CHAPTER

5 MAGNETISM & MATTER

Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
INTRODUCTION & THE BAR MAGNET
5.1 &
5.2

1. If a bar magnet of pole strength m and magnetic moment 𝑀 is cut perpendicular to its axis in two equal halves then
its new pole strength m′ and magnetic moment M ′ are respectively NCERT Page-177 / N-139
′ ′
(a) m = m and M = M
𝑀
(b) 𝑚′ = 𝑚 and 𝑀′ = 2
m
(c) m′ = 2
and M ′ = 2M
𝑀
(d) 𝑚′ = 2𝑚 and 𝑀′ = 2

2*. A small bar magnet placed with its axis at 30∘ with an external field of 0.06T experiences a torque of 0.018Nm.
The minimum work required to rotate it from its stable to unstable equilibrium position is :
(a) 6.4 × 10−2 J NCERT Page-178 / N-139
−3
(b) 9.2 × 10 J
(c) 7.2 × 10−2 J
(d) 11.7 × 10−3 J

3. For bar magnet effective length (Le ) related with geometrical length (Lg ) as NCERT Page-177 / N-139
6 5
(a) Le = 5 Lg (b) Le = 6 Lg (c) Le = Lg (d) Le = 2Lg

4. A bar magnet is cut into two equal halves by a plane parallel to the magnetic axis. Of the following physical
quantities the one which remains unchanged is NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(a) pole strength (b) magnetic moment
(c) intensity of magnetization (d) None of these

5. A steel wire of length ℓ has a magnetic moment 𝑀. It is bent in L-shape (Figure). The new magnetic
moment is NCERT Page-177 / N-139
 𝑀 𝑀
(a) M (b) (c) (d) 2M
√2 2

6. Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity directed from NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(a) south pole to north pole
(b) north pole to south pole
(c) east to west
(d) west to east

7. A thin bar magnet of length 2ℓ and breadth 2 b pole strength m and magnetic moment 𝑀 is divided into four equal
parts with length and breadth of each part being half of original magnet. Then the pole strength of each part is
(a) m NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(b) m/2
(c) 2m
(d) m/4

8. The force between magnetic poles when their pole strength and the distance between them both doubled is
(a) twice the previous value
(b) half the previous value
(c) four times the previous value
(d) not change

9. A coil in the shape of an equilateral triangle of side 10cm lies in a vertical plane between the pole pieces of
permanent magnet producing a horizontal magnetic field 20mT. The torque acting on the coil when a current of 0.2
𝐴 is passed through it and its plane becomes parallel to the magnetic field will be √x × 10−5 Nm. The value of x is
(a) 3 NCERT Page-178 / N-139
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 9

10. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 𝑀, is placed in magnetic field of induction 𝐵. The torque exerted on it is
⃗⃗ 𝐵
(a) 𝑀 ⃗ NCERT Page-178 / N-139
(b) −𝑀 ⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
⃗
(c) ⃗M
⃗⃗ × ⃗B
⃗ × ⃗M
(d) −B ⃗⃗

11. The magnetic moment of a bar magnet is thus ...A... to the magnetic moment of an equivalent solenoid that produces
the same magnetic field. Here, 𝐴 refers to NCERT Page-177 / N- 139
(a) unequal
(b) different
(c) equal
(d) same
12. The pole strength of the magnet does not depend on NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(a) area of cross-section
(c) length of the magnet
(b) nature of material
(d) both (a) and (b)

13. A magnetic needle suspended parallel to a magnetic field requires √3J of work to turn it through 60∘ . The torque
needed to maintain the needle in this position will be: NCERT Page-178 / N- 139
(a) 2√3𝐽
(b) 3J
(c) √3J
3
(d) 2 J

14. Magnetic lines of force due to a bar magnet do not intersect because NCERT Page-175 / N-138
(a) a point always has a single net magnetic field
(b) the lines have similar charges and so repel each other
(c) the lines always diverge from a single force
(d) None of these

15. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet NCERT Page-175 / N-138
(a) are from N-pole to S-pole of magnet
(b) do not exist
(c). depend upon the area of cross section of bar magnet
(d) are from S-pole of magnet

16. A circular loop carrying a current is replaced by an equivalent magnetic dipole. A point on the axis of the loop is in
(a) end-on position NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(c) both
(b) broadside-on position
(d) None of these

17. A bar magnet has a length 8cm. The magnetic field at a point at a distance 3cm from the centre in the broad sideon
position is found to be 4 × 10−6 𝑇. The pole strength of the magnet is. NCERT Page-177 / N-139
−5
(a) 6 × 10 Am
(b) 5 × 10−5 Am
(c) 2 × 10−4 Am
(d) 3 × 10−4 Am

18*. The work done in turning a magnet of magnetic moment M by an angle of 90∘ from the meridian, is 𝑛
times the corresponding work done to turn it through an angle of 60∘ . The value of 𝑛 is
given by NCERT Page-176/N-139
(a) 2
(b) 1
 (c) 0.5
(d) ⋅ 0.25

19. The ratio of magnetic fields due to a smaller bar magnet in the end on position to broad side on position is
(a) 1/4 NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(b) 1/2
(c) 1
(d) 2

20. Let 𝑟 be the distance of a point on the axis of a bar magnet from its centre. The magentic field at such a point is
proportional to NCERT Page-177 / N-139
1
(a)
r
1
(b) 𝑟2
1
(c) 𝑟3
(d) None of these

21 *A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.4JT −1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.16T.
The magnet is in stable equilibrium when the potential energy is NCERT/ Page-178 / N-139
(a) 0.064
(b) zero
(c) −0.082J
(d) 0.064J

22. The magnetic moment of a magnet is 0.1amp × m2. It is suspended in a magnetic field of intensity 3 × 10−4 weber/
m2 . The couple acting upon it when deflected by 30∘ from the magnetic field is NCERT/ Page-177 / N-139
−5
(a) 1 × 10 Nm
(b) 1.5 × 10−5 Nm
(c) 2 × 10−5 Nm
(d) 2.5 × 10−5 Nm

23*. A magnet of magnetic moment 20 C.G.S. units is freely suspended in a uniform magnetic field of intensity
0.3 C.G.S. units. The amount of work done in deflecting it by an angle of 30∘ in C.G.S. units is
(a) 6 NCERT Page-178 / N-139
(b) 3√3
(c) 3(2 − √3)
(d) 3

24. A magnet of length 0.1m and pole strength 10−4 A.m. is kept in a magnetic field of 30Wb/m2 at an angle 30∘ . The
couple acting on it is × 10−4 Nm. NCERT Page-177/ N-139
(a) 7.5
(b) 3.0
 (c) 1.5
(d) 6.0

25. The magnetic dipole moment of a coil is 5.4 × 10−6 joule/ tesla and it is lined up with an external magnetic
field whose strength is 0.80T. Then the work done in rotating the coil (for = 180∘ ) is NCERT Page-178/ N-139
(a) 4.32𝜇J
(b) 2.16𝜇J
(c) 8.6𝜇J
(d) None of these.

25. A bar magnet having a magnetic moment of 2.0 × 105 JT −1, is placed along the direction of uniform
magnetic field of magnitude B = 14 × 10−5 T. The work done in rotating the magnet slowly through 60∘ from the
direction of field is : NCERT Page-177 / N-139
(a) 14J
(b) 8.4J
(c) 4J
(d) 1.4J

26. A short bar magnet, placed with its axis at 30∘ with an external magnetic field of 0.16T, experiences a torque of
magnitude 0.032J. The magnetic moment of the bar magnet is (in units of J/T ) NCERT/ Page-178 / N-139
(a) 4
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.5
(d) 0.4

28. A bar magnet having centre 𝑂 has a length of 4cm. Point P1 is in the broad side-on and P2 is in the end side-on
position with OP1 = OP2 = 10 metres. The ratio of magnetic intensities H at P1 and P2 is
(a) H1 : H2 = 16: 100 NCERT Page-177 /N − 139
(c) H1 : H2 = 2: 1
(b) H1 : H2 = 1: 2
(d) H1 : H2 = 100: 16

29. The force between two short bar magnets with magnetic moments 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 whose centres are 𝑟 metres apart is 8
N when their axes are in same line. if the separation is increased to 2r, the force between them is reduced to
(a) 4N NCERT Page-178
(b) 2N
(c) 1N
(d) ⬚0.5N

30. Two points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are situated at a distance 𝑥 and 2𝑥 respectively from the nearer pole of a magnet 2cm long. The
ratio of magnetic field at 𝐴 and 𝐵 is NCERT Page-177/ N-139
(a) 4: 1 exactly
(b) 4: 1 approximately
 (c) 8:1 approximately
(d) 1:1 approximately

31. If a magnetic dipole of moment 𝑀 situated in the direction of a magnetic field 𝐵 is rotated by 180∘ , then the amount
of work done is NCERT Page-178 / N-139
(a) MB
(b) 2MB
𝑀𝐵
(c)
√2
(d) √MB

32. A torque of 10−5 Nm is required to hold a magnet at 90∘ with the horizontal component H of the earth's magnetic
field. The torque to hold it at 30∘ will be NCERT Page-177/ N-139
−6
(a) 5 × 10 Nm
(b) data is insufficient
1
(c) 3 × 10−5 Nm
(d) 5√3 × 10−6 Nm

5.3 MAGNETISM AND GAUSS’S LAW

33*. According to Gauss's Law, the net magnetic flux through any closed surface, kept in a magnetic field is
(a) zero NCERT Page-182/ N-142
𝜇
(b) 4𝜋0
(c) 4𝜋𝜇0
4𝜇0
(d) 𝜋

5.4 MAGNETISATION AND MAGNETIC INTENSITY

34*. The moment of a magnet (15cm × 2cm × 1cm) is 1.2A − m2 . What is its intensity of magnetisation?
(a) 4 × 104 Am−1 NCERT Page-189/ N-145
4 −1
(c) 10 Am
(b) 2 × 104 Am−1
(d) None of these

35*. A permanent magnet in the shape of a thin cylinder of length 10cm has magnetisation (𝑀) = 106 Am−1.
Its magnetization current 𝐼𝑀 is NCERT Page-190/N-146
5
(a) 10 A
(b) 106 A
(c) 107 A
(d) 108 A
36. Assume that each iron atom has a permanent magnetic moment equal to 2 Bohr magnetons ( 1 Bohr magneton
= 9.27 × 10−24 A − m2 ). The density of atoms in iron is 8.52 × 1028 atoms /m3 . Find the maximum magnetic
moment per unit volume. NCERT Page-190 /N − 146
(a) 1.5 × 102 A ∣ m
(b) 1.58 × 106 A/m
(c) 1.2 × 105 A ∣ m
(d) 1.3 × 106 A ∣ m

37*. Which of the following is not correct about relative magnetic permeability (𝜇r ) ? NCERT Page-190 / N-146
(a) It is a dimensions less pure ratio.
(b) For vacuum medium its value is one.
(c) For ferromagnetic materials 𝜇𝑟 >> 1
(d) For paramagnetic materials 𝜇r > 1.

38*. The ratio of intensity of magnetization and magnetizing field is called NCERT Page-190 / N-146
(a) permeability
(c) magnetic intensity
(b) magnetic intensity
(d) magnetic susceptibility

39. If 𝜇0 is absolute permeability of vacuum and 𝜇𝑟 is relative magnetic permeability of another

medium, then permeability 𝜇 of the medium is NCERT Page-190 / N-146
(a) 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟
(b) 𝜇0 /𝜇𝑟
(c) 𝜇𝑟 /𝜇0
(d) 1/𝜇0 𝜇𝑟

40 ∗. The magnetic susceptibility is given by NCERT Page-190 / N-146

1
(a) 𝜒 = H
𝐵
(b) ⬚𝜒 = 𝐻
𝑀net
(c) 𝜒 = 𝑉
𝑀𝑧
(d) 𝜒 = 𝐻

41 . The susceptibility of annealed iron at saturation is 5500 . Find the permeability of annealed
iron at saturation. NCERT Page-190 / N-146
−3
(a) 6.9 × 10
(b) 5.1 × 10−2
(c) 5 × 102
(d) 3.2 × 10−5
 42*. A magnetizing field of 2 × 103 Am−1 produces a magnetic flux density of 8𝜋T in an iron rod.
The relative permeability of the rod will be NCERT Page-190/N-146
2
(a) 10
(b) 1
(c) 104
(d) 103

43 ∗. If relative permeability of iron is 2000 . Its absolute permeability in S.I. units is NCERT Page-190 / N-146
(a) 8𝜋 × 10−4
(b) 8𝜋 × 10−3
(c) 800/𝜋
(d) 8𝜋 × 109 /𝜋

44∗ . The relative permeability of a medium is 0.075 . What is its magnetic susceptibility?
(a) 0.925 NCERT Page-190/.N-146
(b) -0.925
(c) 1.075
(d) -1.075

5.5 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

45. A curve between magnetic moment and temperature of magnet is NCERT Page 193/N − 148

46. Needles 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 and 𝑁3 are made of a ferromagnetic, a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic substance respectively. A
magnet when brought close to them will
(a) attract 𝑁1 and 𝑁2 strongly but repel 𝑁3
(b) attract 𝑁1 strongly, 𝑁2 weakly and repel 𝑁3 weakly
(c) attract 𝑁1 strongly, but repel 𝑁2 and 𝑁3 weakly
(d) attract all three of them

47. Metals getting magnetized by orientation of atomic magnetic moments in external magnetic field are called
(a) diamagnetic NCERT Page-192 / N-148
(b) paramagnetic
 (c) ferromagnetic
(d) antimagnetic

48. The magnetic susceptibility for diamagnetic materials is NCERT Page-192 / N-148
(a) small and negative
(b) small and positive
(c) large and positive
(d) large and negative

49. Among which of the following the magnetic susceptibility does not depend on the temperature?
(a) Dia-magnetism NCERT & Page-192 ! N-148
(b) Para-magnetism
(c) Ferro-magnetism
(d) Ferrite

50. Curie temperature is the temperature above which NCERT Page-193 / N-149
(a) a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
(b) a paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
(c) a ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
(d) a paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic

51. A material is placed in a magnetic field and it is thrown out of it. Then the material isNCERT Page-192 / N-148
(a) paramagnetic
(b) diamagnetic
(c) ferromagnetic
(d) non-magnetic

52. Identify the correctly matched pair NCERT Page-192 / N-147, 148
(a) Diamagnetic - Gadolinium
(b) Soft ferromagnetic - Alnico
(c) Hard ferromagnetic - Copper
(d) Paramagnetic - Sodium

53. Relative permittivity and permeability of material are 𝜀𝑟 and 𝜇𝑟 , respectively. Which of the following values of these
quantities are allowed for a diamagnetic material? NCERT & Page-193 /N − 148
(a) 𝜀𝑟 = 1.5, 𝜇𝑟 = 0.5
(b) 𝜀𝑟 = 0.5, 𝜇𝑟 = 0.5
(c) 𝜀𝑟 = 1.5, 𝜇𝑟 = 1.5
(d) 𝜀𝑟 = 0.5, 𝜇𝑟 = 1.5

54. Magnetic permeability is maximum for

(a) diamagnetic substance NCERT Page-192 / N-149
(b) paramagnetic substance
(c) ferromagnetic substance
(d) All of the above
55. When the temperature of a magnetic material decreases, the magnetization
(a) decreases in a diamagnetic material
(b) decreases in a paramagnetic material
(c) decreases in a ferromagnetic material
(d) remains the same in a diamagnetic material

56. A ferromagnetic material is heated above its curie temperature. Which one is a correct statement?
(a) Ferromagnetic domains are perfectly arranged NCERT Page-193 / N-149
(b) Ferromagnetic domains become random
(c) Ferromagnetic domains are not influenced
(d) Ferromagnetic material changes into diamagnetic material

57. According to Curie's law, NCERT〈 Page-194 / N-149

(a) 𝜒 ∝ (T − Tc )
1
(b) 𝜒 ∝
T−Tc
1
(c) 𝜒 ∝
𝑇
(d) 𝜒 ∝ T

58. Susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance is NCERT_ Page-193 / N-149

(a) > 1
(b) < 1
(c) 0
(d) 1

59. If the susceptibility of dia, para and ferromagnetic materials are 𝜒d , 𝜒p , 𝜒f respectively, then
(a) 𝜒d < 𝜒p < 𝜒f NCERT Page-192, 193 / N-149.
(b) 𝜒d < 𝜒f < 𝜒p
(c) 𝜒f < 𝜒d < 𝜒p
(d) 𝑥f < 𝑥p < 𝑥d

60. The magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic substances at −73∘ C is 0.0060 , then its value
at −173∘ C will be NCERT Page-193 / N-148
(a) 0.0030
(b) 0.0120
(c) 0.0180
(d) 0.0045

61. The susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is 99 . The permeability of the material in 𝑊𝑏/𝐴 − 𝑚 is :
[Permeability of free space 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 Wb/A − m ] NCERT Page-193 / N-148
−7
(a) 4𝜋 × 10
(b) 4𝜋 × 10−4
(c) 4𝜋 × 10−5
(d) 4𝜋 × 10−6
62. If a paramagnetic liquid is placed in a watch glass, resting on the pole pieces, the liquid accumulates where the field
is NCERT Page-193 / N-148
(a) zero
(b) weak
(c) strong
(d) None of these

Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & NEET

NCERT Exemlar Questions

1*. Consider the two idealised systems (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and
(ii) a long solenoid of length 𝐿 >> 𝑅, radius of cross-section. In (i) E is ideally treated as a constant between
plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside.
These idealised assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as below NCERT Page-176 / N-142
(a) case (i) contradicts Gauss' law for electrostatic fields
(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss' law for magnetic fields
(c) case (i) agrees with ∮ ⬚𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑𝑙 = 0.
(d) case (ii) contradicts ∮ ⬚𝐻 ⋅ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝐼𝑒𝑛

2. A paramagnetic sample shows a net magnetisation of 8 Am−1 when placed in an external magnetic field of 0.6T at a
temperature of 4K. When the same sample is placed in an external magnetic field of 0.2T at a temperature of 16K,
the magnetisation will be NCERT Page-193
32
(a) 3
Am−1
2
(b) 3 Am−1
−1
(c) 6Am
(d) 2.4Am−1

NEET

3. The magnetic susceptibility is negative for: NCERT Page-193

(a) diamagnetic material only
(b) paramagnetic material only
(c) ferromagnetic material only
(d) paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials

4. A thin diamagnetic rod is placed vertically between the poles of an electromagnet. When the current
in the electromagnet is switched on, then the diamagnetic rod is pushed up, out of the horizontal magnetic
field. Hence the rod gains gravitational potential energy. The work required to do this comes from
(a) the current source NCERT Page-192
 (b) the magnetic field
(c) the induced electric field due to the changing magnetic field
(d) the lattice structure of the material of the rod

5. An iron rod of susceptibility 599 is subjected to a magnetizing field of 1200Am−1. The permeability of the
material of the rod is : (𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 TmA−1 ) NCERT Page-190 / N-146
−5 −1
(a) 8.0 × 10 TmA
(b) 2.4𝜋 × 10−5 TmA−1
(c) 2.4𝜋 × 10−7 TmA−1
(d) 2.4𝜋 × 10−4 TmA−1

6. The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is NCERT/ Page-182 / N-142
(a) Zero
(b) Positive
(c) Infinity
(d) Negative

Exercise 1 : (NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs)

1 (b) 8 (d) 15 (d) 22 (b) 29 (d) 36 (b) 43 (a) 50 (a) 57 (c)
2 (c). 9 (a) 16 (a) 23 (c) 30 (c) 37 (d) 44 (b) 51 (b) 58 (a)
3 (b) 10 (c) 17 (a) 24 (c) 31 (b) 38 (d) 45 (c) 52 (d) 59 (a)
4 (c) 11 (c) 18 (a) 25 (c) 32 (a) 39 (a) 46 (b) 53 (a) 60 (b)
5 (b) 12 (c) 19 (d) 26 (a) 33 (a) 40 (d) 47 (b) 54 (c) 61 (c)
6 (a) 13 (b) 20 (d) 27 (d) 34 (a) 41 (a) 48 (a) 55 (d) 62 (c)
7 (b) 14 (a) 21 (a) 28 (b) 35 (a) 42 (c) 49 (a) 56 (b)

Exercise 2 : (NCERT Exemplar & NEET )

1 (b) 3 (a) 5 (d)
2 (b) 4 (a) 6 (a)
 HINTS & SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE - 1
ℓ
1. (b) When a bar magnet cut perpendicular to its axis into two equal parts then m′ = m and length ℓ′ = 2
ℓ 𝑀
∴ M ′ = m′ ℓ′ = m =
2 2

2. (c) Here, 𝜃 = 30∘ , 𝜏 = 0.018N − m, 𝐵 = 0.06T

Torque on a bar magnet :

𝜏 = 𝑀𝐵sin⁡ 𝜃 ⇒ 0.018 = 𝑀 × 0.06 × sin⁡ 30∘

1
⇒ 0.018 = 𝑀 × 0.06 × ⇒ 𝑀 = 0.6A − m2 .
2

Position of stable equilibrium (𝜃 = 0∘ )

Position of unstable equilibrium (𝜃 = 180∘ )

Minimum work required to rotate bar magnet from stable to unstable equilibrium

Δ𝑈 = 𝑈𝑓 − 𝑈𝑖 = −𝑀𝐵cos⁡ 180∘ − (−𝑀𝐵cos⁡ 0∘ )

𝑊 = 2𝑀𝐵 = 2 × 0.6 × 0.06 ⇒ 𝑊 = 7.2 × 10−2 J

3. (b)

4. (c)

5. (b) Magnetic moment, M = mℓ

𝑀
= 𝑚, where m is the polestrength.
ℓ

Therefore distance between poles = √(ℓ/2)2 + (ℓ/2)2

ℓ mℓ 𝑀
= So, 𝑀′ = = .
√2 √2 √2

6. (a)
7. (a) As breadth of each part is half the original breadth,
therefore, pole strength becomes half (i.e. m/2 ).
𝑚1 𝑚2
8. (d) 𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑟2

9. (a) Given,

Side of triangle, ℓ = 10cm = 10 × 10−2 m

 Magnetic field, 𝐵 = 20mT = 20 × 10−3 T

Current, I = 0.2A

√3 2
Area of equilateral triangle, 𝐴 = 4
ℓ .

Torque, 𝜏 = ⃗M
⃗⃗ × ⃗B = MBsin⁡ 90∘

i√3ℓ2 0.2 × √3 × (10 × 10−2 )2

= IAB = B= × 20 × 10−3
4 4

∴ 𝜏 = √3 × 10−5 Nm

10. (c)

11. (c) The magnetic moment of a bar magnet is thus equal to the magnetic moment of an equivalent solenoid that
produces the same magnetic field.

12. (c)

13. (b) According to work energy theorem

𝑀𝐵
𝑊 = 𝑈final − 𝑈initial = 𝑀𝐵(cos⁡ 0 − cos⁡ 60∘ )𝑊 = = √3𝐽
2

𝑀𝐵√3
⃗⃗ × 𝐵
𝜏=𝑀 ⃗ = 𝑀𝐵sin⁡ 60∘ = ( )
2

From equation (i) and (ii)

2√3 × √3
𝜏= = 3J
2
14. (a)

15. (d)

16. (a)

17. (a) Magnetic field due to a bar magnet in the broad-side on position is given by

𝜇0 𝑀
𝐵= ; 𝑀 = 𝑚ℓ.
4𝜋 ℓ2 3/2
[𝑟 2 + 4 ]

After substituting the values and simplifying we get

𝐵 = 6 × 10−5 A − m
18. (a) Magnetic moment = 𝑀; Initial angle through which magnet is turned (𝜃1 ) = 90∘ and final angle which magnet
is turned (𝜃2 ) = 60∘ . Work done in turning the magnet through 90∘ (W1 ) = MB(cos⁡ 0∘ − cos⁡ 90∘ ) = MB(1 − 0)
= MB.

Similarly, W2 = MB(cos⁡ 0∘ − cos⁡ 60∘ )

1 MB
= MB (1 − 2) = 2
.

∴ W1 = 2W2 or n = 2.

19. (d)

20. (d)

21. (a) For stable equilibrium U = −MB = −(0.4)(0.16) = −0.064J

22. (b) 𝜏 = MBsin⁡ 𝜃 = 0.1 × 3 × 10−4 sin⁡ 30∘ or 𝜏 = 1.5 × 10−5 N − m.

√3
23. (c) Work done 𝑊 = 𝑀𝐵𝐻 (1 − cos⁡ 𝜃) = 20 × 0.3(1 − cos⁡ 30∘ ) = 6 (1 − ) = 3(2 − √3)
2

24. (c) 𝜏 = 𝑀𝐵sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚 × (2ℓ) × 𝐵sin⁡ 𝜃 = 10−4 × 0.1 × 30sin⁡ 30∘ = 1.5 × 10−4 Nm

25. (c) The potential energy of a magnetic dipole 𝑚 placed in an external magnetic dipole is 𝑈 = −𝑚 ⃗.
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
Therefore, work done in rotating the dipole is-

W = ΔU =2mB = 2 × 5.4 × 10−6 × 0.8

= 8.6 × 10−6 Joule

26. (a) Work done is rotating a dipole for 𝜃 = 𝜃1 to 𝜃 = 𝜃2 is given by

𝑊 = 𝑀𝐵(cos⁡ 𝜃1 − cos⁡ 𝜃2 ) = 𝑀𝐵(cos⁡ 0∘ − cos⁡ 60∘ )

𝑀𝐵 2 × 105 × 14 × 10−5
= = = 14J
2 2

27. (d) Torque, 𝜏 = 𝑀𝐵sin⁡ 𝜃

𝜏 0.032 0.032 × 2
⇒M= = = = 0.4J/T
Bsin⁡ 𝜃 0.16 × sin⁡ 30∘ 0.16 × 1
28. (b) Magnetic intensity on end side -on position is twice than broad side on position.
1
29. (d) As F ∝ r4 and r becomes twice, therefore,

1 1 1
F becomes 24 = 16 times ⬚ ∴ 16 × 8 = 0.5N.

30. (c) Taking distances from the centre of the magnet,

 B1 x2 3 2x + 1 3
=( ) =( ) = 8: 1, approximately.
B2 x1 x+1

31. (b) Work done in rotating the magnetic dipole from position 𝜃1 = 0∘ to 𝜃2 = 180∘
∵ 𝑊 = 𝑀𝐵(cos⁡ 𝜃1 − cos⁡ 𝜃2 )

∴ 𝑊 = 𝑀𝐵(cos⁡ 𝜃 ∘ − cos⁡ 180∘ ) = 2𝑀𝐵

32. (a) The torque acting on the magnet of magnetic moment 𝑀, when held at angle 𝜃 to magnetic field B, 𝜏 = MBsin⁡ 𝜃
𝜏 = MBsin⁡ 30∘ = 0.5 × 10−5 Nm.

= 5 × 10−6 Nm

33. (a) According to Gauss's law, the net magnetic flux through any closed surface, kept in a magnetic field is zero.

34. (a) Intensity of magnetisation

𝑀 1.2
𝐼𝑚 = = = 4 × 104 Am−1
𝑉 (15 × 2 × 1)10−6

35. (a) As𝐵𝐼 = 𝜇0 𝑀𝐼𝑀 = 𝜇0 (𝐼 + 𝐼𝑀 )

Here, 𝐼 = 0

Then 𝜇0 𝑀𝐼 = 𝜇0 (𝐼𝑀 )

⇒ ⬚𝐼𝑀 = 𝑀𝐼 = 106 × 0.13 10−5 A

36. (b) The total magnetic moment per unit volume.

(8.52 × 1028 ) × (2 × 9.27 × 10−24 )
=
1
= 1.58 × 106 A/m

37. (d) Relative magnetic permeability

magnetic permeability of material (𝜇)
𝜇𝑟 =
permeability of free space (𝜇0 )

It is a dimensionless pure ratio and for paramagnetic materials 𝜇𝑟 > 1.

38. (d)

39. (a) Relative magnetic permeability

𝜇
40. (d) 𝜇𝑟 = ⇒ 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑜 × 𝜇𝑟
𝜇0

41. (a)
 𝜇𝑟 = 1 + 𝑥
= 1 + 5500 = 5501
We know that ⬚
∴ 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟 𝜇0 = (5501) ×(4𝜋 × 10−7 )
= 6.9 × 10−3

42. (c) Here, 𝐻 = 2 × 103 A−1 , 𝐵 = 8𝜋T, 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 107

𝜇 𝜇𝐻 𝐵
Since 𝜇𝑟 = 𝜇 = 𝜇 =𝜇
0 0𝐻 0𝐻

8𝜋
= = 104
4𝜋 × 10−7
× 2 × 103

43. (a) 𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇r = (4𝜋 × 10−7 ) × 2000 = 8𝜋 × 10−4 S.I. units

44. (b) From 𝜇r = 1 + 𝜒m ;

Magnetic suscaptibility, 𝜒𝑚 = 𝜇𝑟 − 1

𝜒m = 0.075 − 1 = −0.925.

45. (c) Magnetism of a magnet falls with rise of temperatue and becomes practically zero above curie temperature.

46. (b) Ferromagnetic substance has magnetic domains whereas paramagnetic substances have magnetic dipoles which
get attracted to a magnetic field. Ferromagnetic material magnetised strongly in the direction of magnetism field,
Hence, 𝑁1 will be attracted. Paramagnetic substance attract weekly in the direction of field. Hence, N2 will weakly
attracted. Diamagnetic substances do not have magnetic dipole but in the presence of external magnetic field due to
their orbital motion of electrons these substances are repelled. Hence, N3 will be repelled.

47. (b)

48. (a)

49. (a) Diamagnetic substance do not obey Curie's law and 𝜒𝑚 is independent of 𝑇.

50. (a)
(a)

51. (b)

52. (d)

53. (a) 𝜇𝑟 < 1 and 𝜀𝑟 > 1.

54. (c)

55. (d) When the temperature of a magnetic material decreases, the magnetization remains the same in a diamagnetic
material.

56. (b) Beyond curie temperature, ferormagnetic material turns into paramagnetic material, as if ferromagnetic domains
become random.

57. (c)
58. (a)

59. (a) 𝜒d < 𝜒p < 𝜒f

For diamagnetic substance 𝜒𝑑 is small negative (10−5 )

For paramagnetic substances 𝜒𝑝 is small and positive (10−3 to 10−5 )

For ferromagnetic substanes 𝜒𝑓 is very large (103 to 105 )

1
60. (b) As magnetic susceptibility 𝜒𝑚 ∝ , therefore
𝑇
𝜒2 𝑇1 𝜒2 273 − 73 200
= ⇒ = = =2
𝜒1 𝑇2 0.0060 273 − 173 100
𝜒2 = 2 × 0.0060 = 0.0120

61. (c) 𝜇𝑟 = 1 + 𝜒 = 1 + 99 = 100

∘
𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 = 𝜇0 × 100 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 100 = 4𝜋 × 10−5

62. (c)

EXERCISE – 2
1. (b) The electric field lines, do not form a continuous path while the magnetic field lines form the closed paths.
𝑞
Gauss's law states that, ∮ ⬚𝐸. 𝑑𝑠 = for electrostatic field. So, it does not contradict for ⬚s electrostatic fields as
𝜀0
the electric field lines do not form closed continuous path.

According to Gauss' law in magnetic field,

∮ ⬚⬚𝑠 E ⋅ ds = 0

It contradicts for magnetic field, because there is a magnetic field inside the solenoid and no field outside the solenoid
carrying current but the magnetic field lines form the closed path.

2. (b)

3. (a) Magnetic susceptibility 𝜒 for dia-magnetic materials only is negative and low |𝜒| = −1; for paramagnetic
substances low but positive |𝜒| = 1 and for ferromagnetic substances positive and high |𝜒| = 102.

4. (a) Rod gains gravitational potential energy which comes from energy of current source.

5. (d) Given : Magnetic susceptibility of iron, 𝜒𝑚 = 599

Using, 𝜇𝑟 = 1 + 𝜒𝑚 = 600

𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟 𝜇0 = 600 × 4𝜋 × 10−7 = 2400𝜋 × 10−7

Hence, permeability of the material of the rod,

 𝜇 = 2.4𝜋 × 10−4 TmA−1

6. (a) For closed loops

⃗ ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
Magnetic flux = ∮ ⬚𝐵 𝑑𝑠 = zero

Magnetic monopole doesn't exist:

Hence net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero.