Chapter-1

Flutter: Introduction to Widgets

Widgets:

● Flutter builds UIs entirely with widgets.

● Widgets are like Lego blocks - you combine them to create complex layouts.
● Each widget describes a part of the UI (its looks, layout, and behavior).
● They are immutable - their state cannot change after creation.
● Widgets are arranged in a hierarchy (like a tree) - parent widgets control their children.

Gestures:

● User interactions like taps, swipes, drags, etc.

● Specific widgets (e.g., GestureDetector) handle gestures.
● These widgets detect gestures and trigger actions within your app.

Concept of State:

● Some widgets (StatefulWidgets) can hold data that changes (state).

● When the state changes, the widget rebuilds to reflect the update.
● Stateless widgets are simpler and faster but can't hold state (ideal for static UI elements).

Layers:

● Widgets Layer: Constructs the UI using widgets.

● Rendering Layer: Handles layout and painting of the widgets.
● Painting Layer: Draws the UI on the screen.
● Gestures Layer: Detects and responds to user gestures.
● Services Layer: Provides core services such as plugins and platform-specific
functionality.
Widget Build Method Visualization (Hello World App):

Let us check the Hello World application’s MyHomePage widget. The code for this purpose is as
given below:

import “package:flutter/material.dart”;
void main()
{
runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp
{
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Hello World App'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Hello, World!'),
),
),
);
}
Explanation:

● The runApp function is the starting point, it takes the root widget (MaterialApp) and sets
it as the main widget for the app.
● The MaterialApp widget's build method is called first. It builds the overall application
structure.
● Inside MaterialApp, the home property defines the child widget, which is a Scaffold
widget in this case.
● The Scaffold widget's build method is called next. It builds the layout structure for the
app (usually a body and optional app bar etc.).
● Inside Scaffold, the body property defines the child widget, which is a Center widget
here.
● The Center widget's build method positions its child widget in the center of the available
space.
● Finally, the Text widget's build method is called. It uses the provided text string ("Hello,
world!") to render the actual text on the screen.

This hierarchy shows how each widget's build method is responsible for building its own UI and
potentially calling the build methods of its child widgets. It continues down the tree until the final
widget (Text) builds the actual visual element.
 Chapter-2
Platform Specific Widgets, Types of Layout Widgets

Platform Specific Widgets:

Platform Specific Widgets are like tools that are specially designed for a particular type of device
or operating system. Think of them as clothes that fit perfectly for a particular person.

Android: Imagine these widgets are designed to look and feel like Android apps. They follow
the Material Design guidelines by Google.

Examples:

● FloatingActionButton: A round button that floats above the content, often used for
primary actions.
● SnackBar: A small banner that appears at the bottom of the screen to show a quick
message.
● BottomNavigationBar: A bar at the bottom of the screen for navigating between
different sections of an app.

IOS: These widgets look and feel like iOS apps. They follow Apple's Cupertino design
guidelines.

Examples:
● CupertinoButton: A button that looks like an iOS button.
● CupertinoSlider: A slider that looks like an iOS slider.
● CupertinoNavigationBar: A navigation bar that looks like an iOS navigation bar.

Advantages
● Feels natural and familiar to users of that platform.
● Better performance and integration with the operating system.

Disadvantages
● More work to create different versions for each platform.
● Less flexibility for customization.
Platform Independent Widgets:

Platform Independent Widgets are like universal tools that work the same way no matter what
type of device you use. Think of them as clothes that fit anyone, regardless of size or shape.

Examples:
● Text: Displays a piece of text.
● Image: Shows an image.
● Container: A versatile box that can contain other widgets and add padding, margins,
borders, and background colors.
● Row: Arranges child widgets in a horizontal line.
● Column: Arranges child widgets in a vertical line.

Advantages
● One set of code works on multiple platforms (Android, iOS, etc.).
● Easier to manage and update since you don’t need to create multiple versions.

Disadvantages
● Might not look exactly like native apps on each platform.
● Sometimes there can be minor performance issues compared to platform-specific
widgets.

Layout Widgets
Layout Widgets are like the layout plans of a room where you decide where to place furniture. In
your app, layout widgets help you arrange other widgets (like text, buttons, images) on the
screen.

Types of Layout Widgets

1. Single Child Widget

2. Multiple Child Widget

Single Child Widget

Single Child Widgets are designed to contain only one widget inside them. Think of them as
boxes that hold one item and maybe do something special to it, like adding padding or centering
it.
Examples
● Container: A versatile box that can add padding, margins, borders, and background
colors to one child widget. It’s like a frame for your picture.
● Padding: Adds space around a single child widget. It’s like putting extra space around a
picture in a frame.
● Align: Aligns one child widget within its boundaries. Imagine positioning a picture to the
left, right, or center of a frame.
● Center: Centers one child widget within itself. It’s like putting a picture exactly in the
middle of a frame.
● SizedBox: Gives a specific size to its single child. It’s like putting a picture in a frame of
a fixed size.

Usage: These are used when you need to apply specific properties to one widget. For example,
centering a text or adding padding around an image.

Multiple Child Widget

Multiple Child Widgets can contain multiple widgets inside them. Think of them as shelves
where you can place multiple items in a particular order.

Examples:
● Row: Arranges its children in a horizontal line, like placing items side by side on a shelf.
● Column: Arranges its children in a vertical line, like stacking items on top of each other.
● Stack: Allows its children to overlap each other, like placing pictures one on top of
another.
● ListView: A scrollable list of widgets arranged in a single column. Think of a list you can
scroll through.
● GridView: A scrollable grid of widgets arranged in rows and columns, like a photo
gallery.

Usage: These are used for more complex layouts where you need to arrange several widgets.
For example, creating a row of buttons or a column of text fields.
 Chapter-3
MaterialApp, Scaffold, Center Widget

StatelessWidget

A stateless widget in Flutter is a widget that describes part of the user interface by building a
constellation of other widgets that describe the user interface more concretely. It does not have
any mutable state of its own, meaning once it is built, it cannot change its appearance or
behavior.

Key Characteristics:

● Immutability: Stateless widgets cannot change their state after they are built. If the UI
needs to update, a new widget must be created.
● Performance: Because they are immutable, stateless widgets are lightweight and
simple, making them more efficient.

MaterialApp
Description:
The MaterialApp widget is the starting point for any Flutter app that uses Material Design. It sets
up various settings and configurations for the app, such as the title, theme, locale, and home
screen.
Key Properties:
1. home: The default route of the app, which is usually the first screen the user sees.
2. title: A one-line description used by the device to identify the app for the user.
3. theme: The theme data for the app, which allows you to customize the colors and styles.
4. debugShowCheckedModeBanner: If true, shows a debug banner on the top right
corner of the screen (useful for development).

Example:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(
title: 'My First Flutter App',
 home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Home Page'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Hello, Flutter!'),
),
),
));
}

In this example MaterialApp is used to set up the app. The home property is set to a Scaffold
widget, which contains an AppBar and a centered Text widget.

Scaffold
Description:
The Scaffold widget provides a structure for the visual interface of a Material Design app. It
implements the basic visual layout structure, including an app bar, body, bottom navigation bar,
floating action button, and drawer.

Key Properties:
1. appBar: A horizontal bar typically shown at the top of the app, containing the app’s title
and other actions.
2. body: The primary content of the Scaffold.
3. floatingActionButton: A button that floats above the content.
4. drawer: A panel that slides in from the side of the app.

Example:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
 appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Scaffold Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('This is the body of the Scaffold.'),
),
),
));
}
In this example the Scaffold provides a basic layout with an AppBar and a centered text in the
body.

Center Widget
Description:
The Center widget is a simple layout widget that centers its child within itself. It is useful when
you want to center a single child widget in the middle of its parent.

Key Properties:
1. child: The widget to be centered.

Example:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Center Widget Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Centered Text'),
),
 ),
));
}
In this example the Center widget is used to center the Text widget within the body of the
Scaffold.

Putting It All Together

Here's a complete example that combines all the above widgets:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Basics',
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Flutter Demo Home Page'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Welcome to Flutter!'),
),
),
);
}
}

Output Screenshot:
 Chapter-4
Text Widget
Text Widget
The `Text` widget in Flutter is used to display a string of text in the application. It supports
various customization options to control its appearance and behavior, making it versatile for
different text presentation needs.
The Text widget in Flutter is used to display a string of text with a single style.
Properties:

● data: The string to display.

● style: Defines the style of the text (e.g., color, font size, font weight).
● textAlign: Aligns the text within the widget (e.g., left, right, center).
● maxLines: The maximum number of lines for the text.
● overflow: Defines how to handle text overflow (e.g., ellipsis, fade).

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Text Widget Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text(
'Hello, Flutter!',
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
maxLines: 2,
overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
),
),
),
);
}
}

Output Screenshot
Explanation of Properties:

● textAlign: This property aligns the text within its container. In this example,
TextAlign.center centers the text horizontally.
● maxLines: This property specifies the maximum number of lines the text can occupy.
Here, maxLines: 2 allows the text to span up to two lines.
● overflow: This property handles how the text should be truncated or displayed when
it exceeds the specified number of lines. In this example,
TextOverflow.ellipsis adds an ellipsis ("...") at the end of the text if it
overflows.

These properties help control the alignment, line limit, and overflow behavior of the text
within the Text widget.

Style Property

The style property of the Text widget in Flutter allows you to customize the appearance
of the text. It accepts a TextStyle object, which provides various options to style the text
in different ways.

TextStyle Properties:

● color: Sets the color of the text.

● fontSize: Sets the size of the text.
● fontWeight: Sets the weight (thickness) of the text. Common values are
FontWeight.bold, FontWeight.normal, etc.
● fontStyle: Sets the style of the text, such as normal or italic (FontStyle.italic).
● letterSpacing: Sets the space between letters.
● wordSpacing: Sets the space between words.
● textBaseline: Aligns the text to the alphabetic or ideographic baseline.
● height: Sets the height of the line (line height), which can be used to increase or
decrease the space between lines of text.
● backgroundColor: Sets the background color of the text.
 ● decoration: Adds decoration to the text, such as underline, overline, or line-through.
It uses TextDecoration.
● decorationColor: Sets the color of the text decoration.
● decorationStyle: Sets the style of the text decoration (e.g., solid, dashed, dotted).
● fontFamily: Sets the font family of the text.
● shadows: Adds shadows to the text.

Example:

Let's look at an example that uses various TextStyle properties to customize the
appearance of the text.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('TextStyle Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text(
'Stylish Text in Flutter!',
style: TextStyle(
color: Colors.purple,
fontSize: 28,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
fontStyle: FontStyle.italic,
letterSpacing: 2.0,
wordSpacing: 4.0,
height: 1.5,
backgroundColor: Colors.yellowAccent,
decoration: TextDecoration.underline,
decorationColor: Colors.blue,
decorationStyle: TextDecorationStyle.dashed,
fontFamily: 'Courier',
shadows: [
Shadow(
offset: Offset(2.0, 2.0),
blurRadius: 3.0,
color: Color.fromARGB(255, 0, 0, 0),
),
 ],
),
),
),
),
);
}
}

Breakdown of the Example:

● color: Sets the text color to purple.

● fontSize: Sets the text size to 28.
● fontWeight: Makes the text bold.
● fontStyle: Makes the text italic.
● letterSpacing: Adds 2 pixels of space between each letter.
● wordSpacing: Adds 4 pixels of space between each word.
● height: Sets the line height to 1.5 times the font size.
● backgroundColor: Sets the background color of the text to yellow.
● decoration: Underlines the text.
● decorationColor: Sets the underline color to blue.
● decorationStyle: Makes the underline dashed.
● fontFamily: Changes the font to Courier.
● shadows: Adds a shadow with an offset, blur radius, and color.

Output ScreenShot
 Chapter-5
Image and Icon Widgets

Image Widget

The Image widget in Flutter is used to display images in the application. It supports loading
images from various sources such as assets, network, and files, allowing for flexible and
dynamic image rendering.

The Image widget in Flutter is used to display images in the application.

Properties:

● image: Specifies the image to display (from assets, network, or file).

● width and height: Define the dimensions of the image.
● fit: Defines how the image should fit within the bounds (e.g., fill, contain, cover).

Example

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Image Widget Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Image.network(

'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2023/11/09/19/36/zoo-8378189_1280.jpg',
width: 200, Output Screenshot
height: 200,
fit: BoxFit.cover,
),
),
),
);
}
}
Steps to Add an Image to Assets

1. Prepare the Image:

○ Ensure the image you want to add is available and in a supported format (e.g.,
PNG, JPEG).
2. Add the Image to the Project Directory:
○ Create a directory in your Flutter project to store your images. A common
convention is to create an assets directory and a subdirectory like images.

your_project/
├── assets/
│ └── images/
│ └── your_image.png
└── lib/
└── main.dart

Update pubspec.yaml:

● Open the pubspec.yaml file in the root directory of your project.

● Add the path to the assets section. Ensure the asset path is correctly indented.

flutter:
assets:
- assets/images/your_image.png

3. Load the Image in Your Code:

● Use the Image.asset widget to display the image in your Flutter app.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Image from Assets Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Image.asset('assets/images/your_image.png'),
),
),
);
 }
}

Icon Widget

The Icon widget in Flutter is used to display graphical icons. It provides a wide range of
predefined icons from Material Design and custom icons, enabling consistent and visually
appealing iconography in the app.

Description:

The Icon widget in Flutter is used to display a graphical icon.

Properties:

● icon: Specifies the icon to display (e.g., from Material Icons or custom icons).
● color: Sets the color of the icon.
● size: Sets the size of the icon.

Example:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Icon Widget Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Icon(
Icons.favorite,
color: Colors.red,
size: 50,
),
),
),
);
}
}
Output Screen Shot
 Chapter-6
Row, Column and SizedBox Widgets
Row Widget

Description: The Row widget arranges its children in a horizontal sequence.

Properties

● Main Axis: Horizontal (left to right by default).

● Cross Axis: Vertical (top to bottom by default).

Use Case: Ideal for arranging widgets side by side, such as buttons, text fields, or icons.

Example with Text and Image Widget:

Column Widget

Description: The Column widget arranges its children in a vertical sequence.

● Main Axis: Vertical (top to bottom by default).

● Cross Axis: Horizontal (left to right by default).

Use Case: Suitable for stacking widgets vertically, like lists, forms, or detailed views.

MainAxisAlignment (Main Axis Alignment)

● Determines how children are aligned along the main axis (horizontal for Row, vertical
for Column):
1. start: Aligns children at the beginning of the main axis.
2. end: Aligns children at the end of the main axis.
3. center: Centers children along the main axis.
4. spaceBetween: Distributes space evenly between children, but not before the first or
after the last child.
5. spaceAround: Distributes space evenly around all children.
 6. spaceEvenly: Distributes space evenly between and around children.

CrossAxisAlignment (Cross Axis Alignment)

● Determines how children are aligned along the cross axis (vertical for Row, horizontal
for Column):
1. start: Aligns children at the start of the cross axis.
2. end: Aligns children at the end of the cross axis.
3. center: Centers children along the cross axis.
4. stretch: Stretches children to fill the cross axis.
5. baseline: Aligns children such that their baselines align.

SizedBox Widget

Description: The SizedBox widget is used to create a fixed size box within the layout. It can
set either width, height, or both.

Use Case: Helpful for adding spacing between widgets, creating fixed dimensions, or acting as
a placeholder.
Complete Example
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
final String flutterLogoUrl =
'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Google-flutter-logo.png';
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Row, Column, SizedBox Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Row( Output Screenshot

mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
 children: [
Image.network(flutterLogoUrl, width: 100, height: 100),
SizedBox(width: 20),
Text('Flutter Logo', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20)),
],
),
SizedBox(height: 30),
Column(
children: [
Text('Welcome to Flutter', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 24)),
SizedBox(height: 10),
Text('Build beautiful apps', style: TextStyle(fontSize:
18)),
],
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
Explanation:

● Row Widget:
○ Arranges its children (Image.network and Text widgets) horizontally.
○ MainAxisAlignment.center aligns children at the center horizontally.
○ A SizedBox with width: 20 adds 20 pixels of space between the
Image.network and Text.
● Column Widget:
○ Stacks its children (Text widgets) vertically below each other.
○ MainAxisAlignment.center aligns children at the center vertically.
○ SizedBox with height: 30 creates 30 pixels of vertical space between the
Row and the first Text widget.
● SizedBox Widget:
○ Used to create fixed dimensions between widgets (width for Row, height
for Column).
○ Helps in adding specific spacing or ensuring consistent layout within the UI.
 Chapter-7
Button Widget

Button Widget:

The button widgets in Flutter are interactive elements used to trigger actions when pressed.
They are essential for user interaction in apps and come in various types.

Common Properties:

1. child: The widget or text displayed as the button's content. It can be a Text widget for
text-based buttons or an Icon widget for icon buttons.
2. onPressed: A callback function that gets triggered when the button is pressed. It defines
the action to perform.

Types of Button Widget

1. Elevated Button
2. TextButton
3. OutlineButton
4. IconButton
5. FloatingActionButton

1. ElevatedButton: A material design button with elevation when pressed.

ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
// Action to perform when button is pressed
},
child: Text('Elevated Button'),
)

2. TextButton: A text-based button with no elevation.

TextButton(
onPressed: () {
// Action to perform when button is pressed
},
child: Text('Text Button'),
)
 3. OutlinedButton: A button with an outlined border.

OutlinedButton(
onPressed: () {
// Action to perform when button is pressed
},
child: Text('Outlined Button'),
)

4. IconButton: A button with an icon.

IconButton(
icon: Icon(Icons.star),
onPressed: () {
// Action to perform when button is pressed
},
)

Complete Example

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar( Output Screenshot
title: Text('Button Widgets Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
print('Elevated Button Pressed');
},
child: Text('Elevated Button'),
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
TextButton(
onPressed: () {
print('Text Button Pressed');
},
 child: Text('Text Button'),
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
OutlinedButton(
onPressed: () {
print('Outlined Button Pressed');
},
child: Text('Outlined Button'),
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
IconButton(
icon: Icon(Icons.thumb_up),
onPressed: () {
print('Icon Button Pressed');
},
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}

Explanation:

● ElevatedButton: When pressed, prints "Elevated Button Pressed" to the console.

● TextButton: When pressed, prints "Text Button Pressed" to the console.
● OutlinedButton: When pressed, prints "Outlined Button Pressed" to the console.
● IconButton: When pressed, prints "Icon Button Pressed" to the console.

FloatingActionButton

The FloatingActionButton widget in Flutter is a button typically placed in a scaffold's

Scaffold.floatingActionButton property, used for primary actions in the application. It floats
above the main content and is usually circular in shape.

Properties of FloatingActionButton:

● onPressed: Callback function invoked when the button is pressed.

● child: Widget displayed inside the button (typically an Icon).
● backgroundColor: Background color of the button.
● foregroundColor: Color of the button's child widget.
● elevation: Elevation (shadow) of the button.
● tooltip: Optional tooltip text displayed when the button is long-pressed.
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
void _showMessage() {
print('Floating Action Button Pressed');
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('FloatingActionButton Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Press the button below!'),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _showMessage,
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: Icon(Icons.add),
),
),
);
}
}

Explanation: Output Screenshot

● onPressed: When the button is pressed, the _showMessage function is called, which
prints a message to the console.
● tooltip: Displays "Increment" when the button is long-pressed, providing a brief
description of the button's action.
● child: The Icon(Icons.add) widget serves as the button's visual representation, displaying
a plus sign inside a circular button.
● floatingActionButton: Positioned at the bottom right corner of the screen by default,
the FloatingActionButton floats above other content in the Scaffold.
 Chapter-8
Expanded, Align, Container, Padding Widgets

Expanded Widget

Description: The Expanded widget expands a child widget to fill the available space along the
main axis (horizontal in a Row, vertical in a Column).

Properties:

● flex: An integer that determines the ratio of space that the child occupies relative to
other expanded children. Defaults to 1 if not specified.
● child: The widget that is expanded to fill the available space.

Use Case: Used within Row or Column to distribute available space among multiple children or
to stretch a single child.

Example: Using Expanded in a Row

Row(
children: [
Expanded(
flex: 2,
child: Container(
color: Colors.blue,
height: 50,
),
),
Expanded(
child: Container(
color: Colors.green,
height: 50,
),
),
],
)

Align Widget

Description: The Align widget aligns its child within itself based on the alignment property.

Properties:

● alignment: Specifies how the child should be positioned within the parent. Uses
Alignment class constants like Alignment.topLeft, Alignment.center, etc.
 ● child: The widget to be aligned within the Align widget's bounds.

Use Case: Useful for aligning a single child widget within a parent widget, adjusting its position
relative to the parent's bounds.

Example: Aligning Text Center in a Container

Container(
height: 100,
width: 100,
color: Colors.grey,
child: Align(
alignment: Alignment.center,
child: Text('Centered Text'),
),
)
Container Widget

Description: The Container widget is a versatile widget that allows customization of its child
widget's appearance, such as alignment, padding, margins, borders, and more.

Properties:

● alignment: Aligns the child within the container. Uses Alignment class constants.
● padding: Creates space around the child widget inside the container.
● margin: Creates space around the outside of the container.
● color: Sets the background color of the container.
● decoration: Applies decoration like border, background image, etc., to the container.

Use Case: Used as a basic layout element to contain and style other widgets within it.

Example: Container with Padding and Border

Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(20),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
border: Border.all(color: Colors.black),
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10),
),
child: Text('Container with Padding and Border'),
)
Padding Widget
Description: The Padding widget adds padding around its child widget.
Properties:

● padding: Defines the padding space. It uses EdgeInsets class to specify padding on all
sides (all), individually (only), or symmetrically (symmetric).
Use Case: Used to add space around a child widget to provide visual separation or prevent
content from touching the edges of its parent.

Example: Padding Around Text

Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(16),
child: Text('Text with Padding'),
)

Complete Example
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
final String imageUrl =

'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Google-flutter-logo.png';
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Widgets Example'),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Expanded(
flex: 2,
child: Container(
color: Colors.blue,
alignment: Alignment.center,
padding: EdgeInsets.all(16),
margin: EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: Text(
'Expanded Container',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20, color: Colors.white),
),
),
),
SizedBox(height: 20),
Align(
alignment: Alignment.center,
child: Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(8),
 child: Text(
'Aligned Text',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 18),
),
),
),
SizedBox(height: 20),
Container(
width: 200,
height: 200,
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.grey[300],
border: Border.all(color: Colors.black, width: 2),
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10),
),
child: Image.network(
imageUrl,
fit: BoxFit.contain,
),
),
SizedBox(height: 20),
ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
// Button action
print('Button Pressed');
},
child: Text('Elevated Button'),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}

Output Screenshot

Explanation:

Expanded Widget:

1. Purpose: Ensures the Container fills the available vertical space in the Column.
 ○ Explanation: The blue Container uses Expanded to take up as much space as
possible vertically (flex: 2), making it larger relative to other widgets.
2. Align Widget:
○ Purpose: Centers the "Aligned Text" within its parent.
○ Explanation: The Align widget centers the Text widget horizontally and vertically
within its parent Column.
3. Container Widget:
○ Purpose: Contains the Image widget with custom styling (border, padding,
margin).
○ Explanation: The Container provides a gray background with a black border,
ensuring the Image inside it (Image.network) is visually distinct and neatly
enclosed.
4. Padding Widget:
○ Purpose: Adds space around the "Aligned Text".
○ Explanation: The Padding widget places padding around the Text widget to give it
some breathing room within the Align widget.
5. Text Widget:
○ Purpose: Displays textual content.
○ Explanation: Simple text widgets used to demonstrate text display within
different layout widgets (Container, Align).
6. Button Widget:
○ Purpose: Triggers an action when pressed.
○ Explanation: The ElevatedButton triggers a print statement when pressed,
showcasing how buttons can be used for user interaction.
7. Image Widget:
○ Purpose: Displays an image fetched from a network URL.
○ Explanation: The Image.network widget loads and displays an image fetched
from the specified imageUrl, demonstrating network image loading capability.
Two Marks Questions:
1. What are Widgets in Flutter?
2. Briefly describe the difference between Stateful and Stateless widgets.
3. What are gestures in Flutter?
4. What is the role of the build method in a Flutter widget?
5. Give two examples each of Platform Specific Widgets for Android and iOS.
6. What is the advantage of using Platform Independent Widgets?
7. What are Single Child Widgets in Flutter, and provide an example.
8. What is the purpose of a Row widget in Flutter layouts?
9. What property in a MaterialApp widget sets the title for the app?
10. What does the Center widget do in Flutter layouts?
11. What is the primary function of the Text widget in Flutter?
12. Briefly describe how the textAlign property affects the text within the Text widget.
13. What property in the Text widget controls how to handle overflowing text?
14. What style property in Flutter sets the font size of the Text widget?
15. What is the primary function of the Image widget in Flutter?
16. What is the purpose of the Icon widget in Flutter?
17. What property in the Image widget controls how an image resizes to fit its container?
18. In which direction does a Row widget arrange its child widgets by default?
19. Briefly describe the purpose of the SizedBox widget in Flutter.
20. What property in a Row or Column widget controls the alignment of child widgets along the main
axis?
21. Briefly describe two common properties of most button widgets in Flutter.
22. What type of button in Flutter has an elevated appearance when pressed?
23. What does the Expanded widget do in Flutter layouts?
24. Briefly describe how the Align widget is used to position its child widget.
25. What property in a Container widget controls the background color?
26. What purpose does padding serve in the Padding widget?
27. Where in the widget tree is the EdgeInsets class typically used?
Five Marks Questions:
1. Describe the different layers involved in rendering a UI in Flutter. Briefly explain the function of each
layer.
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Stateful vs. Stateless widgets?
3. Explain the concept of Platform Specific Widgets in Flutter. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using them in app development.
4. Describe different types of Layout Widgets in Flutter, categorized as Single Child Widgets and
Multiple Child Widgets. Provide examples of each type.
5. Briefly explain the role of Container, Padding, and Center widgets in Flutter?
6. Describe the different properties of the MaterialApp widget and how they configure a Flutter
application.
7. How does the Scaffold widget contribute to the layout structure of a Material Design app in Flutter?
Give an example of the properties it provides.
8. Explain the different properties available for the Text widget in Flutter and how they can be used to
control the layout and appearance of the text.
9. Describe the concept of the style property in the Text widget and how it is used with the TextStyle
object for styling text in Flutter.
10. Explain the different properties available for the Image widget in Flutter and how they are used to
control the display of images.
11. Describe the steps involved in adding an image from your project assets to be used in a Flutter
application.
12. Explain the difference between the Row and Column widgets in Flutter and provide examples of
their use cases.
13. Describe the MainAxisAlignment property and how it affects the alignment of child widgets within a
Row or Column widget.
14. Explain the different types of button widgets available in Flutter and provide an example of each
type.
15. Describe the purpose of the onPressed callback function in a button widget and how it is used.
16. Discuss the functionalities and properties specifically associated with the FloatingActionButton
widget.
17. Explain the functionalities of the Expanded widget and provide an example.
18. Describe the concept of alignment in Flutter and how the Align widget is used to achieve different
alignments for child widgets.
19. How can you achieve various visual effects for a container using properties of the Container widget
in Flutter? Provide examples.
20. Discuss the use cases of the Padding widget and how it affects the layout of child widgets within its
bounds.