Unit 1:: Computer Science
Unit 1:: Computer Science
Unit 1:: Computer Science
Computer Science
Class XI
Computer
System &
Organization
Software
Types of software:
(1)System software: The software that controls internal
computer operations is called System Software. E.g.
Operating System, Compiler, Interpret etc.
(2)Application software: It handles specialized/ common
tasks a user wants to perform, such as banking, hotel
management, any data processing, word processing
etc.
Compiler
It converts high-level language code to machine code in one go. It takes
time because it has to translate high-level code to lower-level machine
language all at once and then save the executable object code to
memory.
Interpreter
It translates and executes instructions written in a computer
program line-by-line, unit by unit etc.
Assembler
It translates an assembly language program into machine language.
Business Software:
• This type of software is specifically created software according to
business requirements(to meet the general requirement of a
business).
• Example: Inventory management systems , Payroll system, Financial
accounting etc.
• Customized software is tailor made software according to user’s
requirement.
Software
Output Devices
A device that can receive data from computer or another device and
create output with that data is called output device. Examples of
various output devices are as :
Speakers: Receives sound signal from a computer and then plays that
sound signal and thus we hear songs or music or any other audio.
Printer
• Printer is an output device that gives you the output on a physical medium such as paper,
called printouts. The information we get as printout on paper is called a hard copy.
• Two types of printer: Impact and Non-Impact
Impact printer:
• The types of printers that produce output on paper by striking the print hammer or
wheel against an inked ribbon are called impact printers.
• Impact printers work like typewriter.
• They are slower in printing and produce low quality output.
• The printing speed of these printers is measured in characters or lines per minute.
• They also produce more noise during printing.
• Examples: Dot-matrix printer, Daisy-wheel printer.
Basic Computer Organization
Internal memory is expensive and smaller External memory is cheaper and larger
Internal memory storages are faster External memory storages are slower.
Internal memory can be directly accessed by the CPU External memory cannot be directly accessed by the CPU
RAM and ROM are two types of internal memory Secondary memories are in the form of hard disk, cd, dvd, etc.
Cache memory
Cache memory is a small-sized type of
volatile computer memory that
provides high-speed data access to a
processor and stores frequently used
computer programs, applications and
data. It is the fastest memory in a
computer, and is typically integrated
onto the motherboard and directly
embedded in the processor or main
random access memory (RAM).