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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification

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BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computings

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Unit number and title

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Unit 16: Cloud computing

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Submission date 13/3/2022 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date

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Student Name

e s LÊ XUÂN PHÚ Student ID BSBF190029

Class

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Student declaration
PBIT16101_CNTT1 Assessor name CAO TIẾN THÀNH

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

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ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification

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BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number

Assignment title

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Unit 16: Cloud computing

Cloud Computing Solutions

Academic Year

Unit Tutor

e s 2021 - 2022

Cao Tien Thanh

Issue date
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IV name and date
Submission date

Submission Format:

Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document


You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by
the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.btec.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
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must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference

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properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

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LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures.

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LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and
validate their use.

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Assignment Brief and Guidance:

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Scenario
ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The

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company has the revenue over 500.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store
transactions for that shop only. Each shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and

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the board director need lots of time to summarize the data collected from all the shops. Besides the
board can’t see the stock information update in real time.

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The table of contents in your technical report should be as follows:

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1. Explain to the board director the fundamentals of cloud computing and how it is popular

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nowadays(500 words)
2. Persuade the board director to use Cloud Computing in ATN(300 words)
3. Proposed solution (higher level solution description – around 200 words).

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4. Explain the appropriateness of the solution for the scenario (350 words with images and
diagrams).
5. Architectural design (architectural diagram and description).
6. Detailed design:
a. Deployment model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
b. Service model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
c. Programming language/ webserver/database server chosen.
7. Summary.

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Table of Contents

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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................................................................8
I.
1.

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P1: Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing....................................................................................8
Evolution of cloud computing..........................................................................................................................................................8

II.
2.

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fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.................................................................................................................................10

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P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario..........................................................13

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Scenario..........................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.
3.

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Purpose of scenario.......................................................................................................................................................................13
Why should we use cloud..............................................................................................................................................................13

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2.
3.
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III. P3 Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario................................................................................................13
Deployment model should be used for scenario..........................................................................................................................13
The Comparison of Top Cloud Deployment Models.....................................................................................................................16
Major cloud service models...........................................................................................................................................................18
4. model selected for the project......................................................................................................................................................18
IV. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.................................................................22
1. The language programming we should be used...........................................................................................................................22
2. The database we should be used..................................................................................................................................................24
3. The diagram....................................................................................................................................................................................26
4. Explain the diagram.......................................................................................................................................................................27
References.................................................................................................................................................................................................28

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LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE

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Figure 1: Evolution of cloud computing............................................................................................................................................9
Figure 2: Cloud Computing.............................................................................................................................................................12

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Figure 3 Public cloud......................................................................................................................................................................15

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Figure 4: Private Cloud...................................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 5: Community Cloud............................................................................................................................................................17

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Figure 6: Hybrid cloud....................................................................................................................................................................18

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Table1: Comparison of Top Cloud Deployment Models..................................................................................................................19
Table 2. Compare SaaS, PaaS, IaaS.................................................................................................................................................23

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Table 3. Compare Node.JS and PHP................................................................................................................................................25
Table 4. Compare NoSQL and SQL..................................................................................................................................................27

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Figure 7: Diagram of PaaS..............................................................................................................................................................28

INTRODUCTION
This assignment will provide details about the development and concepts of Cloud Computing. ATN now includes many
stores that are using the traditional and unoptimized storage model, it takes a long time for data statistics and management
cannot update the stock information in real time. My task is to find out whether Cloud Computing should be applied to ATN.

I. P1: Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.


1. Evolution of cloud computing
Cloud computing is all about renting computing services. This idea first came in the 1950s. In making cloud computing
what it is today, five technologies played a vital role. These are distributed systems and its peripherals, virtualization,
web 2.0, service orientation, and utility computing.

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Figure 1: Evolution of cloud computing

 Distributed Systems:
It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are depicted as a single entity to the users.
The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and also use them effectively and efficiently.
Distributed systems possess characteristics such as scalability, concurrency, continuous availability,
heterogeneity, and independence in failures. But the main problem with this system was that all the systems
were required to be present at the same geographical location. Thus to solve this problem, distributed
computing led to three more types of computing and they were-Mainframe computing, cluster computing,
and grid computing.
 Mainframe computing:
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Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and reliable computing machines.
These are responsible for handling large data such as massive input-output operations. Even today these are

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used for bulk processing tasks such as online transactions etc. These systems have almost no downtime with
high fault tolerance. After distributed computing, these increased the processing capabilities of the system.
But these were very expensive. To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe


technology.
Cluster computing:

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In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe computing. Each machine in the cluster was

k lconnected to each other by a network with high bandwidth. These were way cheaper than those mainframe
systems. These were equally capable of high computations. Also, new nodes could easily be added to the

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cluster if it was required. Thus, the problem of the cost was solved to some extent but the problem related to
geographical restrictions still pertained. To solve this, the concept of grid computing was introduced.

d e  Grid computing:
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that different systems were placed at
entirely different geographical locations and these all were connected via the internet. These systems
belonged to different organizations and thus the grid consisted of heterogeneous nodes. Although it solved
some problems but new problems emerged as the distance between the nodes increased. The main problem
which was encountered was the low availability of high bandwidth connectivity and with it other network
associated issues. Thus. cloud computing is often referred to as “Successor of grid computing”.

 Virtualization:
It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer over the hardware
which allows the user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the hardware. It is a key technology used in
cloud computing. It is the base on which major cloud computing services such as Amazon EC2, VMware
vCloud, etc work on. Hardware virtualization is still one of the most common types of virtualization.

 Web 2.0:
It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact with the clients. It is because of Web
2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic web pages. It also increases flexibility among web pages. Popular

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examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps, Facebook, Twitter, etc. Needless to say, social media is possible
because of this technology only. In gained major popularity in 2004.

 Service orientation:

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It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications.

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Two important concepts were introduced in this computing model. These were Quality of Service (QoS) which
also includes the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

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It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for services such as compute services

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basis.

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Thus, the above technologies contributed to the making of cloud computing.

2. fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing


In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet from a
remote location or computer instead of our computer’s hard drive. This so called remote location has several
properties such as scalability, elasticity etc., which is significantly different from a simple remote machine. The cloud
is just a metaphor for the Internet. When we store data on or run a program from the local computer’s hard drive,
that is called local storage and computing. For it to be considered cloud computing, we need to access our data or
programs over the Internet. The end result is the same; however, with an online connection, cloud computing can

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be done anywhere, anytime, and by any device.

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Figure 2: Cloud Computing

 NIST Definition of Cloud Computing.


The formal definition of cloud computing comes from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST): “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of config-urable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal manage-ment effort or service provider interaction.
This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment
models.

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It means that the computing resource or infrastructure—be it server hardware, storage, network, or
application software—all available from the cloud vendor or provider’s site/premises, can be accessible over

 Cloud Computing Is a Service

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the Internet from any remote location and by any local computing device.

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The simplest thing that any computer does is allow us to store and retrieve information. We can store our

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family photographs, our favorite songs, or even save movies on it, which is also the most basic service offered
by cloud computing. Let us look at the example of a popular application called Flickr to illustrate the meaning

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of this section. While Flickr started with an emphasis on sharing photos and images, it has emerged as a great

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place to store those images. In many ways, it is supe-rior to storing the images on your computer:

e s 1. First, Flickr allows us to easily access our images no matter where we are or what type of device we are
using. While we might upload the photos of our vacation from our home computer, later, we can

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2. Second, Flickr lets us share the images. There is no need to burn them to a CD or save them on a flash drive.
We can just send someone our Flickr address to share these photos or images.
3. Third, Flickr provides data security. By uploading the images to Flickr, we are providing ourselves with data
security by creating a backup on the web. And, while it is always best to keep a local copy—either on a
computer, a CD, or a flash drive—the truth is that we are far more likely to lose the images that we store
locally than Flickr is of losing our images.
 Cloud Computing Is a Platform
The World Wide Web (WWW) The basic meaning of the term platform is that it is the support on which
applications run or give results to the users. For example, Microsoft Windows is a platform. But, a platform
does not have to be an operating system. Java is a platform even though it is not an operating system.
Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform. With trends (applications) such as Office 2.0, more
and more applications that were originally available on desktop computers are now being converted into
web–cloud applications. Word processors like Buzzword and office suites like Google Docs are now available in
the cloud as their desktop counter-parts. All these kinds of trends in providing applications via the cloud are
turning cloud computing into a platform or to act as a platform.
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II. P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario.
1. Scenario

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ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The company has the

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revenue over 500.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store transactions for that shop only. Each

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shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and the board director need lots of time to summarize the data
collected from all the shops. Besides the board can’t see the stock information update in real time.

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2. Purpose of scenario
Deploying website projects on cloud computing will help us:

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- reduce management costs, infrastructure and redundant internal services that the website does not use.
- Easy to manage data in the cloud.

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- can be used when we are anywhere (only need internet).

3. Why should we use cloud


In the context of information technology industrialization, deploying data on the cloud makes it easier for ATN to manage the
source code, minimize costs for unnecessary things and when deploying the website to the computer. The cloud will help the
company have many benefits such as easier access to more customers, more convenience, more sales, easy management
and daily reports, and when using cloud computing, it will help Website linking with larger websites and relying on the
ecosystem in cloud computing services will help the company reach many potential customers, bring the company's revenue
to a new level and break through the sales profit.

III. P3 Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.


1. Deployment model should be used for scenario
There are 4 best implementation models: public, private, hybrid and community clouds.
 Public Cloud: public clouds are available to the general public, and data are created and stored on third-party
servers.

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Figure 3 Public cloud
 Private Cloud: is a solution that is hosted internally (on-premises) or externally (datacentre), on an
infrastructure that is not shared between different users. This architecture is perfect for organisations that
need to maintain exclusive control over their cloud environments. The private cloud is fully managed by and
for an organisation, and meets all the very strictest security requirements. This means it can manage sensitive
data, and guarantee optimal regulatory compliance. Our Hosted Private Cloud solutions address these
challenges by offering a secure, compliant and certified private datacentre. Everything is offered on a pay-as-
you-go basis — the solution, data stores, hosts and licences.

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Figure 4: Private Cloud
Community Cloud: Community Cloud is a hybrid form of private cloud. They are multi-tenant platforms that
enable different organizations to work on a shared platform.

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Figure 5: Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud: A Hybrid cloud is one in which applications are running in a combination of different
environments, combination of public and private clouds.

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Figure 6: Hybrid cloud

2. The Comparison of Top Cloud Deployment Models

Public Private Community Hybrid

Ease of setup and


Easy Requires IT proficiency Requires IT proficiency Requires IT proficiency
use

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Data security and
Low High Comparatively high High

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privacy

Data control
Little to
none
High

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Reliability

Scalability and

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Low

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High Comparatively high High

flexibility

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Cost-effectiveness

Demand for in-house


hardware
The
cheapest

No
Cost-intensive; the most
expensive model

Depends
Cost is shared among
community members

Depends
Cheaper than a private model but
more costly than a public one

Depends

Table1: Comparison of Top Cloud Deployment Models

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3. Major cloud service models

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There are three major cloud service models: software as a service (SaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as
a service (PaaS).

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 software as a service (SaaS)

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Software as a service vendors host the applications, making them available to users via the internet. With

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SaaS, businesses don't have to install or download any software to their existing IT infrastructures. SaaS
ensures that users are always running the most up-to-date versions of the software. The SaaS provider

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 infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

d Infrastructure as a service is used by companies that don't want to maintain their own on-premises data
centers. IaaS provides virtual computing resources over the Internet. The IaaS cloud vendor hosts the
infrastructure components that typically exist in an on-premises data center, including servers, storage and
networking hardware, as well as the hypervisor or virtualization layer.
 platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform as a service offers developers a platform for software development and deployment over the
internet, enabling them to access up-to-date tools. PaaS delivers a framework that developers can use to
create customized applications. The organization or the PaaS cloud vendor manage the servers, storage and
networking, while the developers manage the applications.

4. model selected for the project


we have a solution that is PaaS for the company's project to deploy on cloud computing. And we will explain why we
chose them in the section below.

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Compare deployment models

Paradigm shift
Characteristics
IaaS

Dynamic cloud

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Infrastructure as an asset
SaaS

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License purchasing
Save the time, money
PaaS
Software as an asset
Access for enterprise can

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computing .

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Easy to access to query
Easy to management and
upgrade security
custom design and building
application in SaaS with

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storage, network, server,
and automation.
special software components.
Easy to expanding

d Hardware can be
purchased additionally
based on usage.
Highly expanding.
Resource can buy if they
need.
Features Resources available as a Service management from Built on virtualization
service. central location. technology, resources can
Cost varies depending on Put on remote server. easily scale up or down as
consumption. Access on Internet. your business changes.
Highly scalable services Users do not need to Provides a variety of services
Often there are multiple upgrade hardware and for application development,

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users on a particular software. testing, and deployment.

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hardware. Multiple users can access the

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Provide complete control same service application at

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over your organization's the same time.
infrastructure.
Flexible.

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are integrated.
Benefits

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Limit capital expenditure Limit capital expenditure Streamlined version

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on hardware and human on software and deployment

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resource. development resource.

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Low barriers to entry. Reduced risk.
Disadvantage Business efficiency and Centralization of data Centralization of data requires
productivity largely requires new security
depends on the vendor’s measures
capabilities
Centralization requires
new security measures
When use When capital budget is If server error, software If you are a developer or a
greater than operating Short-term projects that enterprise work with many
budget. require cooperation. people or same supplier.
There is no regular need. PaaS provide best speed and
If the software need to generic to whole process.

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access from mobile and Custom applications with our

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website. own.

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Table 2. Compare SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
After compare, the purpose of company is need an environment to testing and service their custom website in own

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project mind to a cloud can support to run their source code and PaaS is a best model for deploy because PaaS has

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support source code language programming complier and database. And team developer need an environment to

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development website has support server can run the website in environment on brower and complier them.
IV. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario

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1. The language programming we should be used

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To develop website in company, we need to choose a language programming to develop them. We have 2 options for
develop language programming are Node.JS (JavaScript Framework) and PHP. And We will compare for this 2 language
programming and decision to choose a best language programming to develop website.

Node.JS PHP
Framework & module Node.JS has one framework is PHP has Symfony, Laravel,
Express JS. Codeignter,….
Module easy to use and huge Module easy to use and huge
module support for project module support than Node.JS.
support by Node Package Built-in no need to install.
Manager (NPM).
Community More than 65% website power 80% of website powered by PHP

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by Node.JS and grow up day by

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day.

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Speed & Performance Node.JS faster than PHP PHP lower than Node.JS

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Support Client and Server Support both Client-Server Side Support only Sever-Side
Library Quality

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Node.JS modules
There is a censorship of the quality
of the modules

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Synchronous
Asynchronous
None Information
Node.JS is a asynchronous
PHP is a synchronous language
PHP is not a asynchronous

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Database Node.JS must connect with
databases through NPM
PHP has built-in database support
Best with SQL (MySQL)

d Scalability
libraries.
Node.JS is a best if Node.JS
match with NoSQL Database
Easy to scalability Requires proficiency in the language
Website using Netflix, PayPal, Twitter, Yahoo, Facebook, WordPress, Wikipedia,
eBay Digg

Table 3. Compare Node.JS and PHP


After compare, We knew both language is the best develop for website and always has disadvantage. In the website of
ATN company is a E-Commerce website to sell toys and has a huge client to access website,. This things need a language
programming can support process to fast and withstand heavy traffic access. So, We decided to choose Node.JS for
development our project.

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Language programming for Development: Node.JS

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2. The database we should be used

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To choose the database for save the data of website and data of company. We have two database NoSQL and SQL. And

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We will compare for this 2 database and decision to choose a best database match with Node.JS to storage data and
process them.

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Define

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Relational database
NoSQL
NoSQL is distributed database

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Design for RDBMS using syntax and query
SQL to analyst and get details
NoSQL with many technology
database. Using to develop for

d Language query
data
Structured query language (SQL)
modern applications
NoSQL does not using query
language
Type SQL Databases is a database NoSQL based on database
based on table. folder, couple key-value.
Schema SQL databases have predefined NoSQL databases use dynamic
schema schema for unstructured data.
Scalability SQL databases are vertically NoSQL databases are
scalable horizontally scalable
Brand Provider Oracle, Ms-SQL MongoDB, Redis, Neo4j
Hierarchical Data Storage Complex Not suitable for complex queries
Variations One with a slight variation With many type to storage key
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and value
Open-source A combination of open source Open source

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like Postgres & MySQL, and

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commercial like Oracle

Best offer

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Reasonable for solve the ACID NoSQL is best used to solve data

Hardware

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availability problems
Commodity hardware
Network

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ACID & BASE Model
Highly available network
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency,
Commodity network
Basic

d Performance
Isolation, and Durability) is a
standard for RDBMS
Very good and fast if design Faster than SQL
database good and clean
Common Common than NOSQL Grow up very fast

Table 4. Compare NoSQL and SQL


After compare, We have decided to choose NoSQL for our website because we need a database can query faster and can
expanding easy more and more because we do not have many individuals employee. And we decided to choose
MongoDB is a best NoSQL support for many application.
Type Database: NoSQL
Database provider brand: Mongoose DB
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3. The diagram

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Figure 7: Diagram of PaaS
4. Explain the diagram
At the Software and OS step is the first step to deploying an application to the cloud, first developers need to complete
their application to see if the application is stable on internal and external environments. complete or not and this is the
first step (Software & operating systems).

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To the next step we need to choose a cloud service that supports deploying our application and works stably, here we will

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choose Heroku as one of the best cloud services with support for Platforms are stable and support great under the

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infrastructure of Amazon Web Service but have been revised to make it easy to develop applications with modern multi-

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language programming and Databases like Node.JS & NoSQL mentioned earlier in hosting a programming language to

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develop our company's application. (Cloud Services).
Above all, After choosing a cloud service, the next step is to deploy the application to the provider's cloud server and

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follow their deployment step-by-step instructions.

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After all, successfully deploying the system to the cloud, we will have a complete path given to us by the provider under

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their domain name and just need users to access that domain name, they will access into our application.

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References
 GeeksforGeeks. 2020. Evolution of Cloud Computing - GeeksforGeeks. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/evolution-of-cloud-computing/. [Accessed 13 March 2022].

 Technology Idea Lab, S., 2020. The Fundamentals of Cloud Computing | by Sagara Technology Idea Lab |
Medium. [ONLINE] Medium. Available at: https://sagaratechnology.medium.com/the-fundamentals-of-cloud-
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computing-ae69ca7ff576. [Accessed 13 March 2022].
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