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    PYTHON

    Uploaded by

    pawarnisha1797

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    PYTHON

    Uploaded by

    pawarnisha1797
    31 views22 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    31 views22 pages

    PYTHON

    Uploaded by

    pawarnisha1797

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    PYTHON

    History:

    ➢ Created by Guido van Rossum.


    ➢ First released in 1991.
    ➢ Python 2.x and Python 3.x versions.

    Data types

    Type casting
    var1="34.25"
    var2="54.42"
    #print(var1+var2)
    print(float(var1)+float(var2))

    print("\n",10*str(float(var1)+float(var2)),"\n")

    Operators:

    Logical Operator
    Bitwise operator

    # Assignment

    d=7
    d+=3
    print("+=",d)

    d-=4
    print("-=",d)

    d*=5
    print("*=",d)

    d/=8
    print("/=",d)

    d%=12
    print("%=",d)

    d//=10 # Round up the digit eg 7.6= 8


    print("//=",d)

    d**=4
    print("**=",d) # expotional digit 7 power of 4

    # Arithmatic

    d=2
    print("==",d)

    a=3
    b=5

    print("+",a+b)

    print("-",a-b)

    print("/",a/b)

    print("//",a//b)

    print("**",a**b)
    print("%",a%b)

    print("*",a*b)

    # Bitwise

    p=1
    q=2
    print("&",p&q) #

    print("~",~q)# shift the digit 1 number

    print(~4)

    print(3<<2)
    print(4>>3)
    print(1|2)

    print(8&3)

    print("^",2^3)

    print("<<",q<<p)

    print(">>",p>>q)

    # Logical

    x=2
    y=3
    z=1
    print(x>y and y>z)
    print(y>x or x>y)

    # Identity

    a=[10,20,30]
    b=[10,20,30]

    print(a is not b)

    d=[40,50,60]
    print(a is not d)
    print (a is d)

    # Membership

    # in , not in

    list1 = ["hii","hello"]
    print("hii" in list1)
    print("jiii" not in list1)

    Built in Function:
    Python comes with a wide range of built-in functions that
    are readily available for use. Here are some commonly
    used built-in functions in Python:
    1. **`print()`**: Outputs the specified message to the console.

    ```python
    print("Hello, Python!")
    ```

    2. **`len()`**: Returns the length of an object (number of


    items in an object).

    ```python
    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    length = len(my_list)
    ```

    3. **`type()`**: Returns the type of an object.

    ```python
    x = 10
    data_type = type(x)
    ```

    4. **`int()`**, **`float()`**, **`str()`**, **`list()`**, **`tuple()`**,


    **`dict()`**: Convert values to integers, floats, strings,
    lists, tuples, or dictionaries, respectively.

    ```python
    x = int("123")
    y = float("3.14")
    z = str(42)
    ```

    5. **`input()`**: Reads a line from the console.

    ```python
    name = input("Enter your name: ")
    ```

    6. **`range()`**: Generates a sequence of numbers.

    ```python
    numbers = range(1, 6) # Generates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    ```

    7. **`sum()`**: Returns the sum of all elements in an iterable.

    ```python
    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    total = sum(my_list)
    ```
    8. **`max()`**, **`min()`**: Returns the maximum or minimum
    value in an iterable.

    ```python
    numbers = [4, 1, 7, 3, 9]
    max_value = max(numbers)
    min_value = min(numbers)
    ```

    9. **`abs()`**: Returns the absolute value of a number.

    ```python
    x = -10
    absolute_value = abs(x)
    ```
    **`sorted
    10. ()`**: Returns a sorted list from the specified iterable.

    ```python
    unsorted_list = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2]
    sorted_list = sorted(unsorted_list)
    ```

    11. **`enumerate()`**: Returns an enumerate object,


    containing pairs of index and element.
    ```python
    my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c']
    for index, value in enumerate(my_list):
    print(index, value)
    ```

    List

    Tuple

    # touples are enclose in round brackets ,parenthisi


    # touple can not be updated

    a = (1, 2, 5, "Rise")
    b = (5, "CSE")
    print(a)
    print(a[0])
    print(a[0:2])
    print(a[1:])
    print(b*2)
    print(a + b)

    d = (10, 20, 30, 40)


    print(len(d))

    print(max(d))

    print(min(d))

    print(sum(d))

    list = [1, 2, 0, 1, "Nisha"]


    print(tuple(list))

    index = d.index(20)
    print(index)

    Dictonary:
    - **Unordered Collection:** Dictionaries are an unordered
    collection of items.

    - **Key-Value Pairs:** Each item in a dictionary is a key-value


    pair, where the key and value are separated by a colon.

    - **Unique Keys:** Keys must be unique within a dictionary,


    providing a reliable way to identify and retrieve
    associated values.

    - **Flexible Data Structure:** Dictionaries can store a


    variety of data types as values, including numbers, strings,
    lists, or even other dictionaries.

    - **Fast Retrieval:** The key allows for efficient retrieval


    of the associated value, making dictionaries a preferred
    choice for tasks that involve mapping relationships.

    - **Mutable:** Dictionaries are mutable, meaning you can


    modify, add, or remove key-value pairs after the dictionary
    is created.

    Here's a simple example:

    dic={'name':"ABC",'code':17,'dept':"CSE"}
    print(dic['name'])

    print(dic)
    print(dic.keys())
    print(dic.values())

    new=dic.copy()
    print(new)

    seq=('code','dept','name')
    print(dic.fromkeys(seq))

    print(len(dic))
    print(dic['name'])

    dic['name']="DXA"
    print(dic)

    dic['key']='value'
    print(dic)

    print(dic.popitem())
    print(dic)

    del dic['code']
    print(dic)

    dic2={1:'one',2:'two'}
    print(dic2)
    Global Keyword:
    In Python, the global keyword allows you to change a
    variable value outside of its current scope. It is used to
    make changes to a global variable from a local location.
    The global keyword is only required for altering the
    variable value and not for publishing or accessing it.
    d=89
    def fun1():
    d=20
    def fun2():
    global d
    d=88
    print("After calling fun2()", d)
    print("before calling fun2()",d)
    fun2()
    fun1()
    print(d)

    Map() :-
    A map() function executes certain instructions- or
    functionallity provided to it on every item of an
    iterable.
    The iterable could be a list, tuple, set, etc. It is worth
    nothing that the output in the case of the map is abo an
    iterable ie, a list it is a built-in function, so no import
    statement required.
    a=[1,2,3,4,5]
    b=list(map((lambda x:x**3),a))
    print(b)

    Filter():-
    "A filterci in python tests a specific wer- defined condition
    for function or returns an iteable for the elements and
    values that satisfy the condition or, in other words, return
    true.
    c=[7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5]
    d=list((filter(lambda x:x in a,c)))
    print(d)
    Reduce():
    import functools
    q=["2", "4","6","8","10"]
    p=functools.reduce((lambda x,y:x+y),q)
    print(p)

    Adavance Slicing :

    The full form of slicing is a[start : end : step]. If the step is


    positive (it defaults to 1 if omitted), you go in ascending
    index from start up to, but excluding, end. If the step is
    negative, you go in descending index from start down to, but
    excluding, end

    mystr="Welcometopythonprogramming"
    print(len(mystr))
    print(mystr[0:6])
    print(mystr[11:17])
    print(mystr[0:29:2])
    print(mystr[0:70])

    print(mystr[: :-1])
    var4="pas1s"
    print(var4.isalnum())
    print(mystr.isalpha())

    Recursion :
    def fac_iterative(n):
    fact=1
    for i in range (n):
    fact=fact*(i+1)
    return fact
    def factorial_recussive(n):
    if n==1:
    return 1
    else:
    return n*factorial_recussive(n-1)
    number=int(input("Enter no"))
    print("factorial iterative method",fac_iterative(number))
    print("factorial recussive",factorial_recussive(number))

    Short If
    a=int(input((" Enter a number")))
    b=int(input((" enter a number")))
    print("A is greater") if(a>b) else print(" B is greater")

    a=int(input((" Enter a number")))


    print("A is even no") if (a/2==0) else print("A is odd no")

    print(" Enter value")


    l=input()
    print("Enter value")
    k=input()
    def fun4(l,k):
    print(int(l)-int(k))
    print(int(l)-int(k))
    fun4(l,k)

    String Funcions
    var="Good Morning"
    print(var.upper())

    print(var.lower())
    mystr="Welcome to python programming"
    print(mystr.replace("python","java"))
    print(mystr.count("g"))
    print(mystr.find("pro"))
    print(mystr.endswith("d"))
    print(mystr.split())

    a=10
    b=20
    a,b=b,a
    print(a,b)
    print("a=",a,"b=",b)
    a,b=b,a
    print("Ater a=",a,"b=",b)

    dhano=" You are very Smart"


    print(dhano.upper())
    print(dhano.lower())
    print(dhano.replace("Smart","Dumbo"))
    print(dhano.count("e"))
    print(dhano.find("pro"))
    print(dhano.endswith("c"))
    print(dhano.split())
    print(len(dhano))
    print(dhano[0:4])
    print(dhano[13:19])
    print(dhano[0:19:3])
    print(dhano[0:70])
    print(dhano.isalnum())
    print(dhano.isalpha())
    print(dhano[: :-1])
    print(dhano)
    print(dhano.strip())
    print(len(dhano))
    print(dhano.startswith("q"))
    print(dhano.rstrip())
    print(dhano.endswith("t"))
    print(dhano.center(300))
    print(dhano.rjust(60))
    print(dhano.ljust(600))
    print(dhano.swapcase())
    print(dhano.zfill)

    Time Date Module

    The datetime module supplies classes for manipulating


    dates and times. While date and time arithmetic is
    supported, the focus of the implementation is on efficient
    attribute extraction for output formatting and
    manipulation.
    import time
    initial =time.localtime()
    print(time.asctime(initial))
    init = time.time()
    k=0
    for k in range(20) :
    print("Hello")
    k+=1
    time.sleep(2)
    init2=time.time()
    print("for loop run in",init2-init)
    init3=time.time()
    i=1
    while (i<=20) :
    print("Hello")
    i+=1
    init4 = time.time()
    print("while loop run in",init4-init3)

    With Block Handling :


    In Python, the with statement is used in conjunction with file
    handling to ensure that the file is properly closed after
    operations are performed. It provides a clean and concise
    way to manage resources, and it is particularly useful for
    file handling where proper closure is important to free up
    system resources.

    Here's an example of using the with statement for file


    handling in Python:

    python
    # Writing to a file using 'with' block
    with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:
    file.write('Hello, this is a sample text.')

    # Reading from a file using 'with' block


    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)
    In the example above:

    1. The open() function is used to open a file. The first


    argument is the file name, and the second argument is the
    mode ('w' for write, 'r' for read).
    2. The with statement is used to create a context in which
    the file is opened and operated on.
    3. Inside the with block, you can perform operations on the
    file, such as reading or writing.
    4. Once the operations are done, the with block is exited,
    and the file is automatically closed.

    This approach is beneficial because it ensures that the file


    is closed properly, even if an exception occurs within the
    block. It helps in avoiding common issues related to
    resource management.
    with open("f1.txt","w") as f:
    f.write("Hello dumbo sanket but in dreams\n")
    f.write("vaishu is damn harami")

    with open("f1.txt","r") as f:
    print(f.readlines())

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