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    CO1 Geometrical and Physical Optics PYQ Analysed

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    Avishek Biswas

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    CO1 Geometrical and Physical Optics PYQ Analysed

    Uploaded by

    Avishek Biswas
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    CO1 Geometrical and Physical Optics PYQ Analysed

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    2 views18 pages

    CO1 Geometrical and Physical Optics PYQ Analysed

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    Avishek Biswas

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    CO1 : Geometrical and Physical Optics

    08 July 2024 22:14

    I'd be happy to explain Newton's ring experiment and answer your questions. Let's break this down step by step:

    1. Method to obtain coherent rays:

    In Newton's ring experiment, coherent rays are obtained through division of amplitude. This method involves splitting a single light wave into two parts by partial reflection and partial transmission at an
    interface.

    2. Formation of interference pattern:

    The interference pattern in Newton's ring experiment is formed as follows:

    a) A plano-convex lens is placed on a flat glass plate, creating a thin air film between them.

    b) When light falls on this setup, it's partially reflected from the lower surface of the lens and partially from the upper surface of the glass plate.

    c) These two reflected rays interfere with each other, creating a pattern of concentric bright and dark rings.

    d) The thickness of the air film varies with distance from the point of contact, causing a path difference between the interfering rays, which results in the ring pattern.

    3. Radius of the mth dark ring:

    To show that the radius of the mth dark ring is proportional to √m, we can use the following equation:

    r_m = √(mλR)

    Where:
    r_m = radius of the mth dark ring
    m = ring number
    λ = wavelength of light
    R = radius of curvature of the lens

    As we can see, r_m is directly proportional to √m.

    4. Calculating the radius of curvature:

    Given:
    - Wavelength (λ) = 589.0 nm = 589.0 × 10^-9 m
    - Diameter of 5th ring (D_5) = 33.6 × 10^-5 m
    - Diameter of 15th ring (D_15) = 59.0 × 10^-5 m

    Step 1: Calculate the radii


    r_5 = D_5/2 = 16.8 × 10^-5 m
    r_15 = D_15/2 = 29.5 × 10^-5 m

    Step 2: Use the equation r_m^2 = mλR for both rings


    (16.8 × 10^-5)^2 = 5λR
    (29.5 × 10^-5)^2 = 15λR

    Step 3: Divide the second equation by the first


    (29.5 × 10^-5)^2 / (16.8 × 10^-5)^2 = 15/5

    Step 4: Simplify and solve for R


    R = (29.5^2 - 16.8^2) × 10^-10 / (10λ)
    R = 5.0975 m

    Therefore, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the plano-convex lens is approximately 5.10 m.

    Explanations of terms used:

    1. Coherent rays: Light waves with a constant phase difference, necessary for sustained interference.
    2. Division of amplitude: A method to create coherent light sources by splitting a single wave.
    3. Plano-convex lens: A lens with one flat surface and one convex (outward-curving) surface.
    4. Interference: The superposition of waves, resulting in a pattern of constructive and destructive interactions.
    5. Path difference: The difference in distance traveled by two interfering waves.
    6. Radius of curvature: The radius of the sphere that best approximates the curved surface of the lens.

    Would you like me to elaborate on any part of this explanation?

    Physics Page 1
    fermat
    principle

    interferenc
    e-01

    Physics Page 2
    Physics Page 3
    Physics Page 4
    interferenc
    e-02

    Physics Page 5
    Physics Page 6
    interferenc
    e-03

    Physics Page 7
    Physics Page 8
    fraunhofer-
    single slit ...

    Physics Page 9
    Physics Page 10
    Diffraction
    grating

    Physics Page 11
    Physics Page 12
    Physics Page 13
    Polarization

    Physics Page 14
    Physics Page 15
    ]

    Physics Page 16
    Physics Page 17
    Physics Page 18

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