Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

As stated by Fujinuma (n.d.), disposal of animal waste is a problem that

has to be taken into consideration because of the air pollution that it causes.

Methods to eliminate malodor have to be developed to alleviate this problem.

The environmental impact of pig farming is mainly driven by the spread of

feces and waste to surrounding neighborhoods, polluting air, and water with toxic

waste particles. Waste from pig farms can carry pathogens, bacteria (often

antibiotic- resistant), and heavy metals that can be toxic when added to soil. Apart

from pig manure, you can add grass cutting, leaves of mango, and banana peels

(wikifarmer, n.d.).

Pig manure is an excellent fertilizer for herbs, vegetables and seeds, but it

has to be composed for over 5-6 months before ingested (Walailak University,

2021).

Recently, heavy application of pig manure, a convenient way of disposal,

has been found to be responsible for many environmental problems (L,Anchengl.,Z,

Jun & N, Pius., 2002).With this, the researchers were inspired to conduct a study

that utilizes pig manure and other agricultural waste as organic fertilizer to lessen

the pollution in rivers, air and even in land.

1.2 Literature Review

In china intensive pig farming has led to serious environmental issues

with the need to dispose off large quantities of pig manure. Chinese agriculture

relies on high inputs of chemical fertilizers leading to gradual decreasing organic

matter contents in many curable soils. With this that even the one on one of the

biggest in Asia experienced problem cause by pig manure (Chengfang, 2018)

As cited by Banecki, P. (2013). Composting can be defined as an

exothermic process involving the microbiological decomposition of organic

substances taking place in aerobic condition with the active participation of

thermophilic microorganism and mould. The process generates a lot of heat, which

is dissipated into the environment. An important problem is estimating the heat loss

emitted as a result of the exothermic transformation during the composting process.

This only tells us the main problem of neural prediction during the composting of

pig manure.

According to Zhang, Z.…H, C.(2021). Poor management of the

composting process can result in a decrease in the final compost quality and

negative environmental impact. This only tells us that wrong way of composting

manure can cause negative impact to the community.

As cited by Joogbloed , (enis,N.,1998) Swine manure is mostly spread

in the neighborhood of the facilities, which may lead to soil accumulation of

minerals such as P, Cu, and Zn, large swine units generate odors, ammonia and dust

that can exceed tolerable revels. Negative effects of swine production on the

environment have already led to new legislation that limits the uses of chemical
manure or the expansion or localization or pro operation in same countries with this,

pig manure have bad effects and even pig farming in some countries.

A benefit from the application of plant growth promoting bacteria in

agriculture largely depends on the complex interaction between several factors

including the manure fertilizer selected. This study was designed to determine the

fine turning between the inoculated bacteria and different fertilizer and their effects

on the growth of lettuce plant (Lai, W. et. al, 2008). This only tells us that the

benefits of all fertilizers mentioned including pig manure to the growth of lettuce

plant

The aim of this composting trial was to evaluate the effect of C/N on

the composting trial process of pig manure with the purpose of reducing amount or

sawdust normally used as or composing materials (Huang, G.et.all, 2004).This only

tells us that this composting activity aimed to reduce the amount of sawdust.

The aim of this work is to find as satisfactory method for biologically

recycling pig manure with aerobic fermentation followed by microalga

(Scenedesmus sp.) culture. The result detained with batch algal culture on manure

aerated for 2days are good for nutrient removal as well as for biomass production

and can be improved by a semi continuous mode of culture (Martin, J Dela Nove, G

Picart) This only tell us that pig manure are an answer for biomass production

The goal of the study is to propose a pig manure management system

that is useful for the owners of 30,000 ha of enable and group of five polish pig

forms that produce approximately 24,000 m3 y4 of pig manure. The BATNEER

option method was used to evaluate three selected system of pig manure

management: storage, utilization for fertilization and processing by filtration using

the AMAK method for fertilizer production (Makar, A.) with this, pig manure can

be one of the fertilizer that is effective in farming/ planting

Composting of separated pig manure (SPM) was studied in an attempt to

elaborate upon organic matter (OM) transformation during the process and define

fora meters for product maturity using both chemical and spectroscopical methods.

Composting was performed in two piles and the following parameters were

measured in 10 samples during 122 days of composing were temperature… (HSO,

J-H., d Lo, S-L.,(1999). This only tells us that pig manure composed in 122 days

and the effect of composing were measured to samples and this one of those ways in

composing manure from swine.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The researchers of this study aimed to produce an alternative fertilizer

out from pig manure and dried banana leaves.

Specifically, the researchers want to answer the following question:

1. What is the yield of bell pepper using organic fertilizer from pig manure

fertilizer and dried banana leaves with the following proportions:

a. 75% pig manure: 25% dried banana leaves,

b. 50% pig manure: 50% dried banana leaves, and

c. 25% pig manure:75% dried banana leaves?

2. Is there a significant difference between the yield in bell pepper using the

organic fertilizer from pig manure and dried banana leaves and the fertilizer

from carabao manure?

1.4 Research Objectives

The study aimed to identify the effect of the alternative fertilizer to the

number of yields of bell pepper plant.

1. Count the number of yields produce by bell pepper

1.5 Hypothesis

The following are the null and the alternative hypothesis of the study:

Null: There is no significant difference between pig manure mixed by dried banana

leaves to the number of bell pepper yields and the organic fertilizer from carabao

manure.

Alternative: There is a significant difference between pig manure mixed by dried

banana leaves to the number of bell pepper yields and the organic fertilizer from

carabao manure.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study could lead to the development of another research which

possibly relates to this study. This study is useful to anyone involved in

farming/planting such as farmer and even teachers and parents. It shows that this

study is proven and tested and hypothesized that has a big possible impact to the

growth of tomato plant. Specifically, it aims to benefit the following:

Farmers. It can help farmers to have a alternative organic fertilizer that is made of

pig manure and dried banana leaves.

Future researchers. It can provide future researcher a springboard in conducting

similar or related studies in the future.

1.7 Scope and Limitation

This study aimed to produce an alternative fertilizer out from pig

manure and dried banana leaves fertilizer in terms of the no. of bell pepper. This

study is limited only to make a fertilizer can be used as an alternative fertilizer and

an effective one in growing a plant. This is limited only of the used of food in

feeding pigs, it can be feeds or “pasaw”. The researcher decided that they used dried

fertilizer rather wet fertilizer. However, the researchers focused only in the

determining the effect of the pig manure-dried leaves fertilizer based on the number

of yields in bell pepper (Scientific Name). The raw material used in this study were

garnered in Tawagan Norte, Labangan, ZDS and the seedlings used were bought at

Agrivit supply Pagadian City. To test the effectiveness of this fertilizer the

researcher measured the amount of fertilizer in applying with utmost care.

1.8 Definition of Terms

The following are the different definition

Note: Pls look into the work of Dalal for the introduction

Then, have the words in alphabetical order.

Have the first word as example.

Pig manure. It is highly concentrated or “hot” manure. It is less rich in nitrogen than

horse or bird manure, but stronger than many of the other animal manures. Pig

waste is best used when mixed and composted with other manure and/or large

quantities of vegetable matter (Source, year). In this study, this refers to main raw

material utilized as alternative fertilizer.

Carabao manure: A farm waste product, an untapped resource, has been proven to

be an effective, safe and an economical fertilizer.

Bell Pepper: Is a fruits of plants in the Grossum group of the species annulus. Bell

peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as “sweet peppers”.

Meanings in the study:

Pig manure: In this study the pig manure serve as the main row material in making

an alternative fertilizer.

Carabao manure: In this study carabao manure serve as the row material in making

the fertilizer that compares the result to the main fertilizer of the study which is the

pig manure fertilizer.

Bell pepper: in this study bell pepper serve as the main subject of the study.
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Research Design

The study on the effectiveness of alternative fertilizer from pig manure

and dried banana leaves used a natural experimental research design. Experimental

design is the prospect of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion

so that precision is maximized, and specific conclusion can be drawn regarding a

hypothesis statement (Bell, 2009). Experimental research design considers the

dependent and independent variables of the study. The independent variable of the

study is the amount of alternative pig manure fertilizer and the dependent variable of

this study is the number of yields of bell pepper (Scientific Name). The researchers

of this study aimed to improve the effect of the independent variable on the

dependent variable of this study.

Significance of the Study

This study could lead to the development of another research who

possibly relates to this study. This study is useful to anyone involves in

farming/planting such as farmer and even teachers and parents. It shows that this

study is proven and tested any hypothesized that has a big possible impact to the

growth of tomato plant.

Farmers: It can help farmers to have a cheaper and an alternative fertilizer.

Future researcher: It can help future researchers to have a good and an alternative

fertilizer.
(Please enrich this portion)

2.2Subjects

The researcher of this study aimed to produce an alternative fertilizer out

from pig manure. In order to test the ability and the effectiveness of the fertilizer,

the researcher conducted an experiment with 3 trials. For each trials there will 10

bell pepper plants. An exact total of 129 bell pepper plants.

Discuss here about the subject, bell pepper. Explain how did you choose and kept

some variables constant/controlled.

2.3 Materials and Quantity

The researchers of this study used the following materials: 2kg of pig

manure which served as the main raw materials. Dried banana (Scientific Name)

leaves (2 sacks) serve as the other agricultural waste material mixed to the pig

manure, and water (2L) serve as the materials to easily mix both pig and banana

leaves.

2.4 Equipment

The researchers of this study will use shovel in….the following

equipment: shovel(units), Bucket is used as the storage of the pig manure and

carabao manure. And weigh is used to measure the mass of the pig and caravan

manure. (Please state the usage of each equipment)

2.5 Conceptual Framework

Independent Variables

A. Carabao manure fertilizer

Dependent Variable

1. Average no. of yield

Intervening Variables

-Weather

-Pest

-Environmental conditions

Control Variable

Amount of fertilizer to use.

Note: Please refer to the schematic diagram of other groups. The IV and DV

should be enclosed in a box/diagram.

2.6 Procedure

Preparation of Materials:

The researchers prepared all the materials involving all row materials in

making fertilizers. Pig manure was gathered in pig farm and including Carabao

Manure was taken in the same land areas. The raw materials were being dried under

the heat of the son, in order to powder the row material in making a fertilizer.
Gathering of Dried Banana Leaves:

The researcher of this study gathered banana leaves. This material is the other

one was mixed in making a pig manure fertilizer.

Mixing all the materials:

All materials were mix together, after mixing the researchers make 3 sample of

fertilizer in applying to the bell pepper to the bell pepper plant.

Note: usaha nalang ni ninyo ayaw na i.separate and main steps please

2.7 Process Flow Chart

PREPARATION OF MATERIALS/EQUIPMENTS

EXTRACTING DRIED BANANA LEAVES

MIXING ALL MATERIALS

2.8 Statistical Tools for Data Analysis

In this study the researchers utilized ANOVA. Analysis of variance

(ANOVA) is an analysis tool used in statistics that splits an observe aggregated

variability found inside a data set into two parts: systematic factors and random

factors. The systemic factors have a statistical influence on the given fata set, while

the random factors do not. Analysis use the ANOVA test to determine the influence

that independent variables have on the dependent variable in a regression study.

(Kenton,2022). The yield in bell pepper from three variation of experimental set up

with varying concentration of pig manure and dried banana leaves and carabao

fertilizer one were subjected to ANOVA to determine its p-value (Author, year)

CHAPTER 3

Results and Discussion

 This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data generated in

determining the effect on yields in bell pepper using organic fertilizer from pig

manure and dried banana leaves compared to the Carabao manure. Descriptive and

inferential statistics such as tables and correlation test were used in the data analysis

and summaries. Using the analysis tool Pak of Microsoft excel, the relationship

between variables was identified using ANOVA/T-test.

The data on the mean yield of Bell Pepper (Scientificc Name) using organic

fertilizer and the carabao manure fertilizer is shown in table 1 below.

Table 1. Mean Yield of Bell Pepper Using Various Treatments Including Fertilizer
from Pig Manure and Dried Banana Leaves and the Carabao Manure

Treatments Count Sum Average

75% manure: 25% banana leaves 3 309 103
Row 2 3 240 80
Row 3 3 264 88
Carabao manure 3 198 66

As shown in the table 1 above, the mean yield using 75% of pig manure and

25% of dried banana leaves is 103. On the other hand, the mean yield of Bell Pepper

using 50% of pig manure and 50% dried banana leaves is 80. Moreover, the mean

yield of Bell Pepper using 25% of pig manure and 75% of dried banana leaves is

88. The mean yield of Bell Pepper using the Carabao fertilizer (Carabao manure) is

66. With this, it can be implied that it is better to use the fertilizer from pig manure

and dried banana leaves in improving the yields of Bell Pepper. Among all the

treatments, the fertilizer using 75% of pig manure and 25% of dried banana leaves is

the best due to its high mean yield of bell pepper.

 Swine manure can be an excellent source of nutrients for crop production.

The key to proper management is determining the nutrient content of the manure,

the percentages of those nutrients that are available to the plant, and the nutrient

requirements of the plant. (Kulesza & Shrarara, 2019).

Table 2. ANOVA Result Comparing the Fertilizer from Pig Manure and Dried
Banana Leaves and the Carabao Manure Fertilizer in Terms of Mean Yield

Source of
Variation SS Df MS F P-value F crit
716.7 6.50E-
Between Groups 2150.25 3 5 114.68 07 4.066180551
Within Groups 50 8 6.25

Total 2200.25 11

As show in table above, the p-value which is 6.50E-07 is less than 0.05

level of significance. With this, the researcher of the study reject the null hypothesis

and accept the alternate hypothesis which tells us there is a significant difference

between the pig manure band dried banana leaves fertilizer and the carabao fertilizer

in terms of the number of yields. In favor of the organic of its ability to increase the

yield of Bell Pepper, the use of organic fertilizer from Carabao + banana leaves is

much favorable. According to https//:www.teagacs.ie, that pig manure can be an

excellent source of plant nutrients including Nitrogen (N). Phosphorus (P) and

Potassium (K). It can be used to replace much of the chemical fertilizer required to

fertilize grassland and crops and produce very substantial reductions in fertilizer

costs. Note: find the author and year… This citation is in appripriate

CHAPTER 4
 Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary of findings and conclusion made from the

study and recommendation given by the researchers.

4.1 Summary

This study is focused on comparing the yield of bell pepper using fertilizer

from Pig manure and dried banana leaves as an alternative and the yield of bell

pepper using Carabao Manure.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the organic fertilizer

from pig manure and dried Banana leaves. The testing and gathering was conducted

at Purok Banawag, Tawagan Norte, Labangan, and ZDS. The preparation of the

mixture of pig manure with dried banana leaves specifically bananas leaves were

done with utmost accuracy. The organic fertilizer was compared to the Carabao

manure fertilizer in terms of number of yields produce by bell pepper. In table 1, it

shows that treatment 1 is most preferable in terms of the number of yields among

other treatments. It also showed that pig manure fertilizer is more preferable in

terms of the number yields produce than the Carabao manure

4.2 Conclusion

Based on the result and analysis of data, it was found out that pig manure

and dried banana leaves fertilizer is comparable to carabao fertilizer. Moreover, it

can be concluded that fertilizer from pig manure specifically the treatment 1 is far

better than the carabao fertilizer in terms of the number of yields produce.
4.3 Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusions presented the following recommendation and

Suggested:

1. The researchers recommend that further study will be conducted in order to

investigate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer coming from other agricultural.

 REFERENCES

Bomecki P., et al (2018). Neural medication of heat loss in the pig manure
composting process. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.

Hsu, J. & Lo, H. (1999). Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of C matter

transformations during composting of pig manure. Retrieved
https://doi.org/10.1016/S02609-9491(98)60193-6

Huang.6. Wang, J., Wu, a. & Nagar, B. (2009) Effect of C/N on composting SF pig
manure with sawdust. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.10/j.wasman
2004.05.011 .

Lai, W., Rekha. D. Avon, A. & Young (2008) Effect of mineral fertilizer, pig
manure and Azospirillum rugosum on and growth nutrient contents of Lactuca
sativa L. Retrieved from https://doi/10.1007/s00374-008-0313-3.

Makara, A. & Kowalski, 2. (2018). Selection of pig manure management set Case
study of Polish Farms. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.101/j.clepro.2017.10.095

Martin, C., de la Nave, I. & Picard, E. (1985). Intensive cultivation of Freshwater

micro large on severed pig manure. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/0744-45-65(58)900642.

Song. c., et al (2018) Environmental Science and pollution. Retrieved from

https://b.gy/wPxzj.

Sung. c. et al (2013). Characterization n at pig manure derived hydro chars for their
potential application is fertilizer. Retrieved from
https://link.spriger.com/article/10.1007/s11366-67-0301-y.

Zhong, 2., Liu, D., Qiao, D., Lis., Chen V. & He (2004), Mitigation of carbon and
stage loses during pig manure competing: A meta-analysis. Retrieved from
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciitotenv-2021.147103.

Zhou, X. et-al (2019). Turning pig manure into biochar effectively mitigate
antibiotic resistance genes as organic fertilizer. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitonv.2018.08.368.

.
 APPENDIX

Cleaning the area

Gathering the dried
where it was the
banana leaves.
subject of planting.

Gathering the pig manure,

were it was needed in
making a fertilizer. Drying the pig manure
 1. 75% of pig manure + 25
% of dried banana leaves
fertilizer.
2. 50% of pig manure +
50% of dried banana
leaves fertilizer.
3. 25% of pig manure +
75% of dried banana
leaves fertilizer.
4. 100% carabao manure
fertilizer.

All 3 fertilizers made up from pig

manure and dried banana leaves
were stored on different sacks
including the carabao manure
fertilizer.
 Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information

Full name: Waver Z. Siangco

Date of birth: 02/09/08

Age: 16

Religion: christian

Father: Wilfredo L. Siangco

Mother: Faith Z. Siangco

II. Educational Attainment

Elemtary: Tawagan Sur Elementary School [ S.Y 2019-2020]

Secondary: Tawagan Sur National High Scholl [ S.Y 2023-2024 at present]

Award & Achievement

With Honors [ s.y 2023-2024]

10th placer in editorial writing (filipino) in DPC [s.y 2023-2024]

7th placer in news writing (filipino) in DPC [s.y 2023-2024]

With honors [s.y 2022-2023]

With honors [s.y 2022-2023]

IV. Membership in School

SSLG officer [s.y 2023-2024]

Arpan PRESIDENT [s.y 2023-2024]

Sinag journalist [s.y 2022-2023,2023-202

V. Seminar/Training

Career Guidance [s.y 2023-20224]

SSLG leadership traning [S.Y 2022-2023]
I. Personal Information

Full name: Jan Carlo Concillado

Date of birth: 01/27/08

Age: 16

Religion: christian

Father: Wilson Concillado

Mother: Twenkle Concillado

II. Educational Attainment

Elemtary: Tawagan Sur Elementary School [ S.Y 2019-2020]

Secondary: Tawagan Sur National High Scholl [ S.Y 2023-2024 at present]

Award & Achievement

With Honors [ S.Y 2022-2023]

Best and attire [S.Y 2023-2024]

3rd placer in Basketball [S.Y 2018-2019]

IV. Membership in School

SSLG Vulunteer [s.y 2023-2024]

V. Seminar/Training

Career Guidance [s.y 2023-20224]

SSLG leadership traning [S.Y 2022-2023]

I.Personal Information

Full name: Nisziel M. Gepanaga

Date of birth: May 17 2008

Age:15

Tribe: Illonga

Mother:Liezel M. Gepanaga

Father:Dennis G. Gepanaga

Place of birth:Bulanit Labangan Z.D.S

Gender:Female

II. Educational Attainment

Elementary:Bulanit Elementary School (S,Y,2018-2019)

Secondary:Tawagan Sur National High School (S,Y,2019-2020 to 2023-2024)

Award and Achievement

Honor/award received

With honor (S,Y,2018-2019)

With Honor (S,Y,2020-2021)

4th placer editorial writing district level (S,Y,2017-2018)

3rd placer photojournalist district level (S,Y,2016-2017)

IV. Membership in school

SSLG volunteer(S,Y, 2023-2024)

V. Seminars/training

Career Guidance [S.Y 2023-2024]

I.Personal Information

Full name: Lyca Tual Abilar

Date of Birth: November 08, 2007

Age:16

Religion: Catholic

Mother: Jorgiel Tual

Father: Wilson Abilar

Place of Birth: Zamboanga Sibugay

Gender: Female

II. Educational Atteinment

Elementary: Tawagan Sur elementary, Tawagan Sur pagadian City

Secondary: Tawagan Sur National High School

III. Honors/ Awards Recieved

Rank 1[ S.Y. 2012-2013]

With Honors [S.Y.2013-2014]

With Honors [S.Y. 2015- 2016]

With Honors [S.Y. 2018- 2019]

With Honors [S.Y. 2019- 2020]

With Honors [S.Y 2021- 2022]

With Honors [S.Y. 2022-2023]

1st Placer Photojournalist School base[S.Y. 2022-2023]

DSPC Photojournalist[S.Y. 2022-2023

2nd Placer
Photojournalist School Base[S.Y. 2022-2023]

3rd Placer Badminton District level [S.Y.2022-2023]

5th Plaacer Badminton player[S.Y. 2021-2022]

TSNHS Top Model [S.Y. 2022-2023]

IV. Membership In School

Drum Crop Minorette[S.Y. 2017-2018] [S.Y 2022-2023]

Drum Crop Majorette [S.Y. 2018- 2019] [S.Y. 2023- 2024]

SSG VOLUNTEER [S.Y.2022-2023]

SSG VOLUNTEER[S. Y.2022-2023]

Red Cross [S.Y. 2022-2023]

V Seminars / Trainings

SSG Leadership training [S.Y. 2022-2023]

Career Guidance [2022-2023]

Write to GROUP 5 RESEARCH

I.Personal Information

Full name:Jackyle U. Carpio

Date of birth: Nov. 17/2007

Age:16

Tribe: Bisayanon

Mother:Josie U.Carpio

Father: Jefredo B. Carpio

Place of birth:Bulanit Labangan Z.D.S

Gender:Female

II. Educational Attainment

Elementary: Tawagan Sur Elementary School

(S.Y2018-2019)

Secondary:Tawagan Sur National High School,

Tawagan Sur, Pagadian City (S.Y 2019-2020 to 2023-2024)

Award/Achievements

Volleyball (1st placer ) [S.Y 2018-2019]

With Honors [S.Y 2

Seminars/training

Career Guidance