© w`bv‡iÕi w`‡K wd‡i hvevi AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z
8
Explaining the Disappearance of Money with Intrinsic Value
9
(non-redeemable) †h Kv¸‡R †bv‡Ui cwie‡Z© e¨vsK Avcbv‡K mgg~‡j¨i ¯^Y© w`‡e bv, A_©vr
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Bnvi evnK‡K GKkZ/cuvPkZ... UvKv w`‡Z eva¨ _vwK‡eÕ| Gigv‡b n‡”Q, Avcwb hw` e¨vs‡K wM‡q
e‡jb Avgv‡K GKkZ/cuvPkZ... UvKv w`b, Z‡e e¨vsK Avcbv‡K GKkZ/cuvPkZ... UvKv w`‡Z eva¨
_vwK‡e| ÔUvKvÕ kãwU U¼ kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q, hvi gv‡b n‡”Q ¯^Y©gy`ªv| GB eva¨evaKZv‡K ejv nq,
redeemable| wKš‘ e¨vsK wK Avcbv‡K GKkZ/cuvPkZ...UvKv ev ¯^Y©gy`ªv w`‡e? bv! KL‡bv bq|
eis Avcbv‡K gvbwmK wPwKrmv‡K‡›`ª †h‡Z ej‡e| GB †auvKvevwRwU n‡”Q, non-redeemable|-
Abyev`K

14
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

gymwjgiv wb‡R‡`i‡K A_©‣bwZK, evwYwR¨K wbcxob I ‡kvlY †_‡K iÿv Ki‡Z

cv‡i|
Avgiv GB eBwU‡Z Ôgy`ªvi fwel¨rÕ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ hv‡Z K‡i, hviv
KziÕAvb‡K Avjøvn&i bvwhj Kiv evYx Ges bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.) ‡K Zuvi †kl bex
wn‡m‡e gv‡b, Zv‡`i DcKv‡i Av‡m| Avgiv G m¤ú‡K© AeMZ †h, Avgiv
welqwU‡K h‡_ófv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡iB †Kej ÿvšÍ _vK‡ev bv eis †mB mv‡_ Avjøvn&i
Kv‡Q `yÔAv Ki‡ev †h‡bv wZwb G‡Z n¯Í‡ÿc K‡ib Ges A‡b‡Ki †Pv‡Li Dc‡i civ
c`v©‡K mwi‡q †`b| GB e¨e¯’vwU ‣ZwiB n‡q‡Q gvbeRvwZi Dci P~ovšÍ A_©‣bwZK
†Mvjvgx‡K Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi G‡RÛv wb‡q, (hLbB G‡RÛvwU ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e)
†KejgvÎ ZLbB cÖZviYvc~Y© gy`ªve¨e¯’vi GB me©‡kl avcwU Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ
n‡e| GB e¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q we‡klfv‡e Hme †jvK‡`i‡K Uv‡M©U ev
j‡ÿ¨ cwiYZ Kivi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q, hviv AvR‡Ki wek¦ kvmbKvix inm¨gq ÔBûw` I
wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õi we‡ivwaZv K‡i|
gy`ªve¨e¯’v wb‡Ri me©‡kl weeZ©‡bi ‡kl avc‡K cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡e Ges †mUv
n‡”Q, ‣ewk¦Kfv‡e B‡jKUªwbK gy`ªvi Avwj½b| GB †kl avcwU A_©vr B‡jKUªwbK
gy`ªv n‡”Q Zv‡`i kqZvbx gy`ªve¨e¯’vi me‡P‡q PKP‡K ÔnxivÕ, †hUv AvR‡Ki
RvwjqvwZc~Y© KvM‡Ri gy`ªv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Ki‡e| cÖK„Zc‡ÿ me©‡kl GB
avcwU BwZg‡a¨B Avi¤¢ n‡q †M‡Q Ges mKj AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªv-`my¨ GLb GKUv
•ewk¦K msK‡Ui g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, (‡hgb, Biv‡bi Dci cigvYy AvµgY GL‡bv nqwb
†hUv †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q NU‡Z cv‡i) †hUvi P~ovšÍ cwiYwZ n‡e BDGm Wjv‡ii cZb|
dj¯^iƒc ‡hUv Kv¸‡R gy`ªv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e QÎf½ n‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e|
BwZg‡a¨B ¯^‡Y©i g~j¨e„w×i gv‡S Avmbœ BDGm Wjv‡ii cZb †`Lv hv‡”Q,
†hUv eZ©gv‡b 1980 mv‡ji †iKW© AvDÝ cÖwZ 850 Wjv‡ii wbK‡U i‡q‡Q| wek¦
GUv †`L‡Z cv‡i †h, ¯^‡Y©i `vg AvDÝ cÖwZ 3000 Wjvi ev Zvi ‡P‡q †ewk‡Z
wM‡q †VK‡Q| BDGm Wjvi cZ‡bi gb¯ÍvwZ¡K av°v †h aŸsmhÁ •Zwi Ki‡e, †mB
aŸsh‡Ái Dci fi K‡i K¨vkwenxb bZzb B‡jKUªwbK gy`ªve¨e¯’v Abvqv‡m Kv¸‡R
gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡e|
Avgiv †Póv K‡iwQ, GB eBwU‡Z cvVK‡`i‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Z †h, gy`ªv
welqwU cweÎ KziÕAvb Ges bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi mybœvn& DfqwU‡Z Aew¯’Z|

15
 f~wgKv

Avgiv †`wL‡q w`‡qwQ, Giƒc gy`ªv (hv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi mybœvn& gy`ªv) me mgqB
wbR¯^ g~j¨gvb wewkó nq| Gi gva¨‡g Avgiv eySv‡Z Pvw”Q, Ôgy`ªvi g~j¨gvb gy`ªvi
wfZ‡iB msiwÿZ _vK‡eÕ †mUv †h‡Kv‡bv g~j¨gv‡biB †nvK bv †Kb Ges
cÖvK…wZKfv‡e GB g~j¨gvb †hfv‡eB cwiewZ©Z †nvK bv †Kb| Avi ZvB GB gy`ªv
RvwjqvwZ Ges g~j¨n«vm †_‡K m¤ú~Y© cweÎ|
Avgiv Av‡ivI †`wL‡qwQ †h kvmK BD‡ivcxqvb ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ
Øviv ‣ZwiK…Z gy`ªve¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z K‡i we‡k¦i gy`ªve¨e¯’v
†_‡K ÔwbR¯^ g~j¨gvb wewkó gy`ªvÕ‡K mwi‡q †`qv hvq Ges Zvi RvqMvq Ggb gy`ªv
emv‡bv hvq hvi †Kv‡bv ÔwbR¯^ g~j¨gvbÕ †bB| hLb Ôwewbg‡qi A‡hvM¨Õ Kv¸‡R
gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb n«vm K‡i †`qv nq, ZLb hviv GB g~j¨n«vmK…Z gy`ªv e¨envi K‡i
†KejgvÎ Zv‡`i abm¤ú` ÔAvBbwm× PzwiÕi ¯^xKvi nq bv eis †mB mv‡_ my‡` Avbv
FY cwi‡kva Kiv ‡m †`ki c‡ÿ KwVb †_‡K KwVbZi n‡q hvq| dj¯^iƒc, †mme
†`k F‡Yi duv‡` AvU‡K c‡o ‡hUv cwi‡kva Kiv KL‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| Gi dj
wn‡m‡e, Zviv Hme †jvK‡`i `qvq †eu‡P _v‡K hviv m‡›`nRbKfv‡e Zv‡`i FY
e„w× K‡i, Zviv Avm‡j FY e„w×i gva¨‡g †m †`kwU‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
Pvq (‡`Lyb Rb cvwK©‡Ýi ÔKb‡dkb Ae Gb B‡Kv‡bvwgK wnUg¨vbÕ10 bvgK eBwU)|
gy`ªvi g~j¨ hLb Kgv‡bv nq ZLb n«vmK…Z g~‡j¨i gy`ªv e¨enviKvix †`‡ki
m¤ú`, kÖg, cY¨ Ges †mevi g~j¨ ¯^í †_‡K Av‡ivI ¯^íZi n‡q hvq Zv‡`i Rb¨,
hviv GB gy`ªve¨e¯’v ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q| dj¯^iƒc we‡k¦i GKUv Ask LyeB Avivg
Av‡q‡ki mv‡_ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q Avi evwK wek¦‡K µgea©gvb g~j¨n«vmK…Z gy`ªv,
nvofv½v LvUywb I kÖg w`‡q GKUv bZzb `vm‡Z¡ AvU‡K ivLv n‡”Q| Gid‡j, `ye©„Ëiv
memgq abx n‡Z _v‡K Ges RxebZix‡Z memgq cÖ_g †kÖYxi wUwK‡Ui AwaKvix
nq| Uv‡M©U Kiv †`k¸‡jv‡Z `vwi`ª¨ †h‡nZz e„w× cv‡”Q, ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †mLv‡b
`yb©xwZ e„w× cv‡e| hv‡`i ÁvbMwigv n‡jv cïi g‡Zv Zviv we¯§‡qi mv‡_ †PwP‡q
D‡V ej‡e, Ôgymwjg †`k¸‡jv GZ †ewk `ybx©wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ †Kb? †hLv‡b cwðgv
wek¦ (hviv Zv‡`i abm¤ú` jy‡U wb‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i nvofv½v cwikÖ‡gi Nv‡g wU‡K
Av‡Q) `yb©xwZ †_‡K gy³|Õ

10
Confessions of an Economic Hit-Man

16
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

‡hme †`‡ki gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb nvwi‡q †M‡Q AvBGgGd11 ZLb ‡Rvi K‡i
‡mme †`‡k e¨w³-gvwjKvbv Av‡ivc K‡i| Gi gva¨‡g `ye©„Ëiv cÖK…Z g~‡j¨i †P‡q
A‡bK Kgg~‡j¨ ‡mLv‡bi †Zj-M¨vm †ÿÎ, kw³ Drcv`b †K›`ª, †Uwj‡dvb
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv BZ¨vw` wK‡b †bq| GUv GKUv †MvjKauvauvi g‡Zv †h, †fwbRy‡qjvi
†cÖwm‡W›U û‡Mv †k‡fR †hLv‡b AvBGgG‡di †kvlYg~jK bxwZ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb Ges †m cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨c` †_‡K wb‡Ri †`k‡K weiZ †i‡L‡Qb, ‡mLv‡b
Bmjv‡gi Av‡jgiv GB wel‡q AvRefv‡e wbieZv cvjb K‡i‡Q!
GB eBwU mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡q‡Q GB wRwbmUv e¨vL¨v K‡i †h, Ab¨vq Ges
AZ¨vPvix gy`ªve¨e¯’vi myweav‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q A‡b¨i cwikÖg‡K †kvlY K‡iB kÎæiv
ÿ¨všÍ n‡e bv eis Zv‡`i GKUv Ôgnv-cwiKíbvÕ i‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g RbMb‡K
Zv‡`i †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ Ki‡e Ges GB Ôgnv-cwiKíbvÕi gva¨‡g †MvUv we‡k¦i Dci
Zv‡`i GKbvqKZš¿‡K Pvwc‡q w`‡e| Zv‡`i GB GKbvqKZ‡š¿i dj¯^iƒc BD‡iv
Bûw` BmivCjx ivóª we‡k¦i ÔwbqšÍv iv‡óªÕ cwiYZ n‡e| Pig cÖZviYvgq `vexi
gva¨‡g me‡k‡l BmivC‡ji GKRb kvmK †MvUv wek¦‡K Pg‡K w`‡e| †m ej‡e †h:
‡mB Avmj gmxn| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †m fÛ gmxn Ô`v¾vjÕ| Avgiv GLb GB NUbvi
GZUvB wbKUeZx©, GB †jLK `„pZvi mv‡_ fwel¨revYx Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, ¯‥zj-coqv
†Q‡j‡g‡qiv ‡mUv †`Lvi Rb¨ †eu‡P _vK‡e (‡`Lyb, ÔcweÎ KziÕAv‡b †RiæRv‡jgÕ,
Ôm~iv Avj Kvnvd Ges AvaywbK hyMÕ-Gi wØZxq Aa¨vq| Av‡ivI †`Lyb, Bmjv‡gi
`„wó‡Z AvaywbK hy‡M BqvRyR I gvRyR)12|
hZÿY bv GKRb e¨vw³ mgmvgwqK Kv¸‡R gy`ªve¨e¯’vi Ôgnv-
cwiKíbvÕ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e, ZZÿY ‡m e¨w³ H gy`ªve¨e¯’v KZ…K
© Av‡ivwcZ
P¨v‡jćK mwVKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
¯^Yg© y`ªv w`bvi‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e cybtcÖwZôv‡Z GKUv Ae`vb †hvM Kivi AvM
ch©šÍ, GB †jLK wewkó I Ávbx e¨w³‡`i‡K †mB Ôgnv-cwiKíbvÕ‡K Dcjwäi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eySv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|

11
IMF
12
Avjøvn&i ing‡Z wZbwU eB‡qi `y‡Uvi evsjv Abyev` Avwg m¤úbœ K‡iwQ| ÔcweÎ KziÕAv‡b
†RiæRv‡jgÕ Ges ÔBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z AvaywbK hy‡M BqvRyR I gvRyRÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi eB `y‡Uv|

17
 Aa¨vq: 02
KziÕAvb I mybœvn&‡Z gy`ªv

19
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

G B AvaywbK hy‡M Ggb A‡bK gymwjg i‡q‡Q hviv `„pfv‡e wek¦vm K‡i,
A_©‣bwZK I ivóªxq Rxe‡bi mv‡_ a‡g©i †Kv‡bv iKg m¤úK© †bB| G mKj
gymwj‡giv bex (mv.)-Gi wb‡Pi NUbv¸‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v ev †Kej DcjwäB Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv:
ÒAvey mvBÔ` Avj Ly`ix n‡Z ewY©Z, wejvj (iv.) bex (mv.)-Gi Kv‡Q
evixbx RvZxq wKQz †LRyi wb‡q Avmj| bex (mv.) Zuv‡K wRÁvmv
Ki‡jb, Ô‡Kv_v †_‡K Zzwg GUv G‡bQÕ| wejvj (iv.) ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi
wbK‡U wb¤œgv‡bi †LRyi wQ‡jv Avwg Zvi `yB mvÔ w`‡q GUvi GK mvÔ13
µq K‡iwQ, bex (mv.)-‡K LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨Õ| bex (mv.) ej‡jb, Ônvq!
Avd‡mvm, GUv †Zv cÖZ¨ÿ wiev ev my`| GUv K‡iv bv| eis hLb Zzwg
†LRyi µq Ki‡Z PvI ZLb GUv‡K wewµ K‡iv Ges Zvi g~j¨ w`‡q
Lwi` K‡iv|Ó14
[mnxn, eyLvix I gymwjg]
GLvb †_‡K Avgiv GUv wkLjvg, bex (mv.) Ô†LRy‡iÕi wewbg‡q Ô‡LRy‡iÕi
Amgvb †jb‡`b‡K wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, Giƒc †jb‡`b g~jZ
cÖKvk¨ wiev ev my`| wKš‘ Zvic‡iI cÖgvY i‡q‡Q, ÔD‡UÕi wewbg‡q ÔD‡UÕi Amgvb
†jb‡`b nvjvj:
ÒgvwjK bvwdÔB n‡Z wZwb e‡jb, Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Dgi (iv.) GKwU
fvievnx DU wK‡b‡Qb PviwU D‡Ui wewbg‡q| †m fvievnx D‡Ui wewµi

13
ZrKvjxb mg‡q cÖPwjZ cwigv‡ci GKwU GKK -Abyev`K
َ َ َ َْ ْ َّ َ َ َ َ ّ ْ َ ْ َ ‫ْ ُ ْ ّ َ َ َ َ َ ٌن‬ َ َ ْ َ 14
‫ ِمن أ ن ذا‬-‫هللا ليي لم‬ - ‫ال ل ُي َ ُ و ُل الل ِي‬ ‫يد اا د ِ ِ قال اا ِب ل ِب م ٍدر برِو ٍدى‬
‫ن أ ِبى ِ ٍد‬
َ َ َ .- ‫هللا ليي لم‬
‫ال‬
َّ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ََ
- ّ ِ ِ ‫ال ِب ٌنل ْم ٌنر ان ِ ى َدها َ ِ ٌنا ِ ْ ِمى ُي َ ا َ ْ ِن ِب َ اا ِ َ ِم الى‬
َ ْ َّ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َّ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ‫َ ُ ُ َّ ْ َ َ َ َ َّ ْ َ ْ ُ ّ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ٍد‬
‫ِ ال مر ِ ي ِب ي ٍد آر ثم اا ِ ِب ِي‬ ‫ل ِكن ِ ا أ أن‬ ‫الربا‬
ِ ‫ن‬ ‫ول الل ِي ِ ىد ِل أ‬

20
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

Rvgvb‡Z I `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jv| K_v GB wQj, we‡µZv ‡mUv‡K ivevhv bvgK

¯’v‡b †mvc`© Ki‡e|Ó15
[gyqvËv, gvwjK]
¯^vfvweKfv‡e GLvb †_‡K cÖkœ Rv‡M: Ô†LRy‡iÕi wewbg‡q Ô‡LRy‡iÕi
Amgvb †jb‡`b wb‡l× †Kb? wKš‘ ÔD‡UÕi wewbg‡q ÔD‡UÕi Amgvb †jb‡`b wbwl×
bq †Kb?
wiev ev my` m¤úwK©Z bex (mv.)-Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU nvw`‡m GB cÖ‡kœi
DËi wbwnZ i‡q‡Q, †hUv Bmjv‡gi gy`ªv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Q:
ÒAvey mvBÔ` Avj Ly`ix n‡Z ewY©Z, ¯^‡Y©i wewbg‡q ¯^Y,© †i․‡c¨i
wewbg‡q ‡i․c¨, M‡gi wewbg‡q Mg, h‡ei wewbg‡q he, ‡LRy‡ii
wewbg‡q ‡LRyi, je‡Yi wewbg‡q jeY Ges (hLb †jb‡`b) mgv‡bi
wewbg‡q mgvb n‡e ZLb cwi‡kva n‡e bM`| Gici hw` †KD †ewk
†`q ev Pvq Z‡e †m wiev ev my‡` wjß n‡jv| `vZv I MÖnxZv Df‡qB
mgvb Aciv‡a Acivax n‡e|Ó16
[mnxn, gymwjg]
bex (mv.)-Gi Dc‡ii nvw`m wZbwU wRwbm cwi¯‥vifv‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Q:
cÖ_gZ, GUv Bmjv‡g gy`ªv‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Q| gy`ªv n‡e g~j¨evb avZz,
†hgb: ¯^Y© Ges ‡i․c¨ ev Ab¨vb¨ cY¨`ªe¨, †hgb: Mg, he, †LRyi, jeY, cÖwZw`‡bi
†fvM¨cY¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ e¨envi mvgMÖx, †hgb: Lv`¨mvgMÖx, Ges †hme wRwb‡mi
gv‡S Rxebx kw³ i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e g`xbvi evRv‡i hLb ¯^Y© ev †i․c¨gy`ªvi Afve
†`Lv w`‡Zv, ZLb evRv‡i †hme e¨envi mvgMÖx (‡hgb †LRyi) cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvIqv

َّ َ َ
‫ َ ْن َم ِال َ ْن ها ِ ٍد أ َّن َ ْ َد الل ِي ْب َن ُ َم َر‬15
َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ‫ْ َ َ َ َ ًة‬
ِ ‫الربذ‬ ‫اح َب َها ِب‬
ِ
َ ‫احل ِب ْ َب َ ِ أ ْ ِ َر ٍد َم ْ ُموه ٍد َ ل ْي ِي ُ و ِ َيها‬ ِ ‫اا‬
16 َّ ْ ُ َّ ْ َ َ َّ ُ َ َّ َّ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ّ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ
ِ ِ ‫ِبال‬ ِ ‫ال‬ ‫ « الذ بالذ‬-‫هللا ليي لم‬ - ‫يد اا د ِ ِ قال قال ول الل ِي‬ ‫ن أ ِبى ِ ٍد‬
َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ِ َ ْ َ ِ َ َ ‫ُ ْ ْ ْ ًة ْ َ ًة‬ ْ ْ َ ْ َّ ُ ْ َّ َ َّ َّ ْ ْ
‫ْد أ ْ َبى‬ ‫ِبا ِ ِ ِم ِب ِم ٍد دا ِبي ٍدد من ا أ ِ ا ا‬ ‫َ ال ُ ُّر ِبال ُ ّ ِ َ ال ِ ُ ِبال ِ ِ ال مر ِبال م ِر ِا‬
ُْ ُ
‫ِآذ َ ا ْ ِ ى ِ ِيي َ َو ٌناا‬

21
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

†h‡Zv Ges †h m‡ei gv‡S Rxebx kw³ i‡q‡Q, Zv gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv|
dj¯^iƒc, Avgiv GLb Dc‡ii cÖ‡kœi Reve cvw”Q|
D‡Ui wewbg‡q D‡Ui Amgvb wewbgq nvjvj, †h‡nZz cïcvwL KL‡bv gy`ªv
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nqwb| Ô†LRy‡iÕi wewbg‡q Ô‡LRy‡iÕi Amgvb †jb‡`b nvivg n‡e,
†Kbbv †LRyi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv| Avi Giƒc (‡LRy‡ii wewbg‡q Amgvb
†LRy‡ii) ‡jb‡`‡bi AbygwZ A_©`vbKvix‡K wiev ev my‡`i Dci A_© avi †`evi
`iRv‡K Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡e|17
e¨envi mvgMÖx ‡hgb, †LRyi‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii GB g~jbxwZwU hw`
D`vniY¯^iƒc B‡›`v‡bwkqv‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Z‡e ‡mLv‡bi evRv‡i ¯^Y© ev
†i․c¨gy`ªvi mieivn hw` Kg nq Z‡e gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Pvj/PvDj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i18 Aciw`‡K Kzev Øxcmg~‡n gy`ªv wn‡m‡e wPwb e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i,
BZ¨vw`|
Bmjv‡gi A‡bK cwÛZ hyw³ †`Lvb †h, gy`ªv wn‡m‡e gvbeRvwZ †h‡Kv‡bv
wKQz e¨envi Ki‡Z ¯^vaxb, GgbwK evwji mvgvb¨ AskI| Avi ZvB KvMR Qvwc‡q
Ges ‡mB KvM‡R g~j¨ ewm‡q †`qv‡Z †Kv‡bv wb‡lavÁv †bB| Avgv‡`i Reve n‡”Q:
evwji mvgvb¨ Ask A_ev mgy`ª Zx‡i †hme UzK‡iv cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv nvw`m
Abymv‡i Bmjv‡gi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx bq †h‡nZz G¸‡jv †Kv‡bv

17
KziÕAvb Ôe¨emvÕ Ges ÔA_©aviÕ cÖ`v‡bi gv‡S `„pfv‡e cv_©K¨ K‡i‡Q| cÖwZwU e¨emvwqK †jb‡`‡b
Aek¨B GK ai‡bi SuzwK _vK‡e hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z †jb‡`bwU jvf ev ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e| Avjøvn&
KviI †_‡K wKQz Ôwb‡ZÕ cv‡ib Ab¨‡K wKQz Ôw`‡ZÕ| GB cÖwµqvi Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z
m¤ú‡`i cÖevn‡K wbwðZ K‡ib| abxiv me©`v abx _vK‡e bv Avi Mwi‡eiv ¯’vqxfv‡e `vwi‡`ªi k„•L‡j
AvU‡K _vK‡e bv|
wKš‘ ÔA_©avi`vZvÕ hLb wiev ev my‡`i Dci A_© avi †`q, ZLb wb‡R‡K m¤¢ve¨ ‡h‡Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi
ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿv K‡i| djvdj wn‡m‡e wiev ev my‡`i wfwˇZ A_© avi †`Iqv nq, Giƒc
A_©bxwZ‡Z m¤ú` wVK g‡Zv cÖevwnZ nq bv| abxiv me©`v abx _v‡K Avi Mwieiv ¯’v qxfv‡e Mwie
_v‡K Ges ‡kvlY †_‡K Zviv Avi wbivc` _v‡K bv| D`vniY¯^iƒc, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi nZ-`wi`ª gymwjg
gwnjv‡`i wm½vcy‡i Agymwjg kvmK †kÖYxi PvKi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv‡bv nq hw`I Zv‡`i
wb‡qvMKZ©v n‡”Q, Bmjv‡gi †Nvi we‡ivax| Dciš‘ Zv‡`i‡K ‡Kv‡bv weiwZ QvovB cÖwZw`b 24-N›Uv
ïK‡ii gvsm ivbœv Ges cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z nq, Avi GmeB n‡”Q, kÖg `vm‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y|
18
evsjv‡`‡kI Pvj/PvDj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-Abyev`K

22
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

g~j¨evb avZz bq Avi G¸‡jv cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ cY¨mvgMÖxI

bq|
wØZxqZ, hLb ¯^Y©, iƒcv, Mg, he, †LRyi Ges jeY (Pvj, wPwb BZ¨vw`)
gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv ZLb gy`ªvi Ôg~j¨gvbÕ gy`ªvi ÔwfZ‡iÕ _vK‡Zv, gy`ªvi
evwn‡i _vK‡Zv bv| Gfv‡eB nvw`m Bmjv‡gi gy`ªv‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q, (Zv n‡jv
Ggb gy`ªv) hv Acwinvq©fv‡eB g~j¨ enb K‡i|
Z…ZxqZ, gy`ªv me`©v Avjøvn&i ‣Zwi Kiv cY¨mvgMÖx‡Z mxgve× _vK‡Zv
†hUv‡Z Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv wb‡RB Ôg~j¨gvbÕ wbavi©Y K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb
†h, wZwb Avj-iv¾vK, ab-m¤ú` m„wóKvix|
mybœvn& Abymv‡i gy`ªv‡K Avgiv wb‡Pi •ewkó¨mn Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi (Zv
n‡e):

 g~j¨evb avZz A_ev Ab¨vb¨ cY¨mvgMÖx hv Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q,

 wbR¯^ Ôg~j¨gvbÕ wewkó gy`ªv,

 gy`ªv wRwbmwU Avjøvn&i ‣Zwi Kiv cY¨mvgMÖx‡Z mxgve× _vK‡e,

†hUv‡Z Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv wb‡RB Ôg~j¨gvbÕ wbavi©Y K‡i‡Qb| whwb ab-
m¤ú‡`i m„wóKvix|
Bmjv‡gi cwÛ‡Ziv Avgv‡`i‡K `ªæZB g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡eb †h, mybœvn& g~jZ
`ywU fv‡M wef³| cÖ_gwU, Inxi wfwˇZ †hUv gnvbex (mv.)-Gi KvQ †_‡K
G‡m‡Q| wØZxqwU, Zuvi wbR¯^ gZvg‡Zi Dci cÖwZwôZ| wØZxq mybœvn&wUi †ÿ‡Î bex
(mv.) wb‡RB Zuvi Abymvix‡`i‡K e‡j †M‡Qb: Ô‡Zvgiv ‡Zvgv‡`i `ywbqvex wel‡q
AwaK AeMZÕ19, GB Av‡`‡ki Zvrch© n‡”Q, Giƒc mybœvn& †g‡b Pjvi †Kv‡bv
eva¨evaKZv †bB|
cwÛ‡Ziv Av‡ivI GwM‡q ej‡eb †h, gy`ªv wØZxq fvMwU‡Z c‡o|
dj¯^iƒc, Zviv hyw³ †`Lv‡eb †h, kvmK BD‡iv ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ KZ…©K
‣Zwi Kiv Ôwewbg‡qi A‡hvM¨Õ Kv¸‡R gy`ªv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweav †bB| GB

19
﴾‫﴿أه م أ لم ب مو هياكم‬

23
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

e¨e¯’v‡Z Zv‡`i‡K (ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ‡K) †Kej KvMR‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e

Qvcv‡Z nq, Zv‡Z KvíwbKfv‡e GKUv g~j¨gvb emv‡Z nq Ges GB cÖwµqvq Zviv
h‡Zv m¤ú` ‣Zwi Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv Zv ‣Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| c„w_exi †h m¤ú` Zviv
wKb‡Z Pvq, GB gy`ªv‡K ‡m m¤ú` µ‡q Zviv e¨envi K‡i| wKš‘ gymwjgiv hLb
Zv‡`i (ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õi), Ô†Kv‡bv wKQzB QvovB m¤ú` ‣ZwiÕi GB
RNb¨ wkiwK KvR‡K AbymiY K‡i, ZLb Zv‡`i my¨U‡KmfwZ© B‡›`v‡bkxq iæwcqv ev
cvwK¯Ívwb iæwc w`‡q g¨vbnvU‡bi GK Kvc KwdI wKb‡Z Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Bmjv‡gi Giƒc Avwjgiv eZ©gvb Ôwewbg‡qi A‡hvM¨Õ Kv¸‡R gy`ªvwfwËK
gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K KL‡bvB nvivg †NvlYv K‡i wb Ges Avi g‡b n‡”Q bv, KL‡bv Ki‡e|
wbwðZfv‡eB Zviv Zv‡`i GB ch©v‡jvPbv‡Z åvšÍ Ges wePvi w`e‡m GB gvivZ¥K
e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K K‡Vvi cwiYwZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e| Avjøvn&-Zvqvjvi
‣ZwiK…Z wbR¯^ Ôg~j¨gvbÕ wewkó g~j¨evb avZz, †hUv‡Z wZwb wb‡RB g~j¨gvb ewm‡q
†`b, †miƒc gy`ªvi `„pwfwËB †h KziÕAvb, Giƒc Avwjgiv GB welqwU‡K KL‡bv
we‡ePbvq Avb‡e bv| m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡b Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv w`bv‡ii KLv D‡jøL
Ki‡Qb:

‫ك َوِمْن ُه ْم َّم ْن إِن تَأْ َمْنوُ بِ ِدينَا ٍر‬ ِ ِ ِ َ‫﴿وِمن أ َْى ِل ٱلْ ِكت‬
َ ‫اب َم ْن إِ ْن تَأْ َمْنوُ بِقْنطَا ٍر يُ َؤِّده إِلَْي‬ ْ َ
َ ِّ‫س َ َْي نَا ِِف ٱأل ُِّمي‬ ِ َ ِ‫ك إِ َّ ما ُد ْم َ َ َْي ِو َ آِ اًا ٰذ ل‬ ِِ
‫ني‬ َ ‫ك بأَن َُّه ْم َالُواْ لَْي‬ َ َ ‫َّ يُ َؤِّده إلَْي‬
ِ ِ ِ
﴾‫ب َوُى ْم يَ ْ َ ُ و َن‬ َ ‫يل َويَ ُقولُو َن َ َ الَّو ٱلْ َك‬ ‫َ ٌل‬
ÒAvn‡j wKZv‡ei (Bûw`) †jvK‡`i gv‡S Ggb †jvK i‡q‡Q hw` Zv‡K
GKwU ÔwKbZviÕ (gy`ªvi fvÛvi, †hgb ¯^Y©gy`ªvi ¯‘c) w`‡q wbivc‡` ivLvi
Rb¨ wek¦vm Kiv nq, Z‡e †m Zv h_vmg‡q †diZ w`‡e| Gic‡iI Zv‡`i
gv‡S Ggb †jvK i‡q‡Q hw` (†Kv‡bv ABûw` †jvK A_©vr Ggb †jvK hviv
Bûw` bq) Zv‡`i‡K wek¦vm K‡i, †KejgvÎ GKwU Ôw`bviÕ (¯^Yg© y`ªv)
wbivc‡` ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ`vb K‡i, Z‡e Zviv Zv †diZ w`‡e bv hZÿY bv
Zzwg Zv‡`i‡K m¤ú` †diZ †`evi Rb¨ eva¨ Ki‡Qv| (GB `ygy‡Lv-bxwZi)
KviY Zviv e‡j: ABûw`‡`i mv‡_ b¨vq I mywePvi Ki‡Z (agx©q AvBb)
‡Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv Pvcv‡”Q bv| Zviv Avjøvn&i Dci wg_¨v Av‡ivc Ki‡Q
A_P Zviv fvj K‡iB Rv‡b (†h, GUv GKUv wg_¨v)|Ó

24
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

(KziÕAvb, Avj Bgivb, 3:75)

Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv m~iv BDmy‡d w`inv‡gi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Qb:
ِ ِ َّ ‫س در ِاىم م دودةٍ وَ انُواْ ِ ِيو ِمن‬
ٍ ِ
﴾‫ين‬
َ ‫ٱللاىد‬ َ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ َ ‫﴿ َو َ َ ْوهُ ب َ َ ٍن‬
ÒIiv Zv‡K Kg g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i w`‡jv K‡qK Ôw`inv‡gÕ Ges Zviv Zv
K‡iwQ‡jv KviY Zviv Zuv‡K Giƒc Kgg~‡j¨i g‡b K‡iwQj|Ó
(KziÕAvb, BDmyd, 12:20)
Dfq Avqv‡Z Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv Ô¯^Y©Õ I ÔiƒcvÕ‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb| w`bvi n‡”Q ¯^‡Y©i GKwU gy`ªv hvi wbR¯^ g~j¨gvb i‡q‡Q Ges w`invg ev
†i․c¨gy`ªviI wbR¯^ g~j¨gvb i‡q‡Q| DfqB Avjøvn&i m„wó‡Z †ek cvIqv hvq,
Df‡qB m¤ú` m„wóKvix Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ g~j¨gvb wewkó|
KziÕAv‡b Av‡ivI A‡bK AvqvZ i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b Ô¯^Y©Õ Ges Ô†i․c¨Õgy`ªv‡K
m¤ú` wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Q Ges Giƒc m¤ú`‡K ¯^Y©gy`ªv Ôw`bviÕ Ges †i․c¨gy`ªv
Ôw`inv‡gÕi AvKv‡i gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e:
ِ ‫اط ِري ٱلْ َقْنطَ ةِ ِمن ٱل َّ َى‬ ِ َ‫ات ِمن ٱلنِّ ِاا وٱلْ نِني وٱلْ َقن‬ ِ ‫َّاا ُّب ٱلل‬ ِ
َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ‫َّه َو‬ َ ُ ِ ‫﴿ ُيِّ َن ل ن‬
ِ ِ ْ ‫ث ٰذ لِك متاع‬ ِ ‫ٱْل‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫َوٱلْ ِفض َِّة َو‬
ُ‫ٱْلَيَاة ٱلدُّبنْيَا َوٱلَّوُ ْن َده‬ ُ ََ َ َْْ ‫ٱْلَْي ِل ٱلْ ُ َ َّوَمة َوٱألَنْ َام َو‬
ِ ْ‫ن ٱل‬
﴾‫ب‬ َ ُُْ
ÒgvbeRvwZ‡K †gvnMÖ¯’ K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q bvix, mšÍvb mš‘wZ, ivwkK…Z ¯^Y© I
‡i․c¨ (A_¨©vr Ôw`bviÕ I Ôw`inv‡gÕi ¯‘c), wPwýZ †Nvov, Mevw` cï Ges
†ÿZ Lvgv‡ii g‡Zv AvKl©Yxq e¯‘ Øviv| GmeB n‡”Q cvw_©e Rxe‡bi
†fvM¨mvgMÖx| Avjøvn&i wbKUB n‡jv DËg AvkÖq|Ó
(KziÕAvb, Avj Bgivb, 3:14)

ِ ‫َّار َ َ ْن يُ ْقَل ِم ْن أَ َ ِد ِى ْم ِّم ْلاُ ٱأل َْر‬

‫ض َ َى اًا َولَ ِو‬ ِ َّ ِ
َ ‫﴿إ َّن ال‬
‫ين َ َفُواْ َوَماتُواْ َوُى ْم ُ ف ٌل‬
َ
ِ ِ َ ‫ٱ ْ تد ٰذ بِِو أُولَٰذِك َ م‬
﴾‫ين‬ َ ِ ‫يم َوَما َُ ْم ِّم ْن نَّاا‬
‫اب أَل ٌل‬
‫ْ َ ُ ْ َ ٌل‬ ََ

25
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

Òhw` mviv c„w_ex cwigvY ¯^Y‡© KI Zvi cwie‡Z© gyw³cY (‡m wb‡Ri AvZ¥vi
gyw³ Avkv Ki‡e gy`ªvi wewbg‡q) wn‡m‡e †`Iqv nq, ZeyI hviv Kvwdi
n‡q‡Q Ges Kvwdi Ae¯’vq gviv †M‡Q Zv‡`i ZIev Keyj n‡e bv| Zv‡`i
Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hš¿bv`vqK Avhve! Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv mvnvh¨Kvix †bB|Ó
(KziÕAvb, Avj Bgivb, 3:91)
ِ ْ‫َّاا بِٱل‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ َّ
‫اط ِل‬ َ ِ ‫ين َمنُواْ إ َّن َ رياًا ِّم َن ٱألَ ْ َا ِر َوٱلُّب ْىَان لَيَأْ ُ ُو َن أ َْم َو َال ٱلن‬
َ ‫﴿ ٰذيأَيُّب َها ٱل‬
‫ضةَ َو َ يُ ِنف ُقونَ َها ِِف َ ِ ِيل‬
َّ ‫ين يَكْنُِلو َن ٱل َّ َى َ َوٱلْ ِف‬ ِ َّ ِ ِ
َ ‫صدُّبو َن َن َ ِيل ٱلَّو َوٱل‬ ُ َ‫َوي‬
﴾‫اب أَلِي ٍم‬
ٍ َ ِ‫ٱلَّ ِو َ ِّل ُىم ب‬
َ ْ ْ َ
Ò†n Cgvb`v‡iiv! cwÛZ I msmviZ¨vMx‡`i A‡b‡K †jvK‡`i gvjvgvj
Ab¨vqfv‡e †fvM K‡i Pj‡Q Ges Avjøvn&i c_ †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Q| hviv
Ô¯^Y© I iƒcvÕ Rgv K‡i iv‡L Ges (GUv wbwðZ †h, cÖm½ Abymv‡i ¯^Y© Ges
†i․c¨gy`ªv e¨env‡ii w`‡K Bw½Z ‡`qv n‡q‡Q) e¨q K‡i bv Avjøvn&i c‡_,
Zv‡`i‡K K‡Vvi Avhv‡ei mymsev` ïwb‡q w`b|Ó
(KziÕAvb, ZIevn, 9:34)

‫َّاا أ َُّمةًا َوا ِ َد ًاة ََّّلَ َ ْنَا لِ َ ن يَ ْك ُفُ بِٱلَّ ْْحَٰذ ِن لُِيُوِتِِ ْم ُ ُقفاًا ِّمن‬
ُ ‫﴿ َولَ ْو َ أَن يَ ُكو َن ٱلن‬
ِ ‫ِض ٍَّة وم ارِج َي ها ي ْه و َن ولِ يوِتِِم أَب واباًا و راًا َي ها ي ت‬
‫َّكُو َن‬ َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ْ ُُ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ
ِ ِ ِّ‫ٱٱخ ةُ ِند رب‬ ِ ْ ‫و خ اًا وإِن ُ ُّبل ٰذ لِك لَ َّ ا متاع‬
‫ني‬ َ َ َ َ ِ ‫ٱْلَيَاة ٱلدُّبنْيَا َو‬
َ ‫ك ل ْ ُ تَّق‬ ُ ََ َ َ ُ ْ َُ
Òhw` me gvby‡li GK gZvj¤^x n‡q hvIqvi AvksKv bv _vK‡Zv, Z‡e hviv
`qvgq Avjøvn&‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Avwg Zv‡`i M„‡ni Rb¨ Ô‡i․c¨Õ wbwg©Z Qv`
I (iƒcvi) wmuwo Zv‡`i‡K w`Zvg, hvi Dci Zviv DV‡Zv Ges Zv‡`i M„‡ni
Rb¨ (iƒcvi) `iRv w`Zvg Ges (iƒcvi) cvjsK w`Zvg, hv‡Z Zviv †njvb
w`‡q em‡Zv Ges ‡hvLiæd (A_v©r,Ô¯^Y©Õ)-I w`Zvg| G¸‡jv meB cvw_©e
Rxe‡bi †fvMmvgMÖx gvÎ Avi ciKvj Avcbvi cvjbKZ©vi Kv‡Q gyËvwK‡`i
Rb¨ wbw`©ó|Ó
(KziÕAvb, ‡hvLiæd, 43:33-35)

26
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

‫﴿ َوإِ ْن أ ََرْد ُّبُّتُ ٱ ْ تِْ َد َال َ ْو ٍج َّم َكا َن َ ْو ٍج َو تَْيتُ ْم إِ ْ َد ُاى َّن ِْنطَاراًا َالَ تَأْ ُخ ُ واْ ِمْنوُ َ ْي اًا‬
﴾‫أَتَأْ ُخ ُ ونَوُ بُ ْهتَاناًا َوإِْ اًا ُّبمِيناًا‬
Òhw` †Zvgiv GK ¯¿xi ¯’‡j Ab¨ ¯¿x cwieZ©b Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡iv Ges
GKRb‡K GKwU ÔwKbZviÕ (¯^Y© I iƒcvi abfvÛvi) cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kv, Z‡e
Zv †_‡K wKQzB †diZ MÖnY K‡iv bv| ‡Zvgiv wK Zv Ab¨vqfv‡e I cÖKvk¨
†Mvbv‡ni gva¨‡g, Zv MÖnY Ki‡e?Ó
(KziÕAvb, wbmv, 4:20)
KziÕAvb mvg‡b AMÖmi n‡q GKwU AevK Kiv msev` Zz‡j ai‡Q Zv n‡”Q,
AvwLiv‡Zi Rxe‡biI ¯^Y© I iƒcv g~j¨evb e¯‘ wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i gh©v`v eRvi ivL‡e|
Ab¨ K_vq, e¯‘MZ `ywbqv‡Z Zv‡`i g~‡j¨i cvkvcvwk, g~j¨evb e¯‘ wn‡m‡e ¯^Y© I
‡iŠc¨ GKwU Ava¥vwZK ev¯ÍeZv aviY K‡i:
ٍ ِ ِ ‫ضٌل َوإِ ْ تَْ َ ٌل‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫َو ُ ُّبۤواْ أَ َ ا ِوَر من ضَّة َو َ َق‬
‫اى ْم َربُّب ُه ْم‬ ْ ‫ند ٍا ُخ‬
ُ ُ ‫اب‬
ُ َ‫﴿ َاليَ ُه ْم ي‬
﴾‫َ َاباًا طَ ُهوراًا‬
ÒZv‡`i‡K cwiavb Kiv‡bv n‡e meyR †ik‡gi Kvco †hUv Ô¯^‡Y©Õi n‡e|
Zv‡`i‡K cwiavb Kiv‡bv n‡e Ô‡i․c¨Õ wbwg©Z KsKb Ges Zv‡`i cvjbKZ©v
Zv‡`i‡K cvb Kiv‡eb cweÎ kive| (GB AvqvZ Ges †mB mv‡_ Ab¨
AvqvZ ¯úófv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Q †h, ¯^Y© Ges iƒcv AvwLiv‡ZI g~j¨evb I `vgx
e¯‘ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e)|Ó
(KziÕAvb, Bbmvb, 76:21)

‫اب وِ َيها َما تَ ْلتَ ِه ِيو ٱألَنْ ُفس وتَ َ ُّب‬

ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ُ َ‫﴿يط‬
َُ َ ‫اف َ َْيه ْم بص َحاف ِّمن َ َى َوأَ ْ َو‬ ُ
﴾‫ني َوأَنتُ ْم ِ َيها َخالِ ُدو َن‬
ُُ ْ َ‫ٱأل‬
ÒZv‡`i Kv‡Q cwi‡ewkZ n‡e Ô¯^‡Y©Õi _vjv I cvbcvÎ Ges Zv‡Z gb hv
Pvq I †PvL hv‡Z Z…ß nq, †mLv‡b Zv i‡q‡Q| ‡Zvgiv wPiKvj ‡mLv‡b
Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|Ó

27
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

(KziÕAvb, ‡hvLiæd, 43:71)

ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫﴿ َ َ ْو َ أُلْق َ َ َْيو أَ ْ ِوَرةٌل ِّمن َ َى ٍ أ َْو َ اَ َم َوُ ٱلْ َ الَآ َكةُ ُم ْق َِن‬
﴾‫ني‬
ÒZuv‡K †Kb Ô¯^Y©Õejq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv bv A_ev Zuvi mv‡_ ‡d‡ikZv †Kb
`j †e‡a Avm‡jv bv? (dj¯^iƒc, ¯^Y‡© K Zviv g~j¨evb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡”Q
Ges Av‡ivI ¯^xK…wZ w`‡”Q †h, GUv‡K Dci n‡ZI bvwhj nq)|Ó
(KziÕAvb, ‡hvLiæd, 43:53)

‫َّات َ ْد ٍن يَ ْد ُخُونَ َها ََُّ ْو َن ِ َيها ِم ْن أَ َ ا ِوَر ِمن َ َى ٍ َولُْؤلُؤاًا َولَِا ُ ُه ْم ِ َيها‬
ُ ‫﴿ َن‬
﴾ ‫َ ِيٌل‬
ÒZviv cÖ‡ek Ki‡e emev‡mi Rvbœv‡Z| Zv‡Z Zviv Ô¯^Y©Õ I †gvwZ ‡LuvwPZ
KsKb w`‡q AjsK…Z n‡e| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i †cvkvK n‡e †ik‡gi|Ó
(KziÕAvb, dvwZi, 35:33)
ٍ ‫ات ن‬
‫َّات ََْت ِ ِمن ََْتتِ َها ٱألَنْ َه ُار‬ ِ ِ َّ ْ‫﴿إِ َّن ٱلَّو ي ْد ِخل ٱلَّ ِين منُواْ و ِ ُوا‬
َ َ‫ٱلصاْل‬ ََ َ َ ُ ُ َ
﴾‫ََُّ ْو َن ِ َيها ِم ْن أَ َ ا ِوَر ِمن َ َى ٍ َولُْؤلُؤاًا َولَِا ُ ُه ْم ِ َيها َ ِيٌل‬
Òwbðq hviv Cgvb Av‡b Ges mrKvR K‡i, Avjøvn& Zv‡`i‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek
Kiv‡eb, hvi Zj‡`k †_‡K SY©v cÖevwnZ n‡e| Zv‡`i‡K Z_vq Ô¯^YÕ© KsKb
I gy³v Øviv AjsK…Z Kiv n‡e| ‡mLv‡b Zv‡`i †cvkvK n‡e †ikgx|Ó
(KziÕAvb, nv¾, 22:23)

‫َّات َ ْد ٍن ََْت ِ ِمن ََْتتِ ِه ُم ٱألَنْ َه ُار ََُّ ْو َن ِ َيها ِم ْن أَ َ ا ِوَر ِمن‬
ُ ‫ك َُ ْم َ ن‬ َ ِ‫﴿أ ُْولَٰذ‬
ِ ِ‫َّكِني ِيها َ ٱألَر آ‬
‫ك نِ ْ َم‬ ِ ٍ ْ ‫َ َى ٍ َويََْ ُ و َن ِيَاباًا ُخ‬
َ َ َ َ ‫ض اًا ِّمن ُ ْن ُد ٍا َوإِ ْ تَْ َ ُّبمت‬
﴾‫اب َو َ ُ نَ ْ ُم ْتَ َفقاًا‬
ُ ‫ٱل ََّو‬
ÒZv‡`iB Rb¨ i‡q‡Q emev‡mi RvbœvZ| Zv‡`i Zj‡`‡k bnimg~n cÖevwnZ
nq| ‡mLv‡b Zv‡`i‡K Ô¯^Y©Õ KsK‡b AjsK…Z Kiv n‡e Ges Zviv cvZjv I

28
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

†gvUv †ik‡gi meyR Rvgv cwiavb Ki‡e| Ggb Ae¯’vq †h, Zviv wmsnvm‡b
em‡e| KZ PgrKvi cÖwZ`vb Ges DËg AvkÖq!Ó
(KziÕAvb, Kvnvd, 18:31)
ِِ ِ ٍ
َ ِّ‫ِّمن ُ ْخُف أ َْو تَ ْ َ ٰذ ِِف ٱل َّ َ ا َولَن ن ُّْبؤِم َن لُ ي‬
‫ك َ ََّّت تُنَ ِّلَل‬ ‫ك بَْي ٌل‬
َ َ‫﴿أ َْو يَ ُكو َن ل‬
﴾‫ُ ْ َحا َن َرِّ َى ْل ُ ن ُ إَ َّ بَ َل اًا َّر ُ و ًا‬ ‫َ َْي نَا ِتَاباًا نَّ ْقَ ُهُ ُ ْل‬
ÒA_ev Avcbvi †Kv‡bv Ô¯^‡Y©Õi ‣Zwi M„n _vK‡e A_ev Avcwb AvKv‡k
Av‡ivnY Ki‡eb Ges Avgiv Avcbvi AvKv‡k Av‡ivnY‡KI Avgiv KL‡bvI
wek¦vm Ki‡ev bv, †h ch©šÍ bv Avcwb †Kv‡bv MÖš’ AeZxY© K‡ib, ‡h MÖš’
Avgiv cvV Ki‡ev|Ó e‡j w`b, ÒcweÎ Avgvi cÖwZcvjK| GKRb gvbyl
Ges GKRb im~j e¨ZxZ Avwg Avi †K?Ó
(KziÕAvb, Bmiv, 17:93)
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, ¯^Y© gy`ªv w`bvi wb‡RB wePvi w`e‡m GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb Ki‡e| my`xN© GK nvw`‡m (ewY©Z) hLb GKwU w`bv‡ii wecix‡Z AšÍ‡ii fvj
KvR‡K IRb Kiv n‡e, ZLb †mB IR‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡`i‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b
†_‡K Zz‡j Avbv n‡e| GLv‡b ‡mB my`xN© nvw`mwUi cÖvmw½K Ask Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
ÒhLb wePvi w`em Avm‡e ZLb GKRb ‡NvlK †NvlYv Ki‡e, Ô‡h hvi
Dcmbv Ki‡Zv †m ‡h‡bv Zv‡K AbymiY K‡iÕ... Gici Zviv
(†d‡ikZv) †jvK‡`i‡K Av¸b †_‡K ‡ei K‡i Avb‡e| wecyj msL¨K
†jvK‡`i‡K Av¸b †_‡K Zz‡j Avbv n‡e, hv‡`i nuvUz n‡Z cv‡qi cvZvi
ga¨vsk ev nuvUy‡K Av¸b MÖvm K‡iwQj| Zviv ej‡e, Ô†n Avgv‡`i
cÖwZcvjK hv‡`i Dci Avcwb Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i‡Qb, Zviv Avi G‡Z
†bBÕ| ZLb wZwb ej‡eb, Ôwd‡i hvI| hvi AšÍ‡i GK Ôw`bviÕ IR‡bi
fvj KvR cvI Zv‡K (Av¸b) †_‡K Zz‡j Av‡bv|Õ ZLb Zviv wekvj
msL¨K †jvK‡K Zz‡j Avb‡e| Zvici Zviv ej‡e, Ô†n Avgv‡`i
cÖwZcvjK hv‡`i Dci Avcwb Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i GKRb‡KI
Avgiv ivwLwbÕ| wZwb ej‡eb, Ôwd‡i hvI| hvi AšÍ‡i Aa© Ôw`bviÕ
IR‡bi fvj KvR cvI Zv‡K (Av¸b) †_‡K Zz‡j Av‡bv|Õ ZLb Zviv

29
 KziAvb I mybvœ n&‡Z gy`ªv

wekvj msL¨K †jvK‡K Zz‡j Avb‡e| Zvici Zviv ej‡e, Ô†n Avgv‡`i
cÖwZcvjK hv‡`i Dci Avcwb Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i GKRb‡KI
Avgiv ivwLwbÓ| wZwb ej‡eb, Ôwd‡i hvI| hvi AšÍ‡i hviiv (Aby
cwigvY) IR‡bi fvj KvR cvI Zv‡K (Av¸b) †_‡K Zz‡j Av‡bv|Õ
Zvici Zviv ej‡e, Ô†n Avgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK Avi †Kv‡bv fvj KvR
wewkó KvD‡KI Avgiv (Rvnvbœv‡g) ivwLwbÓ
[mnxn, gymwjg]
Dc‡ii KziÕAvwbK AvqvZmg~n Ges nvw`mwU ¯úófv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Q †h, ¯^Y©
I †i․c¨‡K g~j¨gvbmn Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv ‣Zwi K‡i‡Qb, hv‡`i g~j¨gvb cvw_©e RM‡Zi
cvkvcvwk AvwLiv‡ZI eRvq _vK‡e| GB AvqvZmg~n Av‡ivI ¯úófv‡e Zy‡j ai‡Q
†h, Ab¨vb¨ m„wói gv‡S Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv ¯^Y© I iƒcv‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨
‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb| GZUvB AÜ n‡q †h e¨vw³ GB ev¯ÍeZv‡K P¨v‡jÄ Rvbv‡e †m GB
Kv‡Ri dj¯^iƒc wePvi w`e‡m wb‡R‡K iÿvi Rb¨ cÖ¯Z ‘ _vKzK|
AvR‡Ki wek¦e¨e¯’v gy`ªve¨e¯’v n‡Z ÔwbR¯^ g~j¨gvbÕ wewkó Ôgy`ªvÕ D`vI
n‡q †M‡Q| KziÕAv‡b `„pfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Ôgy`ªvÕ †hUv wKbv AvwLiv‡ZI gy`ªv wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ, †mB Ôgy`ªvÕ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Aciv‡a gymwjg wek¦ Acivax| gymwjg wek¦
BwZg‡a¨B ÔcweÎ gy`ªvÕ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi fqven cwiYvg †fvM Ki‡Q Ges †mB
RvqMv‡Z Zviv cÖZviYvgq †jb‡`b e¨e¯’v‡K Ôag©wbi‡cÿ gy`ªvÕi AvKv‡i MÖnY K‡i
wb‡q‡Q|
Ômybœvn& gy`ªvÕ‡K †Kb Ges wKfv‡e wejyß Kiv n‡jv, Zv‡K mswÿßfv‡e Zz‡j
aivB GB eBwUi D‡Ïk¨| hviv GB eBwU co‡eb, Dcjwä Ki‡eb Ges GB eBwU‡Z
DÌvwcZ hyw³i mv‡_ GKgZ n‡eb, Zv‡`i‡K bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi wb‡Pi Av‡`k
Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡Z Dc‡`k w`‡ev:

30
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

Avey mvB` Avj Ly`ix ‡_‡K ewY©Z:

Avwg Avjøvn&i bex (mv.)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
Ò†Zvgv‡`i gv‡S †h‡KD g›` KvR †`L‡e †m ‡h‡bv Zv nvZ w`‡q
cÖwZnZ K‡i, hw` †m Zv Ki‡Z mÿg bv nq Z‡e †m †h‡bv Zv wRnŸv
w`‡q cÖwZnZ K‡i Avi hw` †m Zv Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e †m ‡h‡bv gb
w`‡q cÖwZnZ Ki‡e, GUv n‡”Q me‡P‡q `ye©j Cgv‡bi (Ae¯’v)|Ó20
[mnxn, gymwjg]

20
‫لي‬ ‫لساهي إن لم يس‬ ‫﴿من أ مىكم مىكرا ليغيي بيد إن لم يس‬
﴾‫ل أض ف إلا مان‬

31
 Aa¨vq: 03
gnv-cwiKíbv

33
 gnv-cwiKíbv

G KUv gnv-cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q, ‡hUv AvR‡Ki AvšÍRv© wZK ivRbxwZ, AvšÍRv© wZK
A_©bxwZ I a‡g©i mv‡_ AvR‡Ki cÖZviYvgq gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i|
Avmyb Avgiv e¨vcviUv e¨vL¨v Kwi:
cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bûw` wkï GUv Rv‡b Ges wek¦vm K‡i †h, gnvb Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv
BmivCjx †jvK‡`i mv‡_ Iqv`v K‡i‡Qb †h, ÔBwZnv‡mi mgvwßÕ n‡e GKRb e¨w³i
Øviv| ‡h n‡e bex Ges gmxn| †m ÔcweÎ †RiæRv‡jgÕ ‡_‡K bex `vD` (Av.)-Gi
wmsnvm‡b e‡m mgMÖ wek¦ kvmb Ki‡e Avi †mB kvmb n‡e kvk¦Z Ges ¯’vqx| GLvb
†_‡KB Bûw`iv GB Dcmsnv‡i G‡m‡Q †h, ÔBwZnv‡mi mgvwßÕ msMwVZ n‡e c¨v·
RyWvBKvi21 (BmivCjx AvwacZ¨ Ges GKbvqKZš¿) gva¨‡g Ges myjvBgvb (Av.)-
Gi mgqKv‡ji g‡Zv ÔcweÎ †RiæRv‡jgÕ Av‡iKev‡ii g‡Zv we‡k¦i †K‡›`ª cwiYZ
n‡e| c¨v· RyWvBKvi gva¨‡g Bûw`‡`i Ôm‡Z¨Õi `vex `„pfv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡e Ges
G‡Z Ab¨‡`i `vex wg_¨vq ch©ewmZ n‡e|
GKUv `viæb jÿ¨Yxq welq n‡jv, Bûw`‡`i g‡Zv gymwjg, wLª÷vb Df‡qB
wek¦vm K‡i, cweÎ †RiæRv‡jg †_‡K GKRb gmxni b¨vqwfwËK wek¦ kvm‡bi
gva¨‡g HwZnvwmK cÖwµqvq BwZnv‡mi me©‡kl av‡ci gÂvqb n‡e| gymwjg I
wLª÷v‡biv Bûw`‡`i mv‡_ wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡i wek¦vm K‡i, gwiqg cyÎ Cmv (Av.)
n‡jb cÖwZkÖæZ gmxn| Zviv Df‡qB wek¦vm K‡i, µzkwe× Kivi mg‡q Cmv (Av.)-
†K Hk¦wiKfv‡e Avmgv‡b Zz‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q Ges ÔcweÎ †RiæRv‡jgÕ †_‡K wek¦
kvm‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Avevi wd‡i Avm‡eb, wVK †hgbwUi Hk¦wiK cÖwZkÖæwZ †`Iqv
n‡qwQj|
KziÕAvb Cmv (Av.)-Gi cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi NUbv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q GBfv‡e †h,
wZwb µzkwe× nbwb Ges Avjøvn& Giƒc g‡b nevi cwi‡ek ‣Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb:

21
Pax Judaica A_©vr BmivCj hLb we‡k¦i wbqšÍv ivóª n‡e -Abyev`K

34
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

‫اَُوهُ َولَٰذ ِكن‬ ِ َ ‫﴿وَوِِم إِنَّا َت ْنَا ٱلْ ِ يح ِي ٱبن م ََي ر‬

َ ‫ول ٱلَّو َوَما َتَ ُوهُ َوَما‬ ُ َ َ َْ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ َ
‫اع ٱل َّ ِّن‬ ِ ِِ ٍّ َ ‫ٱختَ َ ُفواْ ِ ِيو لَ ِف‬
َ َِّ‫ك ِّمْنوُ َما َُ ْم بِو م ْن ْ ٍم إِ َّ ٱت‬ ْ ‫ين‬
ِ َّ ِ
َ ‫ُ ِّوَ َُ ْم َوإ َّن ٱل‬
﴾‫َوَما َتَ ُوهُ يَِقيناًا بَل َّرَ َوُ ٱلَّوُ إِلَْي ِو َوَ ا َن ٱلَّوُ َ ِليلاًا َ ِكي اًا‬
ÒZviv (AnsKvi K‡i) e‡j, ÔAvgiv Avjøvn&i im~j, gwiqg cyÎ Cmv gmxn‡K
nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ| A_P Zviv bv Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Avi bv ï‡j Qwo‡q‡Q, eis
Zviv Giƒc auvauvq cwZZ n‡qwQ‡jv| e¯‘Z G e¨vcv‡i Zviv bvbvK_v e‡j
_v‡K, Avm‡j Zviv m‡›`‡ni gv‡S c‡o Av‡Q, Abygvb Qvov G wel‡q Zviv
†Kv‡bv Lei iv‡L bv| Avi Zviv Zuv‡K wbwðZfv‡eB nZ¨v K‡iwb| eis
Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv Zuv‡K wb‡Ri Kv‡Q DwV‡q wb‡q‡Qb| Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv gnv-
ÿgZvkvjx Ges cÖÁvgq|Ó
(KziÕAvb, wbmv, 4:157-158)
wLª÷vbiv KziÕAv‡bi GB †NvlYv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q Ges Cmv †h µzk-we×
n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i GB wek¦v‡m Zviv AUj|
Ab¨w`‡K Bûw`iv Cmv (Av.)-†K gmxn wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges
Av‡iKwU gmx‡ni Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Q| †hB gmxn Bûw`‡`i Rb¨ cweÎf~wg‡K ¯^vaxb
Ki‡e| GB cweÎf~wgwU †h Zv‡`i (Bûw`‡`i), GB `vex wb‡q Zv‡`i‡K
(Bûw`‡`i‡K) cweÎf~wg‡Z wdwi‡q Avb‡e, `vD` (Av.) Ges myjvBgvb (Av.) KZ©„K
cÖwZwôZ cweÎ BmivCjx ivóª cweÎf~wg‡Z cybtcÖwZôv Ki‡e Ges BmivCjx ivóª‡K
we‡k¦i ÔwbqšÍv iv‡óªÕ cwiYZ Ki‡e| c¨v· RyWvBKvi gva¨‡g †RiæRv‡jg ‡_‡K †mB
gmxn mgMÖ wek¦‡K kvmb Ki‡e Ges Bûw`‡`i †mB Ô†mvbvjx hyMÕ ‡K Avevi wdwi‡q
Avb‡e|
AvRe Ges inm¨RbKfv‡e we‡k¦i cÖKvwkZ NUbv¸‡jvi gv‡S GUvi GKUv
AKvU¨ cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| hv‡Z g‡b n‡”Q, GB mKj NUbv Bûw`‡`i Kiv GB Ôm‡Z¨Õi
`vex‡K mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ Ki‡e| ‡Kbbv Dciš‘, cweÎf~wg ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q
1917 mv‡j| Gi dj¯^iƒc cweÎf~wgi `vex wb‡q cweÎf~wg‡Z Bûw`‡`i cÖZ¨veZ©b
mgMÖ wek¦ cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Q, hv‡`i‡K cÖvq 2000 eQi Av‡M Hk¦wiK Av‡`ke‡j
†mLvb †_‡K ewn¯‥vi Kiv n‡qwQj| AvR‡Ki GB (cÖZviK) BmivCjx ivóª cÖwZwôZ

35
 gnv-cwiKíbv

n‡q‡Q 1948 mv‡j Ges Lye `ªæZB we‡k¦i civkw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, Avi G¸‡jv
LyeB ¯úó| AvaywbK cwðgv mf¨Zv‡K wewbg©vbKvix ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ
GKwU ‣ewk¦K miKvi ‣Zwi‡Z B‡Zg‡a¨B h‡_ó AMÖMwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| ÔwbqšÍv ivóªÕ
wn‡m‡e gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi ¯’vb `Lj Kiv BmivC‡ji c‡ÿ GLb mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ|
†RiæRv‡jgwfwËK ‣ewk¦K miKv‡ii GKRb cÖavb wn‡m‡e BmivC‡ji GKRb kvmK
Avwe©f~Z n‡e Ges †m GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †NvlYv w`‡e Zv n‡”Q: ‡m (cÖwZwÿZ) gmxn!
bex (mv.) Avgv‡`i‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb: Bûw`‡`i cÖK…Z gmxn‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi cÖwZwµqv¯^iƒc, mg¯Í wKQzi c~e©Áv‡b Ávbx Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv GKwU bKj,
wg_¨v, fÛ gmxn ‣Zwi K‡ib| wZwb (mv.) Avgv‡`i‡K Av‡ivI Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h,
gnvb Avjøvn& GB kqZvbx kw³‡K c„w_ex‡Z gy³ K‡i w`‡eb mg‡qi Ggb GK
WvB‡gbk‡b, ‡hUv Avgv‡`i mg‡qi WvB‡gbkb ‡_‡K m¤ú~Y© wfbœ22 Ges Avjøvn&
Zv‡K cÖK…Z gmx‡ni f~wgKvq Awfb‡qi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q cvVv‡eb| dj¯^iƒc, fÛ gmxn
Ô`v¾vjÕ GKUv •ewk¦K miKvi ‣Zwii cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡e| †mUvi ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †m
mgMÖ wek¦‡K †RiæRv‡jg †_‡K kvmb Ki‡e|
bex (mv.)-Gi g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ci Ges g`xbvi Bûw`iv hLb Zuv‡K mZ¨
bex wn‡m‡e Ges KziÕAvb‡K Avjøvn&i bvwhj Kiv evYx wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi K‡i, ZLbB
fÛ gmxn `v¾vj‡K bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi RxeÏkv‡ZB c„w_ex‡Z gy³ K‡i
†`Iqv nq| Avgv‡`i eB ÔcweÎ KziÕAv‡b †RiRv‡j‡gÕ G e¨vcv‡i we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
bex (mv.) Av‡ivI ¯úó K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †h, fÛ gmxn Ô`v¾vjÕ Zvi
‡RiæRv‡jg †_‡K wek¦ kvm‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †h wRwbm‡K cÖavb A¯¿ e¨envi
Ki‡e Zv n‡”Q: ‡MvUv we‡k¦i gvbeRvwZ‡K GKUv Ava¨vwZ¥K A܇Z¡ wb‡q hvIqv,
hv‡Z K‡i ‡jvKRb Zvi GB ÔkqZvbx PµvšÍÕ‡K eyS‡Z Aÿg nq Ges Gi gva¨‡g
cÖZvwiZ nq23|

22
‡`Lyb m~iv Avj-Kvnvd Ges AvaywbK hyMÕ eB‡qi ÔKziÕAvb Ges mgqÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨vqwU|
23
‡`Lyb m~iv Avj-Kvnvd Ges AvaywbK hyMÕ eB‡qi Ôg~mv Ges wLwhiÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨vqwU|

36
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

fÛ gmxn Ô`v¾vjÕ ‡h A‡¯¿i mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Dci Zvi GKbvqKZš¿‡K

Pvwc‡q w`‡e, bex (mv.) †mB A¯¿wUi cwiPq cÖKvk K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| †mB A¯¿wU
n‡”Q, Ôwiev ev my`Õ| hviv Zvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e Ôwiev ev my‡`Õi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K
`wi`ª evwb‡q Zvi †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ Kiv n‡e| hviv Zv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e Ges gmxn
wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K †m abm¤ú` w`‡q ÿgZvkvjx Ki‡e| Avi
(`v¾v‡ji) ‣Zwi Kiv ‡mme D”P‡kÖYxi †jvK‡`i‡K (`v¾vj Zvi) K¬v‡q›U Ges
cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡e, hv‡Z Zviv fÛ gmxn Ô`v¾v‡jÕi c‡ÿ wekvj `wi`ª
RbMb‡K †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ K‡i Ges kvmb K‡i|

37
 Aa¨vq: 04
gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I
wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

39
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

Kz iAvb K‡Vvifv‡e gymwjg‡`i‡K Ggb Bûw` wLª÷vb‡`i mv‡_ eÜzZ¡c~Y© ev

wgÎZvi m¤ú‡K© Ave× n‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Q hviv wb‡Riv (ci¯úi wg‡j) ÔBûw`-
wLª÷vb wgÎÕkw³ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| GUv cweÎ KziAv‡bi m~iv gvwq`vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
wb‡Pi AvqvZwU‡Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q:

ٍ ْ َ‫ض ُه ْم أ َْولِيَ اُ ب‬
‫ض َوَمن‬ ِ
ُ ْ َ‫َّص َار ٰذ أ َْوليَ اَ ب‬
َ ‫ود َوٱلن‬
ِ
َ ‫ين َمنُواْ َ تَتَّخ ُ واْ ٱلْيَ ُه‬
ِ َّ
َ ‫﴿يَۤأَيُّب َها ٱل‬
ِِ ِ ِ
﴾‫ني‬َ ‫يَتَ َوَُّ ْم ِّمن ُك ْم َِنَّوُ مْن ُه ْم إِ َّن ٱلَّوَ َ يَ ْهد ٱلْ َق ْوَم ٱل َّال‬
Ò‡n Cgvb`v‡iiv! (Ggb) Bûw` Ges wLª÷vb‡`i‡K †Zvgv‡`i eÜz ev wgÎ
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iv bv, hviv wb‡RivB G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz Ges wgÎ| †Zvgv‡`i
gv‡S hviv Zv‡`i mv‡_ eÜz‡Z¡ ev wgÎZv‡Z hy³ n‡e †m Zv‡`i AšÍf©~³|
wbwðZfv‡eB Avjøvn&-Zvqvjv GiKg †jvK‡`i‡K ÿgv K‡ib bv, hviv Giƒc
hyjy‡gi (KvR) K‡i|Ó
(KziÕAvb, gvwq`vn, 5:51)
Avgiv Ggb GKUv c„w_ex‡Z emevm KiwQ hLb BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv
ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| GUv †mB Pµ hviv AvaywbK ag©wbi‡cÿ
mf¨Zv‡K ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q Ges †hUv GLb RvwZmsN BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g wek¦‡K kvmb
Ki‡Q| GUv Ggb A_©bxwZ I gy`ªve¨e¯’v ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g BwZg‡a¨B
Ab¨vqfv‡e evwK we‡k¦i Li‡P wbR‡`i‡K Zviv abx evbv‡Z mdj n‡q‡Q| GUv †mB
ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ hviv AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªvdvÛ ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q| ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb
wgÎkw³Õ KZ©„K ‣Zwi I wbqwš¿Z AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v¸‡jv‡Z gymwjg‡`i m`m¨c` jvf
Kiv, Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ AvqvZ Abymv‡i nvjvj wKbv †m e¨vcv‡i cvVK‡`i cÖkœ Kiv
DwPZ| DËiwU Aek¨B †evaMg¨ n‡Z n‡e|
abx D”P-†kÖYxiv GLb AwaKvsk `wi`ª RbM‡bi Dci kvmb Pvjv‡”Q Ges
abx RvwZ¸‡jv evwK wek¦‡K kvmb Ki‡Q| Dciš‘ weËkvjxiv D”P-†kÖbxi GKUv

40
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

RvgvÔAvZ ev `j MVb K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i Avwgi ev †bZv Avwe©f~Z nIqvi g GLb

cÖ¯Z
‘ , †h †RiæRv‡jg †_‡K wek¦ kvmb Ki‡e Ges †m n‡e fÛ gmxn|
AvR‡Ki wek¦ e¨e¯’vi †cQ‡b gnv-cwiKíbvKvix †h fÛ gmxn `v¾vj,
GB e¨vcviUv‡K hviv mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv, ZvivB AvR‡Ki mgMÖ gymwjg wek¦‡K
kvmb Ki‡Q| dj¯^iƒc, ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© Ges
wgÎZv‡K wb‡laKvix KziÕAv‡bi GB ‡NvlYv‡K AeÁv Ki‡Q| hZw`b ch©šÍ GB
†kÖYxi †jvK¸‡jv gymwjg‡`i kvmb Ki‡e, ZZw`b ch©šÍ bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi
D¤§Z Pig `vwi‡`ªi k„•L‡j ew›` _vK‡e Ges BmivC‡ji cÿ wb‡q hviv Bmjv‡gi
weiæ‡× hy× Pvjv‡”Q, Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z Aÿg _vK‡e|
Avgiv GLb my‡`i Ggb GKUv aib m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev, hvi gva¨‡g
`v¾vj Zvi mn‡hvMx‡`i‡K abm¤ú` cÖ`vb K‡i kw³kvjx Ki‡Q Ges hviv Zvi
we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Q `vwi‡`ªi KlvNv‡Z Zv‡`i †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ Ki‡Q| Gi Rb¨ Zv‡K
†Kej GKUv AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, †hUv gy`ªv‡K Ggbfv‡e
KzjwlZ K‡i‡Q †h, gy`ªv‡K Zv‡`i B”Qvg‡Zv e¨envi Kiv hvq Ges G‡K AvBbwm×
Pzwi, `vbexq WvKvwZ I A_©‣bwZK wbh©vZ‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡eI e¨envi Kiv hvq| Gi
GKwU `„k¨gvb iƒc n‡”Q: kÖg `vm‡Z¡i gva¨‡g kÖg‡K wb‡®úwlZ Kiv| AvR‡Ki
we‡k¦i Z_vKw_Z gy³evRvi A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯’v‡Z, miKvi¸‡jv me©wb¤œ gyRix-AvBb
Pvjy Kiv‡K Riæix g‡b Ki‡Q| hv‡Z K‡i, kÖg `vm‡Z¡i Ke‡j AvU‡K cov
kÖwgK‡`i i³ÿqx we‡`ªvn‡K `gb Kiv hvq|
1933 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j msMwVZ GKwU NUbvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j cvV‡Kiv Lye
mn‡RB ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õi ‣ZwiK…Z AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi AvBbwm×
Pzwi‡K, cÖavb KvimvwR‡K, Lye mn‡RB mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †m mgq gvwK©b
miKvi †mLv‡bi Awaevmx‡`i wbK‡U ¯^Y©gy`ªv, ¯^Y© ev †i․‡c¨i wcÛ Ges ¯^‡Y©i
mb`cÎ _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv, GB wb‡lavÁv m¤^wjZ AvBb cvm K‡i| ¯^Y©gy`ªv wn‡m‡e
e¨env‡ii †hvM¨Zv nvivq Ges •ea ev wjMvj †UÛvi wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii AbygwZ
nvivq| G¸‡jv‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e GLb e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| ‡KD hw` ¯^Ym © n wbw`©ó
Zvwi‡Li ci aiv c‡o, Z‡e Zv‡K 10,000 BDGm Wjvi Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e A_ev
6 gv‡mi †Rj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| ¯^Yg© y`ªv, ¯^Y© ev †i․‡c¨i wc‡Ûi wewbg‡q †emiKvix

41
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

†dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK24 cÖwZ AvDÝ ¯^‡Y©i wewbg‡q 20 BDGm Wjvi Kv¸‡R gy`ªv
cÖ`vb K‡i|
¯^‡Y©i wewbg‡q Kv¸‡R gy`ªv cvevi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvb Awaevmxiv R‡ov n‡Z
_v‡K wKš‘ hviv GB RvwjqvwZ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ wQ‡jv, Zviv Zv‡`i Kv¸‡R gy`ªv w`‡q
¯^Y© wK‡b Ges Zv myBm e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z cvwV‡q †`q|
GUv jÿbxq †h, gvwK©b miKvi hLb ¯^Y©‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii A‡hvM¨
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i, weªwUk miKviI GKB KvR K‡i| Zviv myweavRbKfv‡e †Kej
÷vwj©s cvD‡Ûi ‡jb‡`b ÿgZv‡K gyjZex K‡i, hv‡Z ¯^Y© µq bv Kiv hvq|
mg¯Í ¯^Y© hLb hy³iv‡óª Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi wewbg‡q wb‡q †bIqv n‡jv, gvwK©b
miKvi ZLb †¯^”QvPvixfv‡e BDGm Wjv‡ii g~j¨ 41% n«vm K‡i †`q Ges Zvici
Av‡Mi RvwiK…Z Ô¯^Y© ivLvi wb‡lavÁv m¤^wjZÕ AvBb‡K Zy‡j †d‡j| Av‡gwiKvi
bvMwi‡Kiv bZzb ‡jb‡`b cÖ_v A_©vr cÖwZ AvDÝ ¯^Y© 35 Kv¸‡R BDGm Wjv‡i
cvevi Rb¨ R‡ov nq| GB cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i m¤ú‡`i 41% jy‡U †bqv nq| Kv¸‡R
gy`ªvi g~j¨‡K hLb n«vm Kiv nq, ZLbB AvBbwm× Pzwi msMwVZ nq| cvV‡Kiv GLb
GB welqUv Lye mn‡RB wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 25
KziÕAvb G‡K Pigfv‡e wb‡la K‡i‡Q Ges RbM‡bi m¤ú`‡K GBfv‡e
WvKvwZ Kiv‡K nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc, m~iv wbmv I û‡`i
AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q:
ِ ْ‫﴿يا أَيُّبها ٱلَّ ِين منُواْ َ تَأْ ُ ُواْ أَموالَ ُكم ب ي نَ ُكم بِٱل‬
‫اط ِل إِ َّ أَن تَ ُكو َن َِتَ َارًاة َن‬َ ْ َْ ْ َ ْ ۤ َ َ َ َ
﴾‫اض ِّمْن ُك ْم َو َ تَ ْقتُ ُۤواْ أَنْ ُف َ ُك ْم إِ َّن ٱلَّوَ َ ا َن بِ ُك ْم َرِ ي اًا‬
ٍ َ َ‫ت‬

24
Federal Reserve Bank
25
e¨vcviUv n‡”Q Giƒc, 1933 mv‡j AvBb RvwiK…Z nq †h, ¯^Y© ev †i․c¨ m¤ú„³ wRwbm Avcwb
wb‡Ri Kv‡Q ivL‡Z cvi‡eb bv| hw` aiv c‡ob Z‡e AvBb †gvZv‡eK kvw¯Í cv‡eb| Avcwb Avcbvi
¯^Y© ev †i․c¨ m¤ú„³ wRwbm¸‡jv miKvi‡K w`‡q w`‡eb wewbg‡q miKvi Avcbv‡K BDGm Wjvi
w`‡e, Zvi cwigvY n‡”Q, 1 AvDÝ ¯^Y©=20 BDGm Wjvi, wKQzw`b c‡i GB AvBbwU evwZj †NvlYv
Kiv nq Ges ejv nq GLb †_‡K ¯^Y© ev †i․c¨ m¤ú„³ wRwbm Avcwb wb‡Ri Kv‡Q ivL‡Z cvi‡eb|
ZvB miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Avcwb Avcbvi Rgv‡bv ¯^Y© ev †i․c¨ m¤ú„³ wRwbm ‡diZ wb‡q hvb| Z‡e
G‡ÿ‡Î Avcwb 1 AvDÝ ¯^Y©=35 BDGm Wjv‡i cv‡eb| †`Lyb Kx ai‡bi RvwjqvwZ! -Abyev`K

42
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

Ò‡n Cgvb`v‡iiv! †Zvgiv G‡K A‡b¨i m¤ú` Ab¨vqfv‡e MÖvm K‡iv bv|
†KejgvÎ †Zvgv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g †h e¨emv Kiv nq Zv •ea| Avi
†Zvgiv wb‡R‡`i KvD‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv| wbtm‡›`‡n Avjøvn&Zvqvjv †Zvgv‡`i
cÖwZ `qvjy|Ó
(KziÕAvb, wbmv, 4:157-158)

َ ‫ف إِلَْي ِه ْم أَ ْ َ ا َُ ْم ِ َيها َوُى ْم ِ َيها‬

ِّ ‫ٱْلَيَا َة ٱلدُّبنْيَا َوِينَتَ َها نُ َو‬
ْ ‫يد‬ُ ُِ‫﴿ َمن َ ا َن ي‬
﴾‫يُْ َخ ُ و َن‬
ÒAvi †n Avgvi RvwZ, b¨vqwbôvi mv‡_ cwigvc K‡iv I IRb K‡iv Ges
†jvK‡`i wRwbmc‡Îi g~‡j¨ (‡hgb, kÖ‡gi g~j¨, e¨emvc‡Y¨, m¤ú‡`i g~j¨
BZ¨vw`) †Kv‡bviƒc ÿwZmvab K‡iv bv, Avi c„w_ex‡Z d¨vmv` K‡iv bv|Ó
(KziÕAvb, û`, 11:85)
bex †gvnv¤§` (mv.) Giƒc ‡jb‡`b‡K (†hUvi wfwË cÖZviYvi Dci Ges
†hUv GKRb‡K Zvi b¨vh¨ cvIbv ev jvf †`q bv) wiev ev my` wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb|26

26
Avbvm Be‡b gvwjK e‡jb, bex gynv¤§v` (mv.) e‡j‡Qb: ÒAÁ †µZv‡K (‡h evRvi`i m¤ú‡©K
ÁvZ bq) †auvKv †`Iqv n‡”Q wiev ev my`Ó (mybvb, evBnvKx)
Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Avey Ddv e‡jb: ÔGKRb ‡jvK evRv‡i †Kvb cY¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ges wg_¨v
kc_ K‡i e‡j †h, Zv‡K GUvi Rb¨ G‡Zv †ewk cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q A_P Zv‡K Zv cwi‡kva Kiv
nqwb| ZLb wb‡Pi Hk¦wiK AvqvZwU bvwhj nq :
ِ ‫ك َ خالَ َ َ م ِِف‬
‫ٱٱخَِة َو َ يُ َكِّ ُ ُه ُم ٱلَّوُ َو َ يَن ُُ إِلَْي ِه ْم يَ ْوَم‬ ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ َّ ِ
ُْ َ َ ‫ين يَ ْلتَ ُو َن بِ َ ْهد ٱلَّو َوأَْْيَاِن ْم ََناًا َ يالًا أ ُْولَٰذ‬
َ ‫إ َّن ال‬
ِ ِ ِ
‫يم‬
‫اب أَل ٌل‬ ‫ٱلْقيَ َامة َو َ يَُلِّي ِه ْم َوَُ ْم َ َ ٌل‬
ÔÔhviv Avjøvn&i bv‡g K„Z kc_ mvgvb¨ g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i, AvwLiv‡Z Zv‡`i †Kvb Ask †bB|
Avi Zv‡`i mv‡_ wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn& K_vI ej‡eb bv| Zv‡`i cÖwZ Kiæbvi `„wóI
w`‡eb bv| Avi Zv‡`i‡K cwiï×I Ki‡eb bv| e¯‘Z Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK
Avhve|ÕÕ
(KziÕAvb, Avj Bgivb, 03:77)
Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Ddv †hvM K‡ib: ÔGiƒc e¨w³ (Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ) Pig ÔwievÕ ev
my`‡Lvi|Õ
[mnxn, eyLvix]

43
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

Dc‡ii NUbvi gva¨‡g †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK G‡ÿ‡Î
GKUv Uªvqvj ev cixÿvg~jK e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡i‡Q, †hUv bZzb gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K N‡ivqvfv‡e
hvPvB K‡i †`L‡Q| †h gy`ªve¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g m¤ú‡`i •elg¨g~jK Ges eo ai‡bi
cvPvi n‡”Q, m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e Gi gva¨‡g wek¦‡K `Lj Kiv hv‡e| A‡K‡Rv Kv¸‡R-
gy`ªv †_‡K gy`ªv ‣Zwii GB mvaviY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mB cvPvi Pj‡Q| hviv
gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q, Zviv wbw`©ó wKQz †`k‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i, Zvici Zv‡`i‡K
µgvMZ g~j¨n«v‡mi Rv‡j AvU‡K †d‡j| †mme †`‡ki gy`ªv †h‡nZz µgvMZ Zv‡`i
g~j¨ nviv‡”Q, †m wn‡m‡e †mme †`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvK e¨vcKnv‡i m¤ú`nvwb‡Z
†fv‡M| hw`I Zv‡`i ÔÿwZÕ Ab¨‡`i ÔAR©bÕ|
1931 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i `yB eQ‡ii Kg mg‡qi e¨eav‡b weªwUk cvD‡Ûi
g~j¨ 30% n«vm Kiv nq Ges GUv µgvMZ ‡e‡o 1934 mv‡j 40% G †c․Qvq|
G‡K AbymiY K‡i d«vÝ †d«Ý-d«v‡¼i g~j¨ 30% n«vm Kiv nq, BUvwjqvb wjivi g~j¨
41% n«vm Kiv nq Ges myBm-d«v‡¼i g~j¨ 30% n«vm Kiv nq| GKB wRwbm evwK
BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv‡Z Pj‡Z _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î MÖxm evwK BD‡ivc‡K Qvwo‡q hvq
Ges e¨vcKnv‡i g~j¨n«vm K‡i, Zv n‡”Q, 59%|
1930 mv‡ji Ôe¨vMvi `vB †bBfviÕ cwjwmi27 (gy`ªvi g~j¨n«vm K‡i GKwU
†`‡ki ißvbx cÖwZ‡hvMxZv‡K e„w× Kiv, hv‡Z K‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi NvUwZ‡K Kgv‡bv
hvq) cwiYwZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m, Pvwn`vi KgwZ N‡U, eo iK‡gi
†eKvi‡Z¡i ‣Zwi nq Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e wek¦ evwb‡R¨i g›`v N‡U, †hUv Ògnvg›`vÓ
bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| g~jZ GUv AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K (mevi Dci) Pvwc‡q
†`evi c_‡K cÖk¯Í K‡i‡Q| †hUv wek¦ gy`ªv I evwY‡R¨ k„•Ljv Avbvi Ges wek„•Ljv

cÖZviYvi Dci wfwËkxj †jb‡`b (†hgb, evRvi`i‡K evwZj K‡i †`Iqv) GKRb †µZv ev
we‡µZv‡K evRvi a‡ii †P‡q Kg ev †ewk g~‡j¨ cY¨ µq ev wewµ Ki‡Z AbygwZ †`q| dj¯^iƒc,
‡m Ggb jvf ev gybvdv AR©b K‡ib †hUvi b¨vqm½Z cÖvc¨ ‡m wQ‡jv bv| GLvb †_‡K Avgiv GLb
GB wm×v‡šÍ Avm‡Z cvwi †h, cÖZviYvi Dci cªwZwôZ †h‡Kv‡bv †jb‡`b Ges †h e¨emv cÖZviYvi
gva¨‡g Zvi (A_©vr, cÖvc¨ jvf) †_‡K AwaK jvf ev gybvdv evbvq, †mUv‡K Ôwiev ev my`Õ wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡e| Ôwewbg‡qi A‡hvM¨Õ Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi Dci cÖwZwôZ AvR‡Ki AvaywbK gy`ªve¨e¯’v
(†hUv µgk Zvi g~j¨gvb nvivq) n‡”Q, wVK †mB cÖZviYvgq e¨e¯’v, †hUvi gva¨‡g Zviv gybvdv
evbvq A_P GB gy`ªve¨e¯’vi ‣ZwiKvixiv GB (jv‡fi) b¨vqmsMZ AwaKvix bq| Avi ZvB G‡K wiev
ev my` wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
27
beggar thy neighbor GUv g~jZ GKUv A_©‣bwZK cwjwm-Abyev`K

44
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

`~ixf~Z Kivi GKcÖKvi fvb K‡iwQ‡jv| Ab¨K_vq Ôgnvg›`vÕ Ggbfv‡e cwiKwíZ

wQ‡jv, hv‡Z K‡i wek¦ gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡Z k„•Ljv Avbvi ARynvZ‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mevi
Dci GKUv AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v Pvcv‡bvi Dchy³Zv‡K cÖgvY Kiv hvq|
hyMcrfv‡e hLb BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jvi gy`ªv‡Z Pig cÖZviYvc~Y© g~j¨nªv‡mi
GB m‡›`RbK NUbv¸‡jv msNwUZ nw”Q‡jv, wVK †m mgq gymwjg‡`i †R‡M DVv
DwPZ wQ‡jv| BD‡ivcxq Bûw`-wLª÷vb‡`i Kv¸‡R gy`ªvwfwËK e¨e¯’vq †h fqven
ai‡bi wec` gymwjg‡`i Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡”Q, †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i mZK© nIqv DwPZ
wQ‡jv|
ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ ‡eªUb DW‡m ÔKv¸‡R gy`ªv wfwËKÕ AvšÍR©vwZK
gy`ªve¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡i| GLb B‡”Qg‡Zv KvMR Qvcv‡bv hv‡e Ges †mBmv‡_ GB
KvMR¸‡jv‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e Ges m‡ev©cwi Avmj-gy`ªvi28 mv‡_ GB
Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi¸‡jvi Avi wewbgq‡hvM¨29 nIqvi `iKvi †bB, GB †auvKvevwR‡K
Avovj Ki‡Z †eªUb DW‡mi A½xKvibvgv‡Z BDGm Wjvi Ges ¯^‡Y©i ga¨vKvi
m¤úK©‡K GKUv QÙveiY wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †eªUb DW‡mi A½xKvibvgvi
cwiYwZ‡Z 1944 mv‡j AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªv Znwej30 cÖwZwôZ nq †hUvi cwi¯‥vi
KvRB wQ‡jv, GB me Ôwewbg‡qi A‡hvM¨Õ Kv¸‡R gy`ªv‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv| wKš‘ 1971
mv‡j GB QÙveiY cÖKvk n‡q hvq, hLb ÔBDGm Wjvi ¯^‡Y©i wewbgq‡hvM¨Õ31
AvšÍRv© wZK AvB‡bi Aax‡b Kiv GB eva¨Zvg~jK Pzw³ †_‡K hy³ivóª m‡i Av‡m|

28
wbR¯^ g~j¨gvb wewkó gy`ªv|-Abyev`K
29
Avmj gy`ªv n‡”Q ¯^Y© ev †i․c¨gy`ªv| GLb G‡`i ¯’‡j KvMR e¨eüZ n‡e| wKš‘ GB KvMR Qvcv‡bv
n‡e, 1 AvDÝ ¯^Y©=35 BDGm Wjvi GB Abycv‡Z| ‡eªUb DW‡mi GB A½xKvi Avm‡j GKUv
cÖZviYv •e wKQz bq| KviY GKevi hLb KvMR‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e, ZLb B‡”Qg‡Zv
KvMR Qvcv‡bvi my‡hvM G‡m hvq Ges GB Qvcv‡bv cÖwµqv, 1 AvDÝ ¯^Y©=35 BDGm Wjvi, GB
wbqg‡K gvb‡Z eva¨ bq| †K G‡m †`L‡e †h, Avcwb wbqg Abymv‡i Kv¸‡R Wjvi Qvcv‡”Qb| GB
my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q hy³ivóª B‡”Qg‡Zv Wjvi Qvcv‡Z ïiæ K‡i -Abyev`K
30
International Monetary Fund
31
e¨vcviwU Giƒc 1945 mv‡j †eªUb DW‡m AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej cÖwZwôZ nq Ges Zv‡Z
m¤úvw`Z Pzw³‡Z ejv nq: 1 AvDÝ ¯^Y©=35 BDGm Wjvi| †Kvb †`‡ki miKvi PvB‡j Zvi Kv‡Q
Mw”QZ BDGm Wjvi w`‡q hy³iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K mgcwigvY ¯^Y© wb‡q ‡h‡Z cvi‡e| gy`ªv Znwej
G‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ‡h cwigvY ¯^Y© Ab¨vb¨ ivóª Rgv w`‡e, wVK †m cwigvY Wjvi Qvcv‡Z cvi‡e|

45
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

GUv Avð‡h©i welq †h, †m mgq GB bZzb gy`ªve¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K©

gymwjg‡`i‡K mZ©K Kiv Ges Gi we‡ivwaZvq gymwjg‡`i‡K cÖ¯Z ‘ Ki‡Z †Zgb
†Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Bmjvwg cwÛZ wQ‡jvB bv! Bmjv‡gi Av‡j‡giv hw` QÙveiY,
‡hUv BDGm Wjvi wQ‡jv, m¤ú‡K© AÜ n‡q _v‡Kb Ges gy`ªve¨e¯’vi cÖZviYvc~Y©
cÖK…wZ †`L‡Z bv cv‡ib Z‡e 1971 mv‡j †Zv ÔAvBbwm× PzwiÕi j¾v‡K Avovj
Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv QÙveiY Aewkó wQ‡jv bv, Zvic‡iI Bmjvwg cvwÛZ¨, AvaywbK
Kv¸‡R gy`ªv †h ÔnvivgÕ ‡mUv †`L‡Z e¨_©32| dj¯^iƒc, gymwjgiv ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb
wgÎkw³Õi KzL¨vZ gy`ªvi ¸uBmv‡ci M‡Z© AÜfv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q|
ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ ZLbB Dcwb‡e‡ki k„•L‡j Ave× †`k¸‡jv‡K
gy³ K‡i, hLb Zviv G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ nq †h: Dcwb‡ewkKZv-gy³ ABD‡ivcxq
‡`k¸‡jv AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªv Znwe‡ji m`m¨ n‡e| Avi Gi gva¨‡g †mme †`k bZzb
AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi33 gva¨‡g wb:‡kwlZ n‡e|

g‡b Kwi, mKj †`k †h cwigvY ¯^Y© hy³iv‡óªi AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej‡K w`‡jv, Zvi cwigvY 1
‡KvwU AvDÝ| Zvn‡j hy³ivóª Ggb cwigvY Wjvi Qvcv‡Z cvi‡e hvi g~j¨ 1 †KvwU AvD‡Ýi mgvb
n‡e| wKš‘ hy³ivóª GB wbqg bv †g‡b Zv‡`i B‡”Qg‡Zv Wjvi Qvcv‡Z _v‡K, †hUv d«v‡Ýi gva¨‡g
cÖKvk n‡q hvq| ZLb Zviv †eªUb DW‡mi Pzw³ †_‡K m‡i Av‡m| †mUv wQ‡jv 1971 mvj| Wjvi
ZLb k~‡b¨i Dci cÖwZwôZ wQ‡jv, †h‡Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© Wjv‡ii cZb n‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‘ Zv nqwb|
KviY, hy³ivóª ZLb ‡m․w` Avi‡ei gva¨‡g ‡Zj mg„× Avie wek¦ wb‡q I‡cK bvgK msMVb cÖwZôv
K‡i, †hUv ‡NvlYv †`q †h: Wjvi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ ‡Kv‡bv wKQzi wewbg‡q Zviv †Zj ißvwb Ki‡e bv|
G‡Z Wjvi Zvi cZb‡K †VKvq Ges †Zj‡K Zvi bZzb wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i, †hLv‡b Av‡Mi wfwË
wQ‡jv ¯^Y©| G‡Z bZzb GK A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯’vi m~Pbv nq, hvi bvg: †c‡Uªv-Wjv‡ii A_©bxwZ| GB
A_©bxwZ‡K bex (mv.) Gi evYx, Ô‡dvivZ b`x †_‡K ¯^‡Y©i cvnvo †ei n‡eÕ, Zvi mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq|
†hLv‡b †Zj ¯^‡Y©i f~wgKv‡Z ‡b‡g Av‡m| -Abyev`K
32
A_©vr 1971 mv‡j hy³ivó hLb †eªUb DW‡mi Pzw³ †_‡K m‡i Avm‡jv ZLb †Zv GUv cwi¯‥vi,
Wjvi GLb k~‡b¨i Dci cÖwZwôZ, ¯^‡Y©i Dci bq| 1944 mvj †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ Wjv‡ii
wfwË wQ‡jv ¯^‡Y©i Dci| hw`I GUv GKwU cÖZviYvi| Avm‡j Wjv‡ii wfwË †KvbwKQzi DciB
cÖwZwôZ wQ‡jv bv, †h‡nZz hy³ivóª Zv‡`i B‡”Qg‡Zv Wjvi Qvcvq, ¯^‡Y©i gvb`Û‡K cvk KvwU‡q|
d‡j 1944-1971 mvj Aewa ÔWjvi ¯^‡Y©i Dci cÖwZwôZÕ GB Pzw³wU Zv‡`i GB cÖZviYv‡K Avovj
Ki‡Z GwU QÙveiY wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| hLb †eªUb DW‡mi GB Pzw³ evwZj nq, ZLb ‡Zv Avi GB
QÙveiY †bB| Wjv‡ii RvwjqvwZ mevi Kv‡Q cÖKvk n‡q hvevi K_v Ges gymwjg Av‡jg‡`i DwPZ
wQ‡jv, G e¨vcv‡i mKj‡K mRvM Kiv| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm! gymwjg Av‡jgiv GB welqwU
GL‡bv eyS‡Z cv‡iwb -Abyev`K
33
The new international monetary system

46
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

AvBGgG‡di A½xKvibvgv ¯^Y‡© K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡i wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc

34
K‡i‡Q| BDGm Wjvi e¨ZxZ Ab¨mKj Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi m‡½ ¯^‡Y©i m¤úK©‡K wbwl×
K‡i, GB KvRwU Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvBGgG‡di A½xKvibvgvi AvwU©‡Kj-4 Gi †mKkb
2(L)-‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, A½xKvibvgv‡Z AšÍf©~³ _vK‡e: (1) ¯^Y© Qvov Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv
we‡kl Aa¨v‡`k ev gvb`‡Ûi gva¨‡g m`m¨‡`k Zvi gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb wbav©iY Ki‡e
(2) mgevq A½xKvibvgv, †h¸‡jvi gva¨‡g m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i gy`ªvi
g~j¨gv‡bi wfwˇZ wb‡R‡`i gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb wbqš¿Y Ki‡e (3) Ab¨vb¨ GK‡PÄ
e¨e¯’v m`m¨‡`‡ki B”Qvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|35
2002 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡ói Ks‡MÖm m`m¨ ib †cvj BDGm
†UªRvwi wWcv©U‡g›U Ges ‡dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK (‡hUv, cÖvmw½Kfv‡e, GKwU e¨w³-
gvwjKvbvaxb e¨vsK) Df‡qi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvq, †Kb AvBGgGd Zvi m`m¨
‡`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ ¯^Y©wfwËK gy`ªv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q:

m¤§vwbZ g‡nv`qMb,

Avwg AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwe‡ji AvwU©‡Kj-4 Gi †mKkb 2(L)

m¤úwK©Z A½xKvibvgv wb‡q wjLwQ| Avcwb nq‡Zv AeMZ Av‡Qb, GB
Aby‡”Q`wU m`m¨fz³ †h‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki gy`ªvi mv‡_ ¯^‡Y©i m¤úK©‡K wbwl×
K‡i‡Q| Avi GUv †mme †`‡ki Aw¯’wZkxj gy`ªvbxwZ‡K w¯’wZkxj ch©v‡q
Avb‡Z evav w`‡”Q| GB cwjwm GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK wech©q †_‡K
Zvi cybtwbg©vb‡K wejw¤^Z Ki‡Q Ges †mB mv‡_ A_©‣bwZK mg„wׇK
evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q, †hUv A_©‣bwZK I ivR‣bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv‡K e„w×
Ki‡Q|

34
GB †jL‡Ki I‡qe we‡klÁ Zuv‡K GUv Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, AvBGgG‡di †KD GKRb Zvui
I‡qemvB‡Ui wbqwgZ eªvDRvi| ‡jL‡Ki †Kvb fzj n‡q _vK‡j AvBGgGd †h‡bv Zuv‡K ïa‡i †`q|
35
exchange arrangements may include (i) the maintenance by a member of a value for its
currency in terms of the special drawing right or another denominator, Other Than
Gold, selected by the member, or (ii) cooperative arrangements by which members
maintain the value of their currencies in relation to the value of the currency or
currencies of other members, or (iii) other exchange arrangements of a member's choice.

47
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

gvwK©b hy³ivóª †Kb GB åvšÍbxwZ‡K AvM‡j Av‡Q, Avwg BDGm

†UªRvwi wWcv©U‡g›U Ges ‡dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK Df‡qi Kv‡Q GUvi
KviY m¤^wjZ Rev‡ei Avkv KiwQ| G wel‡q Av‡ivI AwaK Z_¨ cvevi
Rb¨ Avgvi AvBwb cwiPvjK Rbve bigvb wm‡½j‡Uv‡bi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM Kiæb| G e¨vcv‡i mn‡hvMxZvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K ab¨ev`|36

ib cj
gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm cÖwZwbwa

GUv jÿYxq †h, BDGm †UªRvwi wWcv©U‡g›U bv GB Aby‡iv‡ai †Kv‡bv

Reve w`‡q‡Q Avi bv w`‡q‡Q ‡dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK| Reve bv †`evi KviY, G
e¨vcv‡i Avm‡j Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv DËi †bB| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †Kej GB GKwU
DËiB i‡q‡Q (Zv n‡”Q): AvBGgG‡di gva¨‡g GB gy`ªve¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e cÖwZwôZ
n‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g †MvUv gvbeRvwZ‡K wQbZvB Kiv hvq Ges P~ovšÍfv‡e †mme
gvby‡li Dci A_©‣bwZK †Mvjvgx Pvwc‡q †`Iqv hvq, hv‡`i‡K AvR‡Ki wek¦
kvmbKvix ÒBûw` I wLª÷vb PµÓ Uv‡M©U K‡i‡Q|
bZzb Ges AvRe gy`ªvMZ cwifvlv m¤^wjZ bZzb AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v
cÖwZôv‡Z AvBGgGd e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Ges gymwjgiv Ggb cwifvlvi mvg‡b G‡m
`uvovq †hUvi gy‡LvgywL Zviv KL‡bv nqwb| †jvKvj (†ccvi) Kv‡iwÝ37, ‡hUv GKwU

36 Dear Sirs:
I am writing regarding Article 4, Section 2b of the International Monetary Fund
(IMF)'s Articles of Agreement. As you may be aware, this language prohibits countries
who are members of the IMF from linking their currency to gold. Thus, the IMF is
forbidding countries suffering from an erratic monetary policy from adopting the most
effective means of stabilizing their currency. This policy could delay a country's recovery
from an economic crisis and retard economic growth, thus furthering economic and
political instability.
I would greatly appreciate an explanation from both the Treasury and the Federal
Reserve of the reasons the United States has continued to acquiesce in this misguided
policy. Please contact Mr. Norman Singleton, my legislative director, if you require any
further information regarding this request. Thank you for your cooperation in this
matter.
Ron Paul
U.S. House of Representatives
37
local (paper) currency

48
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

†`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq, Ges d‡iBb GK‡PÄ38, †hUv
†`‡ki evwn‡i evwY‡R¨i gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq, GB `y‡Uvi gv‡S AvKvk-cvZvj
cwigvY cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| dj¯^iƒc, gvj‡qwkqvi gymwjgiv hw` B‡›`‡bwkqvi
gymwjg‡`i Kv‡Q gvjvgvj, cY¨`ªe¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pvq, ‡m‡ÿ‡Î g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z
n‡j B‡›`v‡bwkqv‡K d‡iBb G·‡PÄ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †jb‡`‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î
GB d‡iBb G·‡PÄ †Kej BD‡ivcxq Kv¸‡R gy`ªv ev BDGm Wjv‡i mxgve×|
Ggbfv‡e dvu` cvZv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z K‡i Giƒc BD‡ivcxq gy`ªvi Pvwn`v †h‡bv Wjv‡ii
g‡Zv K‡i e„w× cvq, †hUv ciewZ©‡Z nvW© Kv‡iwÝ39 wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ nq| hZw`b
ch©šÍ ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb PµÕ Zv‡`i gy`ªvi GB Pvwn`v‡K a‡i ivL‡e, ZZw`b
Zv‡`i‡K †Kej GKwU KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡”Q: †Kej KvMR Qvcv‡bv|
Gi gva¨‡g Zviv k~b¨ †_‡K m¤ú` •Zwi K‡i hv‡e|
GB mgMÖ e¨e¯’vwUi wcQ‡b †h kqZvbx †K․kj KvR K‡i‡Q, Zvi Kg©aviv
n‡”Q: cwðgv gy`ªv I Zv‡`i mn‡hvMx †`k¸‡jvi gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb‡K Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki
gy`ªvi g~j¨gv‡bi Zzjbvq µgea©gvb e„wׇZ ivLv| GB KvRwU m¤úbœ nq: cÖ‡jvf‡bi
gva¨‡g A_ev Uv‡M©U Kiv †`k¸‡jvi gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb‡K †Rvi K‡i Kgv‡bvi mnR
Dcv‡qi gva¨‡g| ‡h‡nZz Gme gy`ªv¸‡jvi g~j¨gvb n«vm cvq, †m‡nZz RbM‡bi m¤ú`
eo AvKv‡i D”P‡kÖYxi Kv‡Q cvPvi n‡q hvq| GUv kÖwgK‡`i‡K ÔµxZ`v‡mi
gRyixÕ‡Z KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ K‡i hviv Òme©`v
FY w`‡Z B”QzKÓ AvBGgGd Ges BD‡ivcxqvb Kg©vwkqvj e¨vsK †_‡K nvW©
Kv‡iwÝi gva¨‡g †jvb (FY) †bq| ciewZ©‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K fqven wec‡`i
gv‡S †`L‡Z cvq (hLb eyS‡Z cv‡i) my`mn G FY cwi‡kva Zv‡`i c‡ÿ Am¤¢e|
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Ggb djvdj jv‡fi Rb¨B, AvBGgGd †Kw›`ªK m¤ú~Y© gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K GB
we‡kl Avw½‡K mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Uv‡M©U Kiv †`k¸‡jv eo ai‡bi F‡Yi Rv‡j
AvUKv c‡o, Zv‡`i m¤ú` µgk ‡kvwlZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges µgvMZ Ôg~j¨nviv‡bvi
gy`ªvÕ w`‡q FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© nIqvi `iæb Zviv wb:¯^ n‡q c‡o| GB me
NUbv nVvr K‡iB N‡Uwb|

38
foreign exchange
39
hard currency, ‡h‡nZz mKj †ÿ‡Î Wjvi I Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq Kv¸‡R gy`ªv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
ivL‡Q ZvB Giv nvW© Kv‡iwÝ, Ab¨¸‡jv nvW© Kv‡iwÝ bq| hw`I Df‡qB KvM‡Ri •Zwi|-Abyev`K

49
 gnv-cwiKíbv Ges ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ

me‡k‡l, me‡P‡q auvauv‡bv e¨vcviwU n‡”Q, d«¨vKkbvj wiRvf© e¨vswKs‡qi

gva¨‡g Kv¸‡R gy`ªvwfwËK GB bZzb AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªve¨e¯’vwU e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Rb¨
mnRjf¨ K‡i w`‡q‡Q: my‡`i Dci A_©avi †`Iqv‡K, †h A_© Av`‡Z Zv‡`i Kv‡QB
†bB40| GUvI Av‡iKwU ÔAvBbwm× RvwjqvwZÕ| Avwg m‡›`n KiwQ, Bmjv‡gi
gydwZiv bv †ev‡S d«¨vKkbvj wiRvf© e¨vswKs, Avi eBwU‡Z mswÿßfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ
AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªvbxwZi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© bv Av‡Q Zv‡`i ‡LuvR-Lei|41 ÔB‡jKUªwbK
gy`ªvÕ hLb Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi ¯’vb cy‡ivcywi `Lj Ki‡e Ges Gi gva¨‡g A‣ea
gy`ªve¨e¯’vwU hLb wb‡R‡K c~Y©Zv w`‡e, Avwg fq KiwQ Gme gydwZiv ZLb
ÔB‡jKUªwbK gy`ªvÕ‡KI nvjvj d‡Zvqv w`‡e|
Kv‡iwÝ GK‡PÄ †imwUªKkb‡K42 evavMÖš’ Kivi mywbw`©ó G‡RÛv wb‡q
AvBGgGd cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, †hUv (Kv‡iwÝ GK‡PÄ †imwUªKkb) Uv‡M©UK…Z †`‡ki
gy`ªvi µgvMZ g~j¨n«vm‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| †mRb¨ AvBGgG‡di A½xKvibvgv‡Z
†NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q:
Ò... Kv‡iwÝ GK‡PÄ †imwUªKkb‡K wbg©~j Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡iv, †hUv wek¦
evwYR¨‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i|Ó
Kv‡iwÝ GK‡PÄ †imwUªKk‡bi wbg©~j Uv‡M©UK…Z gy`ªv‡K A_©‣bwZK
Avµg‡Yi gy‡LvgywL Ki‡e, †hUv AcÖZ¨vwkZ jv‡fi c_‡K myMg Ki‡e ‡h‡nZz
gy`ªvwU Zvi g~j¨gvb nviv‡Z _vK‡e|
‡eªUb DW‡mi m‡¤§j‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ bZzb AvšÍRv© wZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v
gymwjg wek¦mn cy‡iv gvbeRvwZ‡K wPi¯’vqx `vwi‡`ªi KvivMv‡i Ges Abv_AvkÖ‡g
AvUKv‡Z BwZg‡a¨B mÿg n‡q‡Q| Z`cywi hLb B‡jKwUªK gy`ªv Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi ¯’vb

40
e¨vcviwU Giƒct Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q 1000 UvKv| Avwg Avcbv‡K eo‡Rvo 1000 UvKv avi w`‡Z
cvi‡ev| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB AvWg Avcbv‡K 2000/3000/10,000 UvKv avi w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wKš‘
e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v GB KvRwU K‡i hv‡”Q| hv‡K ejv nq, d«¨vKkbvj wiRvf© e¨vswKs| GUv †h RvwjqvwZ
Zv eyS‡Z wcGBPwW jv‡M bv -Abyev`K
41
G mg¯Í gydwZ‡`i we`¨vi †`․o `vwo-Uzwc, †KvZ©v-cvqRvgv, wewe-ZvjvK, wPjøv Avi BR‡Zgv
ch©šÍB mxgve×| we`¨vi †`․o bv hZ †c‡Ui cwiwa Zvi PvB‡ZI †ewk| wb‡Riv †Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡e
bv Avi Ab¨‡KI Rvb‡Z w`‡Z Zv‡`i hZ wnsmv| cUvcU d‡Zvqv w`‡q e‡m| AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi
fqvenZv Dcjwä G‡`i c‡ÿ Av‡`․I m¤¢e bq -Abyev`K
42
foreign exchange restrictions

50
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

`Lj Ki‡e, Giƒc e¨e¯’v ZLb (fqven) A_©‣bwZK `vmZ¡‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡e| G
e¨vcv‡i gymwjg‡`i‡K mwVKfv‡e mvov w`‡Z n‡e, hw` Zviv KL‡bv GB A_©‣bwZK
`vm‡Z¡i k„•Lj †_‡K †ei n‡Z Hk¦wiK mnvqZv Kvgbv K‡i| †mB cÖwZwµqv Kx
n‡Z cv‡i? ‡Kv_v †_‡K Zviv Zv Avi¤¢ Ki‡e?

51
 Aa¨vq: 05
Avgv‡`i KiYxq

53
 Avgv‡`i KiYxq

b ex †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi mybœvn&‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i gymwjgiv ÒBûw` wLª÷vb P‡µÓi

¸uBmv‡ci M‡Z© cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q, GB mZ¨Uv hLb Zviv Dcjw× Ki‡Z cvi‡e
ZLb Zv‡`i cÖv_wgK mvov nIqv DwPZ, cybivq (mybœvn&‡Z) wd‡i Avmv Ges
nviv‡bv mybœvn&‡K cybiæ×vi Kiv| Dciš‘, ¯^Y© gy`ªv Ôw`bviÕ Ges †i․c¨gy`ªv
Ôw`inv‡gÕi mybœvn&wU hLb `„pfv‡e KziÕAv‡b cÖwZwôZ i‡q‡Q, ZLb Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B
gnvb Avjøvn&i wbK‡U ÿgv wfÿv PvB‡Z n‡e Ges Avjøvn&-Zvqvjvi ÿgv jv‡fi Rb¨
†mB nviv‡bv mybœvn&wU‡K cybtcÖwZôvi K‡Vvi msMÖv‡g wb‡R‡`i‡K wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zv‡`i Kx Kiv DwPZ?

cÖ_g avc:
¯^Y© Ges †i․c¨gy`ªv Qvcv‡bv ev •Zwi gymwjg‡`i agx©q dihmg~n, †hgb:
hvKvZ Av`vq Kiv, †gvni (weev‡ni mgq K‡b‡K †`Iqv †h․ZzK), n‡¾i A_© msMÖn
BZ¨vw` KvR mgvav Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Dciš‘ Gme gy`ªv ÔmwÂZ g~j¨Õ wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i Ges abx‡`i m¤ú`‡K m¤ú`nvbx, †hUv Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi g~j¨n«v‡mi gva¨‡g
N‡U, †_‡K iÿvi GKUv wbf©i‡hvM¨ gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| ¯^Yg© y`ªv Qvcv‡bv Ges
Zv‡`i‡K wewµi Rb¨ evRv‡i ivLv Mwie I wb:¯^ RbM‡bi Rb¨ mvgvb¨ ¯^:w¯Í wb‡q
Avm‡e, hv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU ¯^Y©gy`ªv w`bvi µq I mÂq KivUv K‡ói e¨vcvi|
hvB‡nvK, ¯^Y©gy`ªv I †i․c¨gy`ªv Qvcv‡bv Ges †m¸‡jv‡K wewµi Rb¨ evRv‡i ivLv
wbwðZfv‡e Mbwkÿvi cÖwµqv‡K mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡Z e¨vcK mnvqK n‡e|
¯^Y© I †i․c¨gy`ªv hLb evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges Ô‡jb‡`‡bi gva¨gÕ Ges
Ôg~‡j¨i cwigvcKÕ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Ki‡e, ZLbB mybœvn&-gy`ªv cybtcÖwZwôZ
n‡e| Giƒc gy`ªv ZvrÿwYKfv‡e Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi RvwjqvwZ‡K ev †Mvgi‡K duvm K‡i
w`‡e| g~jbxwZwU n‡”Q, Avmj gy`ªv ‡fRvj gy`ªvi gy‡Lvk Ly‡j †`q| Avkv Kiv hvq,
AvR‡Ki wek¦K kvmbKvix ÔBûw` I wLª÷vb wgÎkw³Õ I gymwjg we‡k¦ Zv‡`i
K¬v‡q›Uiv Ges mvaviYfv‡e e¨vswKs `ywbqv, ¯^Y© I iƒcv‡K •ea ev wjMvj †UÛvi
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`evi ‡h cÖ‡Póv‡Z Avgiv Ask wb‡ev Zv‡Z evav w`‡e|

54
 ¯^Y© w`bvi I †i․c¨ w`invg -Bmjvg I fwel¨r gy`ªve¨e¯’v

dj¯^iƒc gy`ªvi GB `y`©kvi w`‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK mvov wn‡m‡e wjMvj

ev •ea †UÛvi AvB‡bi w`‡K `„wó w`‡Z n‡e, †hUv ¯^Y© I ‡i․c¨gy`ªv‡K wjMvj †UÛvi
wn‡m‡e e¨envi‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| RbMb‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GB cÖkwœ U Ki‡Z n‡e,
gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Ôw`bv‡iÕi e¨envi wbwl× ‡Kb? we‡k¦i ‡Kv‡bv miKviB GB cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z cvi‡e bv, †h‡nZz AvBGgGdB GB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z AcviM|
A‣bwZK I AZ¨vPvic~Y© AvB‡bi weiæ‡× cÖwZwµqv e¨³ Kiv‡K msMÖv‡gi
AvKv‡i Pvwj‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Avi †m msMÖvg cwiPvwjZ n‡e †gvnv¤§` (mv.) Ab¨v‡qi
weiæ‡× †h msMÖvg cwiPvwjZ K‡i‡Qb ‡mB Ô‡K․kjMZ mybœvn&‡KÕ‡K AbymiY K‡i|
‡mB mybœvn& Avgv‡`i‡K wkÿv w`‡”Q †h, ivR‣bwZK Ges A_©‣bwZK AZ¨vPvi
cÖwZ‡iva msMÖv‡gi cÖ_g avc n‡”Q Mbwkÿv Kvh©µg| GB eBwU †mB D‡Ïk¨‡K
mvg‡b †i‡LB wjwLZ|
hvB‡nvK AwaKvsk gymwjgivB AvR‡Ki Kv¸‡R gy`ªvi RvwjqvwZc~Y©
cÖK…wZ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e bv, hZÿY bv Bmjv‡gi Av‡jgiv GB welqwU
eyS‡Z cvi‡Q Ges Giƒc gy`ªvi ‣eaZvi Rb¨ †Rvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡”Q| GUv Av‡ivI
DcKvix n‡e hLb gymwjiv bex (mv.)-Gi ‡mme nvw`m‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e,
†hLv‡b wZwb Ggb GKUv hy‡Mi e¨vcv‡i mZ©K K‡i‡Qb hLb Bmjv‡gi Av‡jgiv
Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Ggbfv‡e wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡e †h, Zviv n‡e ÔAvmgv‡bi wb‡P
me‡P‡q wbK…ó Rv‡bvqviÕ Ges hLb ÔBmjv‡gi ïaygvÎ bvg e¨ZxZ wKQzB wU‡K
_vK‡e bvÕ| bex (mv.) e‡jb:
ÒGUv Lye `~ieZx© bq †h, †m mgq G‡m co‡e hLb Bmjv‡gi bvg Qvov
†Kv‡bv wKQzB evwK _vK‡e bv, †jLv Qvov KziÕAv‡bi †Kv‡bv wKQzB evwK
_vK‡e bv| (‡m mgq) gmwR`¸‡jv wekvj `vjvb wn‡m‡e c‡o _vK‡e
wKš‘ †m¸‡jv n‡e †n`v‡qZ k~Y¨ Ges (‡m mgq) Av‡jgiv n‡e
Avmgv‡bi wb‡P me‡P‡q wbK…ó Rv‡bvqvi| Zv‡`i †_‡K wdZbv †ei n‡e
Ges Zv Zv‡`i w`‡KB wd‡i hv‡e|Ó43

‫مي‬ ‫ى من ال ر ن‬ ‫ا مي‬ ‫ى من إلا م‬ ‫الىاا مان‬ ‫ وا أن ي‬43

‫يهم‬ ‫لماؤ م أار من ح أ م السماا منهم دأ ال ى‬ ‫مسا د م امر هي آراب من الهد‬
‫و‬

55
 Avgv‡`i KiYxq

[mybvb, wZiwgwh]

wØZxq avc:
‡mB msMÖv‡gi wØZxq avc n‡Z cv‡i, wew”Qbœ MÖvgvÂj| †mLv‡b Kv¸‡R
gy`ªv I B‡jKUªwbK gy`ªv hv‡Z cÖ‡ek bv K‡i Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc,
B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rvfv DcØx‡ci avb-Pvlx‡`i‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv GB
`vex K‡i †h: Pv‡ji wewbg‡q Zv‡`i‡K Ôw`bviÕ w`‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î †µZviv hw`
Ôw`bv‡iÕ g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv ivwR nq, ZLb Pvlxiv Zv‡`i Pvj/PvDj-‡K
wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e Pvj/PvDj-gy`ªv wn‡m‡e
e¨eüZ n‡e| gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Pvj/PvD‡ji e¨envi n‡e ÿY¯’vqx gvb`‡Ûi Ges GUv
gvB‡µv ev ‡QvU †jb‡`b¸‡jv‡Z KvR Ki‡e| GB cÖwµqvq AšÍZc‡ÿ, gvB‡µv ev
†QvU †jb‡`b †ÿÎwU Ômybœvn& gy`ªvÕ w`‡q Kv¸‡R I B‡jKUªwbK gy`ªv‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ
Ki‡e|
kni¸‡jv B‡jKUªwbK gy`ªvi Rv‡j AvU‡K _vK‡e hZw`b BqvÔRyR gvRyR
wek¦ kvmb Ki‡Q|44 Z_vwc Ômybœvn& gy`ªvÕ wew”Qbœ MÖvgvÂj †_‡K kn‡ii w`‡K µgk
GwM‡q hv‡e, hZÿY bv gnvbex (mv.)-Gi fwel¨revYx ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q:
Avey eKi Be‡b Avwe gwiqg n‡Z ewY©Z †h, wZwb ï‡b‡Qb Avjøvn&i bex
(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e‡jb:
ÒwbwðZfv‡e gvbeRvwZi Dci kxNªB Ggb GKUv mgq Avm‡e, hLb
w`bvi (¯^Y©gy`ªv) I w`invg (†i․c¨gy`ªv) e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv wKQzB Avi Kv‡R
Avm‡e bv|Ó45
[gymbv`, Avng`]

(evsjv Abyev` mgvß)

44
BqvÔRyR gvRyR welqwU Rvbvi Rb¨ ‘Jerusalem in the Qur’an’ G GKwU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q Ges
Av‡ivI we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z †`Lyb An Islamic View of Gog and Magog in the Modern Age
(Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z AvaywbK hy‡M BqvRyR I gvRyR)|
ّ َّ ‫ان َ َ ْى َ ُ يي‬
ّ َ ُ ‫الد َىا‬ َّ َ َ َّ َ ْ َ َ ‫ َ ْ ُ َ ُ َل َّ َ َّ َّ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ ُل‬45
‫الىاا َ َم ٌن‬
‫الد ْ َ ُم‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫اللي لي ِي لم و لي ِ ن‬ ‫و الل ِي‬ ‫ِم‬

56
 46
cwiwkó :

Bmjvg, gyivevnv Ges wd·W

wW‡cvwRU

46
GwU g~j eB‡Z wQ‡jv bv, wKš‘ Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡ePbv K‡i cwiwkó wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| GB
iPbvwU †kL Bgivb bhi †nv‡m‡bi GKwU †QvU cÖeÜ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q|

57
 ‫‪Bmjvg, gyivevnv Ges wd·W wW‡cvwRU‬‬

‫|‪Bmjvg wiev‡Z (my`) A_©cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³i47 weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q‬‬

‫‪G‡Kev‡i †k‡li w`‡K bvwhj Kiv KziÕAv‡bi Avqv‡Z (evKviv 2:279) GB †NvlYv‬‬
‫‪i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Zv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:‬‬

‫ند َرِِّّبِ ْم َو َ‬ ‫﴿ٱلَّ ِ ِ‬

‫َّها ِر ِ ّاًا َو َالَنِيَةًا َ َ ُه ْم أَ ْ ُ ُى ْم ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ين يُْنف ُقو َن أ َْم َوا َُ ْم بٱلَّْي ِل َوٱلن َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف َي ِهم و َ ىم َ لنُو َن ٱلَّ ِين يأْ ُ ُو َن ٱلِّبا َ ي ُقومو َن إِ َّ َ ا ي ُقوم ٱلَّ ِ‬
‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َخ ْو ٌل َ ْ ْ َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬
‫ك بِأَن َُّه ْم َالُۤواْ إََِّّنَا ٱلَْ ْي ُع ِم ْ ُل ٱلِّبَا َوأَ َ َّل ٱلَّوُ ٱلَْ ْي َع‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫س ٰذ ل َ‬ ‫يَتَ َخَّطُوُ ٱللَّْيطَا ُن م َن ٱلْ َ ِّ‬
‫ف َوأ َْمُهُ إِ ََل ٱلَّ ِو َوَم ْن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َ َّ َم ٱلِّبَا َ َ ن َ اَهُ َم ْو َةٌل ِّم ْن َّربِّو َٱنْتَ َه ٰذ َ َوُ َما َ َ َ‬
‫ٱلص َد َ ِ‬
‫ات‬ ‫اب ٱلنَّا ِر ُى ْم ِ َيها َخالِ ُدو َن ْيَْ َح ُق ٱلَّوُ ٱلِّْبَا َويُْ ِ َّ‬ ‫َا َح ُ‬ ‫كأ ْ‬ ‫َ َاد َأ ُْولَٰذِ َ‬
‫ٱلصالَةَ‬‫ات َوأََ ُامواْ َّ‬ ‫اْل ِ‬ ‫وٱلَّو َ ُِ ُّب ُ َّل َ فَّا ٍر أَِي ٍم إِ َّن ٱلَّ ِين منواْ و ِ ُواْ َّ ِ‬
‫ٱلص َ‬ ‫َ َُ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ين‬ ‫َّ ِ‬ ‫ند رِِّّبِم و َ َخو ٌل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو تَ ُواْ َّ‬
‫ف َ َْيه ْم َو َ ُى ْم َْ َلنُو َن يٰذأَيُّب َها ٱل َ‬ ‫ٱللَ اةَ َُ ْم أَ ْ ُ ُى ْم َ َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ني َِن ََّّل تَ ْف ُواْ َأْ َنُواْ ِِبَ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َمنُواْ ٱتَّ ُقواْ ٱلَّوَ َو َ ُرواْ َما بَق َ م َن ٱلِّبَا إِن ُ ْنتُ ْم ُّبم ْؤمن َ‬
‫وا أ َْم َوالِ ُك ْم َ تَ ِْ ُ و َن َو َ تُ َْ ُ و َن َوإِن َ ا َن‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫َّ ِ‬
‫ِّم َن ٱل و َوَر ُ ولو َوإ ْن تُْتُ ْم َ َ ُك ْم ُرُ ُ‬
‫ص َّد ُواْ َخْي ٌل لَّ ُك ْم إِن ُ ْنتُ ْم تَ ْ َ ُ و َن َوٱتَّ ُقواْ يَ ْوماًا‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُو ُ ْ َةٍ َنَ َةٌل إِ َ ٰذَل َمْي َ َةٍ َوأَن تَ َ‬
‫س َّما َ َ َ ْ َوُى ْم َ يُ َْ ُ و َن﴾‬ ‫تُ ْ َ ُو َن ِ ِيو إِ ََل ٱلَّ ِو َُّ تُ َو َّٰذِف ُ ُّبل نَ ْف ٍ‬

‫‪Ò†Zvgiv hviv Cgvb G‡bQ, Avjøvn&&‡K fq K‡iv Avi wiev‡Z hv e‡Kqv‬‬

‫¨‪i‡q‡Q Zv †Q‡o `vI (A_©vr Ôwd·W wW‡cvwRU ev my‡` LvUv‡bv Ab‬‬
‫‪†h‡Kv‡bv †jb‡`b) hw` †Zvgiv mwZ¨B gywgb n‡q _vK| †Zvgiv hw` Zv bv‬‬
‫‪K‡iv (‡Zvgvi my‡`i cvIbv `vex Av`v‡q †Rvi w`‡q _v‡Kv) Z‡e Avjøvn& I‬‬

‫‪47‬‬
‫‪money-lender‬‬

‫‪58‬‬
 cwiwkó

Avjøvn&i im~‡ji c¶ †_‡K hy‡×i †NvlYv MÖnY K‡iv| wKš‘ †Zvgiv hw`
(Giƒc `vex †_‡K) wd‡i Av‡mv Zvn‡j ‡Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i (wd·W wW‡cvwRU
Ges Ab¨vb¨ FYmg~‡ni) g~jab wd‡i cv‡e| Ab¨vqfv‡e †jb‡`b K‡iv bv,
Ges †Zvgv‡`i mv‡_I Giƒc †jb‡`b n‡Z w`‡qv bv|
hw` (Zzwg †Zvgvi my‡`i Ask Z¨vM K‡iv Ges Zvic‡iI) FYMÖnxZv‡K
(g~jab cwi‡kv‡a, †hUv FYMÖnxZv‡K my‡` avi †`Iqv n‡qwQ‡jv) KwVbZi
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cvI, Z‡e mgq `vI hZ¶Y bv FY‡kva Kiv Zvi Rb¨ mnR
nq| wKš‘ hw` †Zvgiv Zv `vb wn‡m‡e †Q‡o `vI, †mUv m‡e©vËg hw` †Zvgiv
Zv Rvb‡Z|
Ges (my‡` A_©avi †`Iqvi GB wel‡q) fq K‡iv †mB w`b‡K, †hw`b
†Zvgv‡`i Avjøvn&i Kv‡Q wdwi‡q Avbv n‡e, ZLb cÖwZwU gvbyl hv DcvR©b
K‡i‡Q Zv jvf Ki‡e Ges Kv‡iv cÖwZ AwePvi Kiv n‡e bv|Ó
(KyiÕAvb, evKviv, 2:274-281)
bex (mv.) D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb: Ô‡h e¨vw³ wievi gva¨‡g GK w`invg
(‡i․c¨gy`ªv Ges ‡hUvi g~j¨ K‡qK Wjv‡ii mgvb) †fvM Ki‡jv ‡m †h‡bv 36 evi
whbv Ki‡jvÓ| wZwb (mv.) e‡j‡Qb: Òwievi 70wU fvM i‡q‡Q, Zvi wfZi me‡P‡q
Kg wec¾bK fvMwU n‡”Q GKRb gvby‡li Zvi wb‡Ri gv‡K we‡q (A_©vr msmM©)
Kivi mgZ~j¨Ó| wZwb (mv.), ÒPviR‡bi mKj‡K Awfkvc w`‡q‡Qb Ges †NvlYv
K‡i‡Qb Zviv mevB mgvb Acivax: hviv wiev (my`) †bq (A_©vr Ômy‡` A_©avi
cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³Õ), †h my` †`q (A_©vr †h my‡` avi ev †jvb †bq), †h GB Kvievi
msiÿY K‡i ev wj‡L _v‡K (e¨vs‡Ki Kg©Pvixe„›`), Ges `yB mvÿxÓ|
50 eQi Av‡M Avgvi wÎwY`v` Ges †Uvev‡Mvi gymwjg m¤úª`vq nvRx
iKzbDwÏb (Avjøvn& Zuvi Dci ing Kiæb) g‡Zv †bZv Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| wZwb
Ggb †bZv wQ‡jb whwb Bmjvg‡K Rvb‡Zb Ges †g‡b Pj‡Zb| wVK †m mgq my‡`
A_©avi cÖ`vbKvix GK gymwjg e¨vw³ †mLv‡b Av‡m| Avgv‡`i †bZv mev©Z¥K cÖ‡Póv
Pvjvb hv‡Z †m Zvi A_©avi †`Iqv eÜ K‡i| hLb wZwb Zv‡Z e¨_© ‡nvb, ZLb
wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K gymwjg‡K ‡m e¨vw³i evwo‡Z Lvevi †L‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| gymwjg
m¤úª`vq Zv‡`i †bZvi GB Av‡`k †g‡b P‡j|

59
 Bmjvg, gyivevnv Ges wd·W wW‡cvwRU

wKš‘ mgq e`‡j †M‡Q Avi Avgv‡`i wÎwY`v‡`i gymwjg m¤ú`ªvq, nv‡Z
†Mvbv K‡qKRb e¨ZxZ, Ggb †jvK I Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZK Av‡jg‡`i Øviv
GLb cwiPvwjZ nq, hviv bv Rv‡b Bmjvg Avi bv Zv Abyhvqx Rxeb hvcb K‡i|
GgbwK GLv‡bi gymwjg †bZviv my‡` A_©avi cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡i
Ges Zv‡`i A_©‡K D”P wd·W wW‡cvwR‡U AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv evRv‡i Rgv K‡i|
Gici Zviv Zv‡`i ùxZ †PK eB¸‡jv‡K, †hUv RbM‡bi i³we›`yi mv‡_ Ryjyg K‡i
Zviv jvf K‡i‡Q, BmjvwgK cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi mfvcwZ n‡Z Nyl wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i|
cïi eyw×-m¤úbœ †jv‡Kiv AZtci (†PKeB‡qi) GBme †bZv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i •ea
†bZv wn‡m‡e †g‡b †bq| GgbwK wÎwb`v‡`i Bmjvwg Av‡jgM‡bi G e¨vcv‡ii mv‡_
Ggbfv‡e RwoZ †h, hLb wÎwY`v`xqvb e¨vsK C`yj wdZi Dcj‡ÿ GKUv Abyôvb
Av‡qvRb K‡i, ZLb GKRb Bgvg, whwb gIjvbv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ, GB Abyôv‡b
e³e¨ ivLvi cÖ¯vÍ e MÖnY K‡ib, AZtci Zvi Qwe e¨vsK Kg©KZv©‡`i mv‡_ †cvR
†`Iqv Ae¯’vq ‣`wbK msev`c‡Îi c„ôv‡Z Av‡m| dj¯^iƒc wiev (my`) m¤úwK©Z
Hk¦wiK wb‡lavÁv m¤ú‡K© AÁZv e¨vcKnv‡i †e‡o‡Q Ges me‡P‡q Lvivc n‡”Q,
GB weavbwU‡K bm¨vr Kiv n‡”Q|48
mswÿß GB cÖe‡Ü Avgiv Ôwd·W wW‡cvwRUÕ Ges †mB mv‡_ Z_vKw_Z
ÔgyivevnvÕ †jb‡`‡bi w`‡K mivmwi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡ev: GUv Avm‡j my‡` A_©avi
†`Iqv RvZxq †jb‡`‡bi gv‡S c‡o|
Bmjv‡g wiev (my`) wbwl× Zvi g~j KviY n‡”Q: Zzwg hw` Pvl bv K‡iv,
Z‡e Zzwg dj cv‡e bv| Avi GUv gy`ªvi ÔmgqwfwËK g~‡j¨Õi wg_¨v `vex‡K cÖZ¨vLvb
K‡i| cÖK…Z e¨emvwqK †jb‡`‡b wbwnZ SuywK ev kÖwgK wb‡qvM e¨ZxZ gy`ªv KL‡bv
mg‡qi e¨eav‡b wbR †_‡K e„w× cv‡e bv|
bex (mv.) †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, A‡_©i wewbg‡q A‡_©i †jb‡`b Aek¨B mgvb
n‡Z n‡e A_©¨vr A‡_©i cwigv‡Y †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Kg‡ewk n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wZwb (mv.)
†NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, Giƒc Amg †jb‡`b n‡”Q wiev (my`) {†Kbbv GB †jb‡`b mg‡qi
e¨eav‡b A_© †e‡o hvq, GB aviYv‡K cÖk¯Í K‡i}| Bmjvg Av‡ivI †Rvi †`q †h,

48
GUv †hgb wÎwb`v‡`i Rb¨ mZ¨ †Zgbwb mgMÖ gymwjg we‡k¦i †ejvqI mZ¨| wKš‘ Avgiv e‡m
e‡m nvjyqv LvIqv, wPjøv, MvkZ, BR‡Zgv wb‡q gvZvgvwZ‡Z e¨¯Í| Avi GUvB Avgv‡`i Cgvb|-
Abyev`K

60
 cwiwkó

mKj †jb‡`‡b SzuwK _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡Z jvf A_ev ÿwZI _vK‡e| Avjøvn&-
Zvqvjv Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K m¤ú` wb‡q Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q e›Ub I cybte›Ub Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| GB c×wZ‡Z abxiv wPiKvj abx _v‡K bv, Avi Mwieiv wPiKvj `vwi‡`ªi
k„•L‡j AvU‡K _v‡K bv|
DBwjqvb †k·wcqi Zuvi Ôgv‡P©›U Ae †fwbmÕ49 wk‡ivbv‡gi weL¨vZ bvU‡K
wiev‡K Ôi‡³i UzK‡ivÕi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| bex (mv.) GK ¯^‡cœ Ômy‡` A_©avi
cÖ`vbKvixÕ e¨vw³‡K Ôi³ Lv`KÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| †h‡nZz †mB e¨vw³
i‡³i b`x‡Z `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| Avgiv Av‡MB D‡jøL K‡iwQ, bex (mv.) PviRb e¨vw³i
mevB‡K Awfkvc w`‡q‡Qb: †h wiev Ô†bqÕ, wiev Ô†`qÕ, Giƒc †jb‡`b‡K ÔmsiÿY
K‡i ev wj‡LÕ, Ges Ô`yBRb mvÿxÕ| †h bex (mv.)-Gi Awfkvc wb‡q gviv hvq,
Zviv KL‡bvB Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b †_‡K euvP‡Z cvi‡e bv| KziÕAvb wb‡RB †NvlYv
K‡i‡Q, Ômy‡` A_©avi cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³Õiv Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b R¡j‡e:

‫وم ٱلَّ ِ يَتَ َخَّطُوُ ٱللَّْيطَا ُن ِم َن‬ ُ ‫ومو َن إِ َّ َ َ ا يَ ُق‬ ُ ‫ين يَأْ ُ ُو َن ٱلِّبَا َ يَ ُق‬
ِ َّ
َ ‫﴿ٱل‬
ِ ِ
ُ‫ك بِأَن َُّه ْم َالُۤواْ إََِّّنَا ٱلَْ ْي ُع م ْ ُل ٱلِّبَا َوأَ َ َّل ٱلَّوُ ٱلَْ ْي َع َو َ َّ َم ٱلِّبَا َ َ ن َ اَه‬
َ ‫س ٰذ ل‬
ِّ َ ْ‫ٱل‬
‫اب‬
ُ ‫َا َح‬ْ ‫كأ‬ َ ِ‫ف َوأ َْمُهُ إِ ََل ٱلَّ ِو َوَم ْن َ َاد َأ ُْولَٰذ‬ ِ
َ َ َ ‫َم ْو َةٌل ِّم ْن َّربِّو َٱنْتَ َه ٰذ َ َوُ َما‬
ِ
﴾‫ٱلنَّا ِر ُى ْم ِ َيها َخالِ ُدو َن‬
Òhviv my` Lvq Zviv (wePvi w`e‡m Avjøvn&i mvg‡b) ‡m e¨vw³i g‡Zv `uvov‡e
hv‡`i‡K kqZvb ¯úk© K‡i cvMj evwb‡q‡Q| GUv G Rb¨, ÔZviv e‡j
e¨emv my‡`i g‡Zv|Õ A_P Avjøvn& e¨emv nvjvj K‡i‡Qb I wiev (my`) nvivg
K‡i‡Qb| AZGe hvi Kv‡Q Zvi i‡ei cÿ †_‡K Dc‡`k Avmvi ci ‡mUv
†_‡K weiZ _v‡K, AZxZ K‡g©i Rb¨ Zviv ÿgv jvf Ki‡e Ges Zv‡`i
welq (wePv‡ii Rb¨) Avjøvn&i Kv‡Q i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hviv †R` K‡i (Ôwd·W
wW‡cvwRUÕ ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv †jv‡b my` †bq) Zviv Av¸‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges
Zv‡Z ¯’vqx n‡e|Ó
(KziÕAvb, evKviv, 2:275)

49
Merchant of Venice

61
 Bmjvg, gyivevnv Ges wd·W wW‡cvwRU

Zvn‡j hviv Ôwd·W wW‡cvwR‡UÕi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i A_©‡K e¨vs‡K ev Ab¨

†h‡Kv‡bv Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b iv‡Lb, Zv‡`i Kx `kv n‡e?
GUv cÖ_‡gB cwi¯‥vi Ki‡Z n‡e ‡h: †m e¨vw³ A_© cyi¯‥vi wn‡m‡e cv‡”Q
bv| GUvI ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e: †m †Kv‡bv Ôe¨emvwqKÕ †jb‡`‡b RwoZ nqwb, †h‡nZz
Zv‡K wbðqZv †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, †m e¨vw³ Zvi g~jabmn Av‡ivI AwZwi³ A_©
cv‡e| G‡Z †Kv‡bv SzuwK †bB| G‡Z ÿwZi †Kv‡bv m¤¢ebv †bB| Avi ZvB GUv
†Kv‡bv e¨emv bq! cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, Ôwd·W wW‡cvwRUÕ Kivi gva¨‡g †m e¨vw³ Zvi
A_©‡K my‡` avi w`‡”Q| Avi Gi gva¨‡g †m Awfkß my‡` A_©avi cÖ`vbKvix
e¨vw³‡`i AšÍf~³
© n‡jb|
hviv (gymwjg, wn›`y, wLª÷vb BZ¨vw`) GB cÖeÜwU cvV Ki‡eb, Zviv
Avjøvn&i AbšÍ kvw¯Í‡K fq K‡i Ges ‡mUvi cÖwZwµqv¯^iƒc Zviv †hb Zv‡`i wd·W
wW‡cvwRU¸‡jv‡K cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq| Rvb‡Z PvB‡e, wievi ev my‡`i GB A‡_© w`‡q
Zviv Kx Ki‡e? Zviv GB A_© bv cvi‡e Zviv wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z, Avi bv
Ab¨‡K `vb wn‡m‡e w`‡Z|50

wcQ‡bi `iRvi wiev ev my`

eZ©gv‡bi Bmjvwg e¨vsK I Bmjvwg Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wcQ‡bi `iRv
w`‡q my‡` A_©avi w`‡”Q Avi GUv‡K Zviv evwK‡Z weµq bvg w`‡q Avovj Ki‡Q|
Zviv GUv‡K ej‡Q ÔgyevivnvÕ! wKš‘ GUv wbwðZfv‡e ÔgyevivnvÕ bq! Avm‡j GUv
wiev ev my`!
Zviv hv K‡i Zv n‡”Q Giƒc: †Kv‡bv cY¨‡K hLb evwK‡Z wewµ K‡i, ZLb
Zviv cY¨wUi Ggb GKwU `vg wbav©iY K‡i, ‡hUv bM` g~‡j¨i PvB‡Z †ewk| evwK‡Z
wewµ nvjvj, †Kbvb bex (mv.) wb‡RB Zuvi cweÎ RxeÏkv‡Z Giƒc †jb‡`‡b Ask
wb‡q‡Qb| Avi Ggb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY †bB †h, evwK †jb‡`‡b cY¨wUi evwK-g~j¨
cY¨wUi bM`-g~‡j¨i †P‡q ‡ewk n‡Zv| evwK‡Z c‡Y¨i g~j¨ †e‡o hvIqvi gv‡b

50
†jLK Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ eB‡q G e¨vcv‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, GB A_© my‡`i weiæ‡× e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|

62
 cwiwkó

`vov‡”Q †h, mg‡qi g~j¨gvb i‡q‡Q| wiev ev my‡`i g~jbxwZB n‡”Q: mg‡qi
e¨eav‡b g~j¨ †e‡o hvq|
hLb †µZv †Kv‡bv cY¨ wKb‡Z Pvq wKš‘ ‡mUv †Kbvi g‡Zv bM`-A_© Zvi
Kv‡Q †bB, ZLb Z_vKw_Z Bmjvwg e¨vsK¸‡jv cY¨wU bM`-g~‡j¨ †Kbvi wdKk‡b
cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges †µZvi Kv‡Q evwK-g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i| cY¨wUi weµq-g~‡j¨i mv‡_
my` †hvM K‡i evwK-g~j¨ MVb Kiv nq, ZvB c‡b¨i `vg bM`-g~‡j¨i †P‡q †ewk
nq|
Avm‡j e¨vsK cY¨wU KL‡bvB µq K‡i bv eis Zviv K¬v‡q›U ev †µZvi
bv‡g GKwU †PK wj‡L †`q, whwb ciewZ©‡Z cY¨wU Zvi wb‡Ri bv‡g wKb‡eb, wZwb
e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ GB c~e©¯‡^ Z¡ Ave× ‡nvb ‡h: hZÿY bv wewµ-g~j¨ e¨vsK‡K †`qv
n‡”Q ZZÿY cY¨wUi ¯^Z¡ e¨vs‡Ki _vK‡e| e¨vsK Avm‡j Ggb GKUv wRwbm wewµ
Ki‡Q †hUvi AwaKvix Avm‡j †m bq| Avi GUv nvivg!
ev¯ÍweKc‡ÿ weµqI Avm‡j cÖZviYvgq| e¨vsK hv K‡i Zv n‡”Q: e¨vsK
wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ my‡` avi ev †jvb ‡`q, AZtci P~ovšÍ ‡gvU-
As‡Ki A‡_©i cwigvY mv‡c‡ÿ Ô†jvbÕ wn‡me K‡i, †hUv‡Z weµ‡qi Dci †gvU
my`‡K AvIZvfz³ Kiv nq| †µZv e¨vsK‡K hLb wbw`©ó ‡gqv‡` A_© Rgv w`‡Z e¨_©
nq ZLb †m e¨vw³ gvivZ¥K A_©‡bwZK †¯‥‡Û‡ji wkKvi nq|

wb‡Pi D`vniYwU we‡ePbv Kiv hvK:

†Kv‡bv GKRb †µZv bvgwenxb †Kv‡bv Bmjvwg e¨vs‡Ki wbKU

Z_vKw_Z gyevivnv †jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU evwo µq Ki‡Z †Mj, †hUvi
evRvi-g~j¨ 5,00,000 Wjvi| e¨vsK ZLb ‡µZvi bv‡g 5,00,000 Wjv‡ii
GKwU †PK wj‡L w`‡e, hvi gva¨‡g ‡µZv evwowU Zvi wb‡Ri bv‡g evwo wK‡b
wb‡jv| †µZv ZLb evwoi Avmj gvwjK n‡jv| e¨vsK ZLb ‡µZvi mv‡_
evwK‡Z weµ‡qi GKUv KwíZ Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡e, †hLv‡b e¨vsK †µZvi Kv‡Q
evwowU (†h evwowUi gvwjK e¨vsK bq) evwK‡Z 10,00,000 ev 1 wgwjqb
Wjv‡i wewµ Ki‡Q| bM`-g~j¨ I evwK-g~‡j¨i gv‡S cv_©K¨ n‡”Q, 5,00,000
Wjvi|

63
 Bmjvg, gyivevnv Ges wd·W wW‡cvwRU

†µZv hLb Pzw³i GKgvm ci e¨vs‡Ki cvIbv †gUv‡Z Aÿg n‡q c‡o,
evwoi gvwjKvbv cybivq e¨vsK wb‡Ri Aax‡b wb‡q †bq| e¨vsK ZLb evwowU †Lvjv
evRv‡i 5,00,000 Wjv‡i wewµ K‡i †`q| e¨vsK ZLb †µZvi weiæ‡× evwK
5,00,000 Wjv‡ii wecyj cwigvY A‡_©i Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i|
Av`vjZ Pzw³ evwZj K‡i †`q Ges ivq †`q †h, Pzw³i Avmj mgqmxgv ch©šÍ e¨vsK
my` †c‡Z _vK‡e (A_©vr e¨vsK Zvi 5,00,000 Wjvi D×vi Ki‡Z hZUzKz mgq
jv‡M)|
hviv Bmjvwg e¨vswKs‡qi ÔgyevivnvÕ‡K mg_©b Kivi e¨vcv‡i †R` a‡i‡Qb,
Avgiv Zv‡`i KwVb mZK©evZ©v w`w”Q| Zviv dZIqvi gva¨‡g GB RvZxq †jb‡`‡bi
mvdvB Mvq A_P †mUvI evwZj †hgbfv‡e dZIqvwUI evwZj, †h (dZIqv)
AÜfv‡e †NvlYv Ki‡Q, AvaywbK Kv¸‡R gy`ªv nvjvj, wVK GKBfv‡e G (dZIqv)
AvMvgxi ÔB‡jKUªwbK gy`ªv‡KÕI nvjvj †NvlYv Ki‡e| hw` µgvMZfv‡e Zviv
AvR‡Ki Z_vKw_Z GB gyevivnv ‡jb‡`‡bi mvdvB ‡M‡q hvq, Z‡e Zviv Avjøvn&i
Av`vj‡Z Rvb‡e †h, GUv gyevivnv bq eis wiev| wKš‘ gvbyl‡`i‡K c_åó Kivi
Rb¨ †m mgq Avjøvn&i Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv ARynvZ †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e bv, Avi bv cvi‡e
ej‡Z: ÒAvwg RvbZvg bv|Ó

(cÖeÜwUi evsjv Abyev` mgvß)

64