Chapter 3

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DISHA INDIA COMMUNITY SCHOOL PADHA

DATE: to No. of periods:

SUBJECT: Mathematics CHAPTER 3: How many squares

CLASS: V

NAME OF THE TEACHER:

NAME OF THE OBSERVER:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 Students will learn to draw different shapes

 Students will be able to find perimeter and area of square

 Students will be able to find area and perimeter of rectangle

 Students will understand the area and perimeter of triangle

 Students will understand the concept finding area and perimeter of irregular shapes

RESOURCES USED:

Mathematics textbook (MTB), Math notebook – 1, marker, whiteboard, papers, mirror.

NOTES FOR THE TEACHER:


T - Measure the side of the square on the dotted sheet.

T - How many rectangles could you make?

Ss will read “Which …. Perimeter?”

What is the common feature of all rectangles mentioned in the paragraph?

T - How many squares make up each rectangle?

T - Are the areas of all rectangles the same? Why or why not?

T - What varies among the rectangles according to the information provided?

T - Which rectangle has the longest perimeter?

T - Which rectangle has the smallest perimeter?

2 Dimensional figures / 2D Figures

• A two-dimensional shape is a plane figure that can be drawn on a flat surface.


• It has only two dimensions which are length and width. It has no thickness or depth
• Example: Rectangle, Circle, Square etc.
Area:

• The area is the region enclosed by the boundary of a closed figure.


• Square units are used to measure area.
Perimeter:

• Perimeter is the length that forms the boundary of an area (or) the total length of the boundary is
called Perimeter.
• If the figure is a triangle, square, or rectangle, the perimeter is the sum of the edge lengths.
We measure the perimeter of any figure in mm, cm, m, or km.
Image: Perimeter
Dimensions:

• The measurement like length, width, and height of any object is known as dimensions. Different
objects and shapes have different dimensions.
• Based on dimension the area and perimeter will differ which means even if they look similar their
areas and perimeters will be different because of dimensions.

Ss will read “Measure Stamps”

T - How many squares does stamp D cover?

T - What is the side length of each square in stamp D?

T - What is the unit of measurement for the area of stamp D?

T - What is the total area covered by all the squares in stamp D?

Ss will read “How big is my hand?”

1. What are you instructed to do on the next page?

2. According to the text, which is wider – your hand or your footprint?

3. Whose foot is mentioned as being wider than their hand?

4. How will you determine whose hand is bigger – yours or your friend's?
Image: Cuboid

Solved Example 1: Does your palm and length of your hand is smaller than your parents. Compare your

hand with your parent and answer the question.


Ans: Yes, on comparing my hand with my father’s palm his palm is bigger than mine and also my father’s
hand is longer than my hand.

Ss will read “Try Triangle”

1. What is mentioned about the area of the big triangles in the rectangle?

2. How does the blue triangle compare in size to the big rectangle?

3. What is the area of the big rectangle?

4. How can you determine the area of the blue triangle?

5. What is highlighted about the contents of the blue triangle?

6. How many triangles of area 10 square cm can you draw in the rectangle?

7. What suggestion is given at the end regarding drawing triangles in the rectangle?

Counting Grids

• To find the area and perimeter of any object we use the counting grids method.
• The area of a plane figure is the number of squares required to completely cover it and the
perimeter of a plane figure is the number of squares required to cover the boundary of the figure.
• Suppose we want to find the area of the below-given square. We can simply count the total number
of small squares present in it because the area is nothing but space occupied by the shape of the
object.
Image: Counting grid

• Since it would be silly to always count all those squares to find the area and perimeter of any
object. Also counting the squares will be difficult for the objects or shapes that big, that's why we
use specific formulas for area and perimeter for specific objects which makes us easy to find.

Triangle:

• A triangle is a shape formed when three straight lines meet. All triangles have three sides and three
corners (angles).
• Examples of triangles in real life: Pyramids, Sailing Boats, Sandwich and pizza slices etc.
• Formula of area of triangle = 1/2*l* b where l=length and b=breadth.
• Formula of Perimeter of Triangle = a+ b+ c where a,b,c are sides.

Image: Perimeter of Triangle

Solved Example 5: Find the area of a triangle with a base of 5 inches and a height of 8 inches.

Ans: Now let us find the area using the area of triangle formula: We know that area of
triangle = 1/2*l* b

Thus the area of triangle (A) = *5* 8

A= * 40

Therefore, the area of the triangle (A) = 20in2

Solved Example 6: Anshu wants to find the perimeter of the pyramid toy which is in a triangle shape
each side is 12 cm.

Ans: Since all three sides are equal in length, the triangle is an equilateral triangle.

i.e. a = b = c = 12 cm Perimeter = a + b + c

Perimeter = 12 + 12 + 12 Perimeter = 36
Perimeter = 36 cm.

Relationship between area and perimeter


• Let us consider two rectangles A and B having the same perimeter as 18 units.

Image: Relationship between area and perimeter of a rectangle

Observe the given rectangles here both of them have different areas i.e, Area of Rectangle A = 18 square
units and Area of Rectangle B is 20 square units.

Image: Relationship between area and perimeter


Hence we conclude that:
• The two shapes having the same perimeter can have different areas.
• Similarly, two shapes having the same areas can have different perimeters.

Ss will read “Complete the shape”

1. How many sides did Suruchi draw?


2. What did Suruchi ask Asif to do?
3. What is the target area for the shape?
4. How many more sides does Asif need to add?
5. What is the area of the green part in the shape?
6. How much area does the yellow part cover?
7. What is the total area of the shape according to the green and yellow parts?
8. How else can you draw the shape to still have an area of 10 square cm?

Rectangle:

• A Closed two-dimensional shape in geometry, with 4 sides and 4 corners is known as a Rectangle.
• In Rectangle opposite sides of a rectangle have the same lengths and are parallel.
• Example of Rectangle Shape Objects: Mobile,Television,Books etc.
• Formula of area of rectangle = length * breadth
• Formula of Perimeter of Rectangle=2*Length +2* Breadth or 2(length + width).
Image: Rectangle

Solved Example 3: Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 10 cm and 12 cm,
respectively. Ans: Given: Length = 10 cm and Breadth = 12 cm

We know,

The perimeter of a rectangle = 2(length + width)

Substitute the value of length and width here,

Perimeter (P) = 2(10 + 12) cm


Thus P=2 * 22 cm

Therefore, the perimeter of a rectangle = 44 cm.

Solved Example 4: Find the area of a rectangle with a length of 15 mm and a breadth of 9 mm.

Ans: Given

The Length of a rectangle = 15 mm.

The breadth of a rectangle = 9 mm.

We know that the area of a rectangle = length breadth Therefore the area of a
rectangle = length * breadth

= 15 * 9 sq mm.

= 135 sq mm.

Thus the area of rectangle is 135 sq.mm

Ss will read “Puzzles with Five Squares”

1. What should you do with the small square on page 45?

2. How many squares are you supposed to use for making shapes?

3. Can you explain how the three shapes are drawn with the small squares?

4. What is the main objective when creating shapes with these squares?
Ss will read “Game Time”

1. What game are you supposed to play with your partner?

2. How many shapes are in one set for the game?

3. What does the first player do with their chosen shape?

4. What rule does the second player follow when placing their shape?

5. How do players take turns in the game?

6. How do you determine the winner in this game?

Square

• A closed, two-dimensional shape with 4 equal sides is known as a Square.


• In Square all 4 sides are equal
• Example of Square Shape Objects: Chessboard, a slice of bread, etc.
• Formula of area of a Square = side * side
• Formula of a Perimeter of a Square = 4*length of a side

Image: Square

Solved Example 2: Find the perimeter and area of a square of side 10 cm.

Ans: We know that the perimeter of square = 4*length of a side

Here given side= 10 cm

Therefore, perimeter = 4 *10 cm=40cm

Now, area of the square = side * side sq. units

Therefore the area of square = 10 * 10 =100 cm2

Ss will read “make your own tile”

1. What did you do with floor patterns in Math-Magic Book 4?

2. What was the goal when choosing a tile for the patterns?

3. What did Ziri want to do after seeing the patterns?


4. What are you asked to do in making your own yellow tile?

5. How was the process of making a tile explained?

Area of irregular shapes

• Areas of irregular shapes can be found by counting the number of squares occupied by the irregular
shape.
• As we don't have particular formulas for calculating the irregular shapes we use the counting square
grids method.
• Below are the measures that we consider to find the area of irregular shapes.

Image: Area of irregular shapes

Solved Example 7: Find the area of the below figure:

Ans: After colouring and counting the squares we observe that the total area of the figure will be (3+7+1)
square units = 11 square units.
Patterns

• Patterns are a set of numbers arranged in a sequence such that they are related to each other in a
specific rule.
• Patterns are repeated arrangements of shapes, colours and numbers which are arranged while
rotating it.
• Example: tiles in our houses, checks on a shirt, mom’s saree with a design, a beautiful dress has a
design pattern etc.

Practise Problems

1. A square field has a side, a = 2.5 m, what is its Area?


2. The length of a rectangular swimming pool is 10 metres and the breadth is 8 metres. Find the area of
the swimming pool?

Answer:

1. 6.25m2
2. 80m2

Activity on page 48

1. What is the first step in creating the tile?

2. How big is the square drawn in Step 1?

3. What is done in Step 2 with the square?

4. What is the instruction in Step 3 for drawing another triangle?

5. Where is the second triangle drawn in Step 3?

6. What is the final step to complete the tile?

7. What question is asked regarding the tile's area?

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