Unitek Midterm Term 1 VN With complete solution

What best defines the nursing process? - ANSWER 1. Assessment - identify a

client's health care status
2. Diagnosis - actual or potential health problems
3. Outcomes identification
4. Planning - establish plans to meet the identified needs
5. Implementation - to deliver specific nursing interventions to address those needs
6. Evaluation - determine if goals were met

What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs
of the patient? - ANSWER Evaluation

How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice? - ANSWER Under the supervision
of a physician or RN

Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement
of patient environment as a method of health promotion? - ANSWER Florence
Nightingale

What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN? -

ANSWER The Nurse Practice Act (NPA)

What does documentation of type of care, time of care, and signature of the person
prove? - ANSWER That interventions were implemented to meet the patient's
needs.

The nurse charts only additional treatments done, changes in patient condition, and
new concerns. What is this system of documentation? - ANSWER Charting by
exception

What form explains the lapse when events are not consistent with facility or national
standards of expected care? - ANSWER Incident report

Although the patient denies pain, the nurse observes the patient breathing rapidly
with clenched fists and facial grimacing. What is the nurse's best response to these
observations?
A. "I am glad you are feeling better and have no discomfort."
B. "Where do you hurt?"
C. "What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match."
D. "It makes me uncomfortable when you are not honest with me." - ANSWER C.
"What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match."

What does therapeutic communication accomplish? - ANSWER Forms a positive

and trusting nurse-patient relationship and actively involves the patient in all areas of
care.
What therapeutic communication technique requires a great deal of skill and is not
used as frequently as other communication techniques? - ANSWER Therapeutic
silence (it conveys support, compassion, caring and concern)

What is classified as information provided by the family when a patient is unable to

provide data during assessment? - ANSWER Secondary

What framework does the establishment of priorities of care during the planning
phase of the nursing process often use? - ANSWER Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
1. physiologic
2. safety and security
3. love and belongingness
4. esteem
5. self-actualization

What type of assessment is performed continuously throughout nurse-patient

contact? - ANSWER focused assessment

What bacteria can lie dormant when conditions for growth are not favorable? -
ANSWER spores

A patient with a respiratory infection reports that he is not yet on an antibiotic. The
nurse explains that the health care provider is waiting on the results of the culture
and sensitivity. What does this test determine? - ANSWER Culture tests to find
germs.
Sensitivity tests to see what kind of medicine (antibiotic) will work best to treat the
infx

What bacterium is responsible for more diseases than any other organism? -
ANSWER streptococcus

What is the branch of science that studies how the body functions? - ANSWER
Physiology

The thoracic cavity is ___________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWER

Superior

Which of the following refers to the groin region? - ANSWER inguinal

Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell? - ANSWER
Nucleus

Define osmosis? - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a SELECTIVELY

permeable membrane

What are Melanocytes? - ANSWER cells that produce melanin

Ceruminous glands secrete? - ANSWER ear wax

The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood? - ANSWER Cyanosis

The basic cell of the nervous system is a? - ANSWER neuron

What are the names of the synthesize myelin sheath of neurons in the brain, spinal
cord, and peripheral nerves? - ANSWER CNS - Oligrodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

Astrocytes function? - ANSWER - Forms Blood brain barrier = prevents toxins in

blood from entering the brain and spinal cord
- Secrete nerve growth factors

Action potentials? - ANSWER nerve impulse - an electrical signal that conveys

information along a neuron

Phases of action potential - ANSWER 1. Polarization (NEGATIVE) = Resting state

- K+ leaks from neuron
2. Depolarization (POSITIVE) = Stimulation >>> threshold potential
- Na+ rushes in
3. Repolarization (POSITIVE BACK TO NEGATIVE) = Return back to Rest
- K+ rushes out
*** If neuron does not repolarize, it can NEVER fire

Nodes of Ranvier are? - ANSWER locations on the axon where the myelin sheath
is absent

sensory neurons? - ANSWER Afferent neurons that carry incoming information

from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

motor neurons - ANSWER Efferent neurons that carry outgoing information from
the brain and spinal cord to the muscles AND glands

Ascending tracts of the spinal cord? - ANSWER carry sensory information TO the
brain

spinothalamic tract - ANSWER Ascending tract - pain pathway

endocrine system function - ANSWER Ductless glands secretes hormones directly

into bloodstream to their target tissues.

Positive feedback loop - ANSWER "Keep going"

Ex: child birth (oxytocin), blood clotting

negative feedback loop - ANSWER "That's enough, STOP"

Ex: Homeostasis - Body temp, blood pressure, fluid regulation, cortisol release

Which of the following is an oxygen-carrying blood cell? - ANSWER Erythrocyte =

Red blood cells (RBCs)

Which blood cell fits this description: granulocytic, phagocytic, and motile? -
ANSWER Neutrophil
Which of the following causes granulocytopenia? - ANSWER myelosuppression
(bone marrow depression)

What does heme contain? - ANSWER iron

Function of the heart - ANSWER To act as a pump to send oxygenated blood to

the body and bring deoxygenated blood back to the lungs

Structure of the heart - ANSWER 1. Located in mediastinum, LEFT SIDE OF

CHEST

2. 4 chambers:
- left atrium and ventricle
- right atrium and ventricle

3. Valves:
- Aortic seminlunar valves (LV)
- Pulmonic semilunar valve (RV)
- Tricuspid valve (RA)
- Bicuspid (Mitral) valve (LA)

4. Pericardium
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium

Starling's law of the heart? - ANSWER The greater the stretch of the myocardium,
the stronger the force of contraction

EXAMPLE OF STARLINGS LAW - ANSWER For example, an increase in the

amount of blood entering the ventricle (venous return) causes the ventricle to stretch.
Stretch increases the force of contraction, which in turn increases stroke volume.

Diuretics affect on the heart? - ANSWER - Blocks the absorption of sodium and
water by the kidney
- Gets rid of excess water, decreases edema

(+) chronotropic agents do what? - ANSWER - INCREASE heart RATE

- SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation

(+) inotropic agents do what? - ANSWER - INCREASE contractile FORCE/stroke

volume (not by stretch)
- SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation
Ex: Digoxin, Epi, dopamine

(+) dromotropic agents do what? - ANSWER - INCREASE SPEED of the cardiac

impulse from the SA node to the AV node
- SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation
Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSWER The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with
each contraction.

Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANSWER When the ventricle contracts, it pumps about
67% of its volume (End-Diastolic Volume), some blood remains in the ventricle. The
% of the EDV that is pumped is called the ejection fraction.

Cardiac reserve is: - ANSWER The capacity to increase cardiac output above the
resting cardiac output.

right lymphatic duct - ANSWER receives lymph from the right upper part of the
body

right lymphatic duct empties into - ANSWER right subclavian vein

thoracic duct - ANSWER receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest,
abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

thoracic duct empties into - ANSWER left subclavian vein

function of spleen - ANSWER - Red pulp: venous sinuses with blood and
phagocytes
- White pulp: lymphocytes
- Stores and removes RBCs and platelets

palatine tonsils location - ANSWER located on the left and right sides of the throat
in the area that is visible through the mouth

lingual tonsils location - ANSWER located on the back of the tongue

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) location - ANSWER posterior wall of nasopharynx

phrenic nerve function - ANSWER Carries impulses to the diaphragm from the
brain.

intercostal nerve function - ANSWER supply muscles of the ribs, anterolateral

thorax, and abdominal wall

Neurotransmitters (respiratory system) - ANSWER glutamate, GABA, and glycine.

pleural membranes/cavity - ANSWER 2 membranes surround the lungs and create

a cavity between that is filled with a water solution

function of diaphragm - ANSWER - separates the digestive cavity from the

respiratory cavity - contracts and relaxes to help the lungs inflate and deflate

external intercostal muscles - ANSWER A muscle that raises the rib cage,
decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity
What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles? -
ANSWER Capillaries

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys? - ANSWER renal artery

renal capsule function - ANSWER Made of Dense Fibrous Tissue. maintains shape
of the kidney, and forms a barrier that can inhibit the spread of infection

Which blood vessel(s) is (are) primarily concerned with reabsorption? - ANSWER

Peritubular capillaries

What are peritubular capillaries? - ANSWER tiny blood vessels that travel
alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion bw blood and the inner
lumen of the nephron

Where is sperm produced? - ANSWER seminiferous tubules

seminiferous tubules? - ANSWER Small convoluted tubules in the testes where

spermatogenesis takes place.

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) - ANSWER stimulates ovulation in the

female; stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male

Another name for the hormone ICSH is? - ANSWER Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which of the following consists of a midpiece, head, and flagellum? - ANSWER

Sperm

What is a zygote? - ANSWER fertilized egg

HCl function in stomach - ANSWER Denatures proteins to facilitate digestion

hepatic portal system - ANSWER the veins that carry blood from the digestive
organs to the liver

Lipases do what? - ANSWER Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

trypsin does what? - ANSWER breaks down proteins

Pepsin does what? - ANSWER Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach

Amylase does what? - ANSWER Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches