Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
CLASS: V
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Students will understand the concept finding area and perimeter of irregular shapes
RESOURCES USED:
T - Are the areas of all rectangles the same? Why or why not?
• Perimeter is the length that forms the boundary of an area (or) the total length of the boundary is
called Perimeter.
• If the figure is a triangle, square, or rectangle, the perimeter is the sum of the edge lengths.
We measure the perimeter of any figure in mm, cm, m, or km.
Image: Perimeter
Dimensions:
• The measurement like length, width, and height of any object is known as dimensions. Different
objects and shapes have different dimensions.
• Based on dimension the area and perimeter will differ which means even if they look similar their
areas and perimeters will be different because of dimensions.
4. How will you determine whose hand is bigger – yours or your friend's?
Image: Cuboid
Solved Example 1: Does your palm and length of your hand is smaller than your parents. Compare your
1. What is mentioned about the area of the big triangles in the rectangle?
2. How does the blue triangle compare in size to the big rectangle?
6. How many triangles of area 10 square cm can you draw in the rectangle?
7. What suggestion is given at the end regarding drawing triangles in the rectangle?
Counting Grids
• To find the area and perimeter of any object we use the counting grids method.
• The area of a plane figure is the number of squares required to completely cover it and the
perimeter of a plane figure is the number of squares required to cover the boundary of the figure.
• Suppose we want to find the area of the below-given square. We can simply count the total number
of small squares present in it because the area is nothing but space occupied by the shape of the
object.
Image: Counting grid
• Since it would be silly to always count all those squares to find the area and perimeter of any
object. Also counting the squares will be difficult for the objects or shapes that big, that's why we
use specific formulas for area and perimeter for specific objects which makes us easy to find.
Triangle:
• A triangle is a shape formed when three straight lines meet. All triangles have three sides and three
corners (angles).
• Examples of triangles in real life: Pyramids, Sailing Boats, Sandwich and pizza slices etc.
• Formula of area of triangle = 1/2*l* b where l=length and b=breadth.
• Formula of Perimeter of Triangle = a+ b+ c where a,b,c are sides.
Solved Example 5: Find the area of a triangle with a base of 5 inches and a height of 8 inches.
Ans: Now let us find the area using the area of triangle formula: We know that area of
triangle = 1/2*l* b
A= * 40
Solved Example 6: Anshu wants to find the perimeter of the pyramid toy which is in a triangle shape
each side is 12 cm.
Ans: Since all three sides are equal in length, the triangle is an equilateral triangle.
i.e. a = b = c = 12 cm Perimeter = a + b + c
Perimeter = 12 + 12 + 12 Perimeter = 36
Perimeter = 36 cm.
Observe the given rectangles here both of them have different areas i.e, Area of Rectangle A = 18 square
units and Area of Rectangle B is 20 square units.
Rectangle:
• A Closed two-dimensional shape in geometry, with 4 sides and 4 corners is known as a Rectangle.
• In Rectangle opposite sides of a rectangle have the same lengths and are parallel.
• Example of Rectangle Shape Objects: Mobile,Television,Books etc.
• Formula of area of rectangle = length * breadth
• Formula of Perimeter of Rectangle=2*Length +2* Breadth or 2(length + width).
Image: Rectangle
Solved Example 3: Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 10 cm and 12 cm,
respectively. Ans: Given: Length = 10 cm and Breadth = 12 cm
We know,
Solved Example 4: Find the area of a rectangle with a length of 15 mm and a breadth of 9 mm.
Ans: Given
We know that the area of a rectangle = length breadth Therefore the area of a
rectangle = length * breadth
= 15 * 9 sq mm.
= 135 sq mm.
2. How many squares are you supposed to use for making shapes?
3. Can you explain how the three shapes are drawn with the small squares?
4. What is the main objective when creating shapes with these squares?
Ss will read “Game Time”
4. What rule does the second player follow when placing their shape?
Square
Image: Square
Solved Example 2: Find the perimeter and area of a square of side 10 cm.
2. What was the goal when choosing a tile for the patterns?
• Areas of irregular shapes can be found by counting the number of squares occupied by the irregular
shape.
• As we don't have particular formulas for calculating the irregular shapes we use the counting square
grids method.
• Below are the measures that we consider to find the area of irregular shapes.
Ans: After colouring and counting the squares we observe that the total area of the figure will be (3+7+1)
square units = 11 square units.
Patterns
• Patterns are a set of numbers arranged in a sequence such that they are related to each other in a
specific rule.
• Patterns are repeated arrangements of shapes, colours and numbers which are arranged while
rotating it.
• Example: tiles in our houses, checks on a shirt, mom’s saree with a design, a beautiful dress has a
design pattern etc.
Practise Problems
Answer:
1. 6.25m2
2. 80m2
Activity on page 48