Chapter #1

Motion
 what is
physics?
The scientific study of natural forces such as light, sound, heat, electricity, pressure, etc.
Study dealing with natural phenomenas.
 what are
Physical quantities
Scalar - Has only Vector - Has both
magnitude but no magnitude and direction.
direction.
 what is
a unit
Units are nothing but reference standards.
 Unit type for length for mass for time

CGS centimeter gram seconds

FPS foot pound seconds

MKS meter kilogram seconds

SI Unit - International Standard Unit so that units are uniform everywhere in the world and there is no confusion
 Motion
A body is said to be in motion when it changes its position w.r.t. time.
Jaise jaise time aage badh raha hai, waise waise position change ho rahi hai
Motion is relative with repect to observer.
 States of Motion
A body is said to be in

Rest - When body doesn't Motion - When body does

change position w.r.t time. change position w.r.t time.
Types of Motion
Linear Motion - Linear motion is a one-
dimensional motion along a straight line.

Circulatory Motion - The movement of a body

following a circular path is called a circular motion.

Oscillatory Motion - The movement of a

body following a to and fro path.
Quantities
Distance and
Displacement
Distance Displacement
Speed and Velocity
Speed=25m/ Speed=25m/s
Velocity= -20 m/s Velocity +25 m/s
 Speed
Speed - Shows rate of change of motion.
 Velocity
Shows rate of change of motion along with direction of
motion.
Speed and Velocity
S.No. SPEE VELOCIT
D Y
It is defined as the rate
It is defined as the rate
1. of change of
of change of distance.
displacement.

2 It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.

.

3. It can never be negative It can be negative,zero or posituve.

or zero.

Speed is velocity Velocity is directed

4. speed.
without direction.

A body may possess

Speed may or may not
5. different velocities but
be equal to velocity. the same speed.
Uniform vs Non-Uniform
Uniform Motion
Velocity
Constant.
Non-Uniform Motion
Velocity
Changes.
 Average Speed
Total distance travelled
average speed =
Total time taken

An object travels 16m in 4s and then another 16m in 2s. What is the average speed of the object?
Average Velocity
Usha swims in a 90 m long pool. She covers 180 m in one minute by swimming from one end to
the other and back along the same straight path. Find the average speed and average velocity
of Usha.
Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity w.r.t. time.
 Acceleration
Unit

Acceleration can be negative &

positive.

Formula
In-text Question:
When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration?
(ii) non- uniform acceleration?
 Graphs
Position-time graph (x-t) Velocity-time graph (v-t)

Acceleration-time graph (a-t)

 Body at rest
Position-time graph (x-t) Velocity-time graph (v-t) Acceleration-time graph (a-t)
 Body in uniform motion
Position-time graph (x-t) Velocity-time graph (v-t) Acceleration-time graph (a-t)
 Body in uniform acceleration
Position-time graph (x-t) Velocity-time graph (v-t) Acceleration-time graph (a-t)
Kinematic Equations
Graphical Derivation
Graphical Derivation
Graphical Derivation
Question
A train starting from rest attains a velocity of 72 km/h in 5 minutes. Assuming that the acceleration
is uniform, find (i) the acceleration and (ii) the distance travelled by the train for attaining this
velocity.
 Circular Motion
Object moving along circular path with uniform speed, (but not uniform
velocity).

v = 2πr/t
where will the
stone go?
 Assertion : A tiger can accelerate from rest at the rate of 4 m/s2
(Q-1)
. Reason : The velocity attained by it in 10 s is 40 m/s.

(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
 Assertion : A tiger can accelerate from rest at the rate of 4 m/s2
(Q-1)
. Reason : The velocity attained by it in 10 s is 40 m/s.

(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Answer:
A

Explanation: Initial velocity (u) = 0, acceleration (a) = 4

m/s2
v = u + at v = 0 + 4 × 10= 40 m/s.
 A body is thrown vertically upward with velocity u, the greatest
(Q-2)
height h to which it will rise is :

(A)u/g
(B) u2 /2g
(C) u2 /g
(D)u/2g
 A body is thrown vertically upward with velocity u, the greatest
(Q-2)
height h to which it will rise is :

(A)u/g
(B) u2 /2g
(C) u2 /g
(D)u/2g

Answer:
B
 When an object moves at a constant speed and in a straight
(Q-3)
line, what kind of motion is it?

(A) Uniform motion

(B) Nonuniform motion
(C) Circular motion
(D) Accelerated motion
 When an object moves at a constant speed and in a straight
(Q-3)
line, what kind of motion is it?

(A) Uniform motion

(B) Nonuniform motion
(C) Circular motion
(D) Accelerated motion

Answer:
A
(Q-4) How can the rate of motion be measured?

(A) Using a speedometer

(B) Using a ruler
(C) Using a scale
(D) Using a stopwatch
(Q-4) How can the rate of motion be measured?

(A) Using a speedometer

(B) Using a ruler
(C) Using a scale
(D) Using a stopwatch

Answer:
D
 If the time interval between lightning and thunder is 2 seconds, what
(Q-1)
is the distance of the point of lightning? (Speed of sound in air is 346
ms–1)

Answer:
 If the time interval between lightning and thunder is 2 seconds, what
(Q-1)
is the distance of the point of lightning? (Speed of sound in air is 346
ms–1)

Answer:

Speed of light is too high. So, the light reaches almost immediately. The speed
of sound (v) is much lower than that of light. So, distance of lightning point,
d = v×t = (346)×(2) = 692 m
 If the displacement of a body is zero, is it necessary that the
(Q-2)
distance covered by it is also zero ?

Answer:
 If the displacement of a body is zero, is it necessary that the
(Q-2)
distance covered by it is also zero ?

Answer:

No, When the body comes back to the starting position after
travelling a distance, its displacement is zero though it has travelled
some distance.
 Plot the velocity - time graphs showing +a and –a. How is
(Q-3)
distance calculated from velocity - time graph?

Answer:
 Plot the velocity - time graphs showing +a and –a. How is
(Q-3)
distance calculated from velocity - time graph?

Answer:

Distance from velocity - time graph can be calculated by

finding the area under the graph
 What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-
(Q-4)
uniform velocity ?

Answer:
 What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-
(Q-4)
uniform velocity ?

Answer:

Uniform Velocity : An object with uniform velocity covers equal distances in equal intervals of
time in a specified direction e.g., an object moving with speed of 40 kmh–1 towards west has
uniform velocity.

Non-uniform Velocity : When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time
in a specified direction, or if the direction of motion changes, it is said to be moving with a
non?uniform or variable velocity e.g., revolving fan at a constant speed has variable velocity.
 A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.3 m
(Q-5)
s-2 for 2 minutes. Find the distance travelled by bus.

Answer:
 A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.3 m
(Q-5)
s-2 for 2 minutes. Find the distance travelled by bus.

Answer:
(Q-5) Answer:
 Explain the following type of motion with one example for each.
(Q-6) (i) acceleration is positive (ii) acceleration is negative (iii) acceleration is
zero.

Answer:
 Explain the following type of motion with one example for each.
(Q-6) (i) acceleration is positive (ii) acceleration is negative (iii) acceleration is
zero.

Answer:

(i) Here, the motion is accelerated motion, e.g., car moving on a road with
increasing velocity.
(ii) Here, the motion is retarded motion, e.g., brakes applied to a moving car.
(iii) Here, the motion is uniform motion, e.g., car moving with a constant speed
along a road.
 The velocity-time graph shown below represents the motion of
(Q-7)
a body.

(i) During which interval of time, the body is moving with maximum
acceleration ?
(ii) Calculate the average velocity for the entire journey.
Answer:
 On a 120 km long railway track, a train travels the first 80 km at a uniform speed of
(Q-8) 160 km/h. Calculate the speed with which the train should move on the rest of the
track so as to get the average speed of 80 km/h for the entire trip.

Answer:
 On a 120 km long railway track, a train travels the first 80 km at a uniform speed of
(Q-8) 160 km/h. Calculate the speed with which the train should move on the rest of the
track so as to get the average speed of 80 km/h for the entire trip.

Answer:
(Q-9) Study the velocity-time graph and calculate :

(i) The acceleration from A to B

(ii) The acceleration from B to C
(iii) The distance covered in the region ABE
(iv) The average velocity from C to D
(v) The distance covered in the region
BCFE.
Answer:
 The brakes applied to a car produce an acceleration of 6 ms–2 in the opposite
(Q-10) direction to the motion. If the car takes 2s to stop after the application of brakes,
calculate the distance it travels during this time.

Answer:
 The brakes applied to a car produce an acceleration of 6 ms–2 in the opposite
(Q-10) direction to the motion. If the car takes 2s to stop after the application of brakes,
calculate the distance it travels during this time.

Answer:
 From a station ‘X’ a train starts from rest and attains a speed of
(Q-11) 54 km/h in 10 s. Then by applying brakes negative acceleration
of 2.5 ms–2 is produced and it stops at station ‘Y’ in 6 s. Find the
distance between station ‘X’and ‘Y’.

Answer:
 From a station ‘X’ a train starts from rest and attains a speed of
(Q-11) 54 km/h in 10 s. Then by applying brakes negative acceleration
of 2.5 ms–2 is produced and it stops at station ‘Y’ in 6 s. Find the
distance between station ‘X’and ‘Y’.

Answer: