New

syllabus
2022-23

Chapter 3
software

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 Software
Software - is an organized instructions/code written by
programmers using any of various special computer
languages for specific purpose.
Purpose:
• Main purpose of software is to convert data into information
• In business decision making
• Scientific investigation and engineering problem solving
• To run embedded system(t.v.,auto. washing machine,dvd
player etc.)
• Office automation
• Education

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 Software
Types of software:
(1)Application software: It handles specialized/
common tasks a user wants to perform, such as
banking, hotel management, any data processing,
word processing etc.
(2)System software: controls the basic functions of a
computer & hides complexity of computer system
from user and application software. E.g. Operating
System, Compiler, Interpret etc.
(3)Utility software: Which helps to manage, maintain
and control computer resources. E.g. are antivirus
software, backup software and disk tools.
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 Software

(1) System software

OPERATING SYSTEM
An Operating System (OS) is a system
program that controls and manages
the computer resources(resource
manager) so that application software
can run on it.
Example: Microsoft Windows, Solaris,
Linux, MAC OS,Ubuntu, Apple’s i-
Phone OS etc.

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 Software

HOW OPERATING SYSTEM WORKS

In any computer or mobile device, the operating
system can be termed as the back bone when it
comes to software. This is because it has to be there
before other programs can be run.It works as a
middleman (interface) between machine and user.
At the simplest level, an operating system does two
things:
• It manages the hardware resources of the computer
system. These resources include such things as the
processor, memory, disk space, etc.
• It provides a stable, consistent way for applications
to deal with the hardware without having to know all
the details of the hardware.
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 Software
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• Processor management
Loads, schedules and execute process/programs.
• Memory management
Allocates /De-allocation of memory for program execution.
• Device management
Communicate and controls various I/O devices.
• Storage management
Manages and controls the storage device to provide space to
program for execution & data save.
• Application interface
API/drivers provide a way for applications to make use of
hardware
• User interface
structure for interaction between a user and the computer
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 Software
TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
* Single-User, Single Task Operating System:
These operating systems work on single task & single user at a time.E.g. DOS
* Single-User, Multi-Task Operating System:
These operating systems works on more than one task and process them concurrently at a
time.E.g. windows 95 or later version of windows
* Multiuser Operating System:
In these OS, multiple users are allowed to access the same data or information at a time
via a network. E.g. Unix,Linux,Windows7.
* Multiprocessing Operating System:
Here, a single process runs on two or more processors. All the processing and their
management takes place in a parallel way, hence this OS are also called as Parallel
Processing. E.g. Linux, UNIX and Windows 7.
* Embedded Operating System:
These are embedded in a device, which is located in ROM.E.g. OS of microwaves,washing
machine.
* Distributed Operating System:
In these OS, the computers work in co-operation with each other.

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE/PROGRAMMING SOFTWARES Software
Language processor/Programming Language
As the computer understand machine language(0/1) where as Humans
understand High level/Human Lang.
Language Processors does the conversion task(high level to machine lang.)
These are of 3 types Language processors
1.Compilers-It convert high-level language code to machine code in one session.
It takes time because it have to translate high-level code to lower-level machine
language all at once and then save the executable object code to memory.
2. Interpreters-It translates code like a compiler but reads the code and
immediately executes that code, and therefore it is initially faster than a
compiler.
3. Assemblers-It translates an assembly language program into machine
language.
One-pass assemblers go through the source code once. Any symbol used before it
is defined will require "errata" at the end of the object telling the linker or the
loader to "go back" and overwrite a placeholder which had been left where the as
yet undefined symbol was used.
Multi-pass assemblers create a table with all symbols and their values in the first
passes, then use the table in later passes to generate code.
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 Software
Difference between Compiler and Interpreter:
S.N
COMPILER INTERPRETER
O.
Scans the whole program in Translates program one statement
1.
one go. at a time.
the errors (if any) are shown at
2. errors are shown line by line.
the end together.
Due to interpreters being slow in
Main advantage of compilers is
3. executing the object code, it is
it’s execution time.
preferred less.
It doesn’t convert the instructions
It converts the the instructions
4. instead it directly works on source
into systematic code.
language.
E.g. Python, Ruby, Perl, MATLAB
5 E.g. C, C++, C# etc.
etc.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
These are ready to use software for daily use purpose
e.g. word processor,spread sheet,presention,DBMS
etc.
* Specific Purpose application software
Softwares which are designed for specific task
e.g. Payroll,Hotel Mgmt,Hospital Mgmt,Stock Mgmt
etc.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
1. Word Processing Packages:
is a software which is used to process text. It allows
the user to type, view, edit, manipulate, store and
retrieve text material. With word processors we can
create well formatted documents that may contain
text and even graphics. We can create letters,
statements, leaflets etc with a word-processing
package.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
2. Electronic Spreadsheets
is a software tool for manipulating data in tabular
form. A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns.
The intersections of rows and columns are called
cells.
In a spreadsheet cell, text, numbers or formulas can
be entered. Any formula entered is automatically
evaluated and displayed by the program.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
3. Graphics and Multimedia Packages
Are software designed for creating and manipulating
images using a computer. Drawings, graphics and
pictures can be created and edited using graphic
Software.
Adobe photoshop, Paintshop pro, Ulead photo
impact etc. are popular image editing software for
the windows environment.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
4. Database Management Systems
is a software used to manipulate large volumes of
data stored in well organized manner, called a
database. A database is a repository of related
collections of data. For example, a company database
might contain information about customers,
suppliers, employees, sales and inventory.The DBMS
stores data in a way that allows it to access those data
at any time.

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 Software
(2) Application software
* General/Generic Purpose application software
5. Desk Top Publishing (DTP) Packages :
DTP packages can be used for creating professional
quality documents and publications.DTP software
integrates the processes of design, typesetting and
pasteup into one task down. Through DTP We can
create an entire publication such as a textbook on a
PC. Examples of DTP Packages are Aldus PageMaker,
CorelDraw, Microsoft publisher etc. Some examples
of Indian, multilingual packages are, prakashak,
Lipi, ISM, Patrika etc.
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 Software
(2) Application software
* Specific Purpose application software
Softwares which are designed for specific task.E.g.
• Payroll- for employee salary purpose
• Medical store management
• Hospital management
• Hotel management
• Library management
• Airline/Railway/Bus reservation system
• Stock/Inventory management
• And there may be many more

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 Software

(3) Utility software

that assist OS in carrying out certain specialized tasks
are called utility software.
▪ Antivirus - An anti-virus scans the system for any
virus and if detected, gets rid of it by deleting or
isolating it.
▪ Compression tools - Compression tools are utilities
that assist operating systems in shortening files so
that they take less space.

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 Software
(3) Utility software
▪ Disk Cleanup - Disk cleanup tools assist users in freeing up
disk space.
▪ Disk Defragmenter - Disk defragmenter is a disk
management utility that increases file access speeds by
rearranging fragmented files on contiguous locations.
▪ Backup - Backup utility enables backing up of files, folders,
databases or complete disks.
▪ File management tools - Utility software providing regular
file management tasks like browse, search, update, preview,
etc. are called file management tools.
▪ Restore – This utility restores the backup earlier taken.

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