Saudi Aramco

Safety Management Guide

Job Safety Analysis

Guide Number 06-003-2013

Table of Contents
1. Purpose .................................................................................................................... 1
2. Scope ..................................................................................................................... ..1
3. Definitions .............................................................................................................. ..1
4. Introduction ............................................................................................................ ..2
5. Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... ..2
6. Requirements ......................................................................................................... ..3

Supplements
Supplement 1: Performing a JSA ...................................................................................... 6
Supplement 2: Job Safety Analysis Flowchart .................................................................. 8
Supplement 3: Job Inventory List ...................................................................................... 9
Supplement 4: Risk Assessment Matrix.......................................................................... 10
Supplement 5: Job Safety Analysis Worksheet .............................................................. 12

Prepared by the Loss Prevention Department

April 1, 2013

© Copyright 2013 Saudi Aramco. All Rights Reserved.

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Job Safety Analysis Guide

1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this Safety Management Guide is to provide guidance on how to conduct
a job safety analysis (JSA) for each critical job. The intent is to identify and eliminate or
manage hazards prior to beginning a critical job. This process can help everyone plan to
perform a job safely. It can also be used as an effective tool for training new and
transferred employees on the correct way to accomplish a job safely.

2. SCOPE

This guide provides typical responsibilities as well as methods for identifying jobs that
require a JSA, steps for conducting and maintaining JSAs, and the components needed to
establish a JSA process or program for each organization.

JSAs should be conducted for all work meeting the criteria of a critical job and for which
existing control measures, such as current operating procedures and safe work practices,
may be inadequate or do not exist. The priority assigned to completing JSAs should be
based on the potential hazards associated with critical jobs.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Critical Job: A critical or high risk job includes one or more of the following
criteria:
 Has a known high injury/incident rate.
 Has the potential to cause severe injuries/illnesses, damage to equipment or
harm to the environment.
 Is a job without an approved procedure, which exposes personnel to hazards.
 Is new to the operation, or changes have occurred to the equipment/process or
procedures.
 Is nonroutine or infrequently performed.

3.2 Critical Step: A task or step of a job under analysis that has the potential for injury
to personnel, damage to equipment/assets, loss of production or harm to the
environment. Steps/tasks are specific activities required to complete a job.

3.3 Hazard: A condition or activity that is dangerous and, if left uncontrolled, can
result in a harmful situation for personnel, assets or the environment.

3.4 Hazard Control: One or more safeguards to address a hazard. These may involve
engineering solutions, administrative controls (e.g., procedures) and/or personal
protective measures (e.g., personal protective equipment [PPE], fall protection).

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 1 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

3.5 Hazard Severity/Consequence: The possible effects of an event in terms of impact

to personnel, assets, the environment or the company’s reputation.

3.6 Job Safety Analysis (JSA): A structured method for developing task-specific
procedures for critical jobs. A JSA breaks a job into basic steps; identifies potential
hazards associated with each step; and recommends actions for each step to
eliminate, control or minimize hazards.

3.7 Observation: The act of watching and recording what workers do as they perform
an assigned job. This is one method to establish the steps in a JSA.

3.8 Procedure: The specified steps that are performed to accomplish a job.

3.9 Risk: A combination of the probability (frequency) of an undesirable event

occurring and the severity level of its consequences.

3.10 Simultaneous Operations: Two or more activities taking place at the same time, in
close proximity of each other, and at least one of them has the potential to affect the
safety of personnel or assets in the adjacent work site(s).

3.11 Stop Work Trigger: Any condition that requires personnel to stop all work
activities until further assessment is conducted or additional controls are
implemented. Examples include: gas test results above work permit limits, exposure
that requires a change in PPE, residual pressure identified within a pipe/system or
change in scope of work.

4. INTRODUCTION

A JSA is one type of risk management tool that is used to identify and reduce or
eliminate hazards associated with each step of a job. When used correctly, this process
can reduce injuries and incidents by providing a common understanding to help everyone
plan to perform a job safely. It can also be used as an effective tool for training new and
transferred employees.

JSAs should be conducted for all work meeting the criteria of a critical job and for which
existing control measures, such as current operating procedures and safe work practices
may be inadequate, questionable or do not exist. The priority assigned to completing
JSAs should be based on the determined risk level of the job(s).

5. RESPONSIBILITIES

5.1 Division Heads/Managers: Establish a formal process to perform JSAs and provide
appropriate resources for JSA development. The process should include:
 Defining the requirements for developing and utilizing JSAs on designated
jobs.
 Providing appropriate JSA training to personnel.
 Documenting and maintaining JSAs for access and retrieval.

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 2 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

 Defining the means of communicating the results of JSAs to employees and

contractors.
 Monitoring the progress of JSA development and implementation.
 Establishing the frequency of periodic reviews and updates of the JSA process.

5.2 Saudi Aramco Foremen/Supervisors:

5.2.1 Implement the JSA process in their areas according to the steps outlined in
the Supplements to this Guide.

5.2.2 Approve JSAs by signing complete JSA Worksheets.

5.2.3 Ensure JSAs are communicated and used for all critical jobs.

5.3 Saudi Aramco or contractor personnel conducting/developing JSAs:

5.3.1 Complete appropriate training on conducting/developing JSAs, as

required.

5.3.2 Perform an analysis of the selected job(s) per the requirements provided in
Supplements 1-5.

5.3.3 Utilize the JSA Worksheet (see Supplement 5) to document job

observations and analysis.

5.4 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department (LPD):

5.4.1 Provide consultation on the application of the JSA process.

5.4.2 Review completed JSAs when requested by proponent organizations to

evaluate the methodology used for conducting/developing JSAs and the
applicability of controls.

6. REQUIREMENTS

6.1 General

6.1.1 As a minimum, JSAs should be developed and reviewed for all critical
jobs per the criteria provided in Section 3.1.

6.1.2 The Job Inventory List (see Supplement 1, Performing a JSA and
Supplement 3, Job Inventory List), and subsequently the list of critical
jobs, should be reviewed and maintained annually.

6.1.3 The extent of the analysis may differ based on the level of risk and/or
complexity of the job being performed (e.g., more than one person
involved, simultaneous operations).

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 3 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

6.1.4 Stop work triggers should be identified appropriately for specific steps
within the job being analyzed (see Section 3.11 and Supplement 1, Section
3.6).

6.1.5 Required PPE identified within the JSA controls should be distributed to
appropriate personnel before the job begins.

6.1.6 Any JSA controls that are critical or mandatory to perform the job safely
must be in place prior to starting the steps/tasks associated with the job.

6.1.7 JSAs are to be updated when there are changes in the process, equipment,
materials or the hazards. The proponent’s Management of Change (MOC)
process should identify the need to revise/develop a JSA on the jobs/tasks
associated with the proposed change(s). (See Section 6.4 regarding
maintaining JSAs).

6.2 Training

6.2.1 Personnel performing/developing JSAs should receive training on JSA

techniques and the organization’s JSA process.

6.2.2 Personnel conducting/developing JSAs should complete the Saudi Aramco

e-Learning courses Job Safety Analysis Overview and Job Safety Analysis
Process (Training & Development Department e-Learning BET
#4005612).

6.2.3 Personnel performing/developing JSAs should receive refresher training

(e.g., every three years).

6.3 JSA Communication

6.3.1 Completed JSAs should be attached to any work permit(s) issued for the
job. Controls specified in the JSA should be reviewed and verified as part
of the work permit process joint site inspection.

6.3.2 JSAs should be made available for review/reference by affected personnel

(e.g., personnel performing the job, establishing/revising procedures,
conducting employee orientation/training).

6.3.3 The results of the JSA should be communicated to personnel performing

the job/task via safety meetings, prejob toolbox talks, dedicated training
sessions, one-on-one instruction, etc.

6.4 Maintaining JSAs

6.4.1 JSAs should be identified and tracked through an established document

control system.

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 4 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

6.4.2 Completed and approved JSAs should be maintained on file (utilizing

ShareK, CRM, etc.) by the proponent organization for use during similar
work activities, prejob communication of work site hazards and training of
personnel.

6.4.3 JSAs for routine jobs/tasks should be reviewed at an established frequency

and per Section 6.1.7.

6.4.4 Prior to a job being subsequently performed at a later date, any existing
JSA must be thoroughly reviewed before the job begins to ensure the JSA
remains suitable for the planned job.

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 5 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Supplement 1
Performing a JSA
JSAs can be developed either during an office meeting with experienced personnel or through
observation in the field. The procedure for conducting and developing a JSA has the following
basic steps.

1. Identify critical jobs

1.1 Develop a list of jobs performed by personnel by area/position (see Supplement 3, Job
Inventory List). Include jobs that may be performed during operational upsets, Testing &
Inspections (T&Is), plant shutdowns/troubleshooting and/or on rare occasions. The list
should be reviewed annually and updated accordingly.

1.2 Select critical jobs from the Job Inventory List (based on the criteria in Section 3.1) for
conducting/developing JSAs. Use Supplement 4, Risk Assessment Matrix, to prioritize
the JSA development (beginning with high risk jobs) by assigning the appropriate risk
level/category for each job on the Job Inventory List.

2. Review information about each critical job

2.1 Review written procedures, drawings or method statements related to the critical job
prior to conducting/developing the JSA. Document significant facts about the job, e.g.,
chemical(s) being handled/used, location of the job, physical requirements or limitations
associated with the job, and environmental conditions of the job site.

2.2 Review any history of incidents and/or near misses associated with the job. These
incidents are indicators that existing hazard controls may have been inadequate and
require further evaluation.

3. Conduct the JSA

3.1 Conduct/develop JSAs using one or more senior worker(s) who have performed or have
knowledge of the job being analyzed and have completed sufficient training (per Section
6.2). Consider including supervisors, maintenance craftsmen, engineers, operators or
subject matter experts as needed.

3.2 Divide the job under analysis into its individual steps. Each step should describe what is
to be performed by the worker(s), beginning with an action verb (e.g., open, remove,
lift). The how to do each step should not be recorded.

3.3 Identify the critical tasks/steps for the job. Only steps that present a potential hazard
should be recorded on the final JSA Worksheet (see Supplement 5).

3.4 Identify and list all actual/potential hazards for each step of the job, such as, but not
limited to:

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 6 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

 Danger of striking or being struck by an object.

 Danger of being caught in between objects or moving/rotating parts.
 Potential for straining a muscle or joint by pushing, pulling, lifting, twisting or
overextending.
 Potential safety and health hazards, such as toxic/flammable gases or vapor, fumes,
excessive dust, loud noise, hot surfaces or radioactive/electrical hazards.
 Potential for falls, slips or trips.

3.5 The JSA developer or JSA development team should agree on the controls required to
eliminate the subsequent hazard(s) or minimize the risk to an acceptable level.

3.6 Stop work triggers should be designated on the JSA Worksheet and subsequently
communicated to affected personnel. Stop work triggers are conditions that require
stopping all work activities associated with the job until further assessment is conducted
or additional controls are implemented (e.g., performing a gas test prior to entering a
confined space).

4. Complete the JSA

4.1 The person(s) conducting the JSA (including the JSA observer, if applicable) should
sign and date the JSA Worksheet when complete. The completed JSA Worksheet should
be forwarded to the area supervisor (or supervisor of personnel performing the job/task)
for review and approval. Any controls that require follow-up should be assigned to a
responsible party for corrective action.

4.2 Maintain JSA files and provide personnel with adequate access to JSAs to review as
necessary.

Observation Method
As an alternate to Steps 3.1 - 3.4, JSAs on critical jobs may also be developed utilizing an
observation method as described here. In addition, all other requirements still apply if this
method is used.
1. Schedule a time and place to make formal observations of the job being performed.
2. Observe more than one worker per task, if possible, such as a new worker and a worker
who is very knowledgeable and experienced about the task being performed.
3. Inform the worker(s) about what you are doing and why you are observing them.
4. Document all conditions at the job site that present potential hazards and unsafe
behaviors of individuals performing the job. Make particular note of deviations or areas
for improvement. Use a JSA Worksheet to record the observations/analyses.
5. Observations should be analyzed by the JSA developer or JSA development team (i.e.,
group discussion of experienced employees, supervisors and engineers). Hazards should
be specified for each critical step on the JSA Worksheet.

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 7 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Supplement 2
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) FLOWCHART
Select personnel/ Train personnel on Supervisor
Start team to perform conducting/developing completes
JSAs JSAs Job Inventory
List

JSA team
JSA individual/team Critical jobs identified
breaks job being
selects a job to analyze and prioritized based
performed into
steps/tasks on risk level

JSA team JSA team

Controls identified for
identifies all hazards completes
each hazard
or potential for loss JSA worksheets

JSA issued with work Any

permits; controls recommendations
verified Results of JSA are recorded for
communicated to follow up
affected personnel

JSA filed and

Existing JSAs
maintained by
reviewed before
proponent
job is performed at
a later date

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 8 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Supplement 3

JOB INVENTORY LIST

Date: ___________

Department Name: __________________ Division Name: ___________________

Unit Name: ________________________ Facility: _________________________

Supervisor Completing List: ______________________

Number Job Name/Description Hazards or Potential Losses Risk Level

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 9 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Supplement 4

RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX

A risk assessment matrix provides a systematic method for identifying the potential risks of
jobs and for prioritizing JSAs based on the hazard severity and probability of occurrence.

This supplement provides a generic risk matrix that is typically used in risk assessment studies.
It allows the user to determine the potential risk of a job by selecting the likelihood (frequency)
and severity (consequence) that can result from the hazards associated with the job.

Table S4-1 provides guidance for estimating the frequency for each identified hazard that will
be based on historical data as well as engineering judgment. Table S4-2 provides guidance for
estimating the hazard severity/consequence of each identified hazard, in terms of impact on
people, environment, economic and company reputation. Once the potential frequency and
hazard severity are determined, a risk level can be obtained for each job, by plotting the
frequency and consequence in the risk matrix. Refer to LPD Safety Management Guide 02-
002-2010, Qualitative Risk Assessment, for additional guidelines in using a risk matrix.

Likelihood* Risk Level

Medium Medium
5 Very High High (5C) High (5D) High (5E)
(5A) (5B)
Medium Medium Medium
4 High High (4D) High (4E)
(4A) (4B) (4C)
Medium Medium Medium
3 Medium Low (3A) High (3E)
(3B) (3C) (3D)
Medium Medium Medium
2 Low Low (2A) Low (2B)
(2C) (2D) (2E)
Medium Medium
1 Very low Low (1A) Low (1B) Low (1C)
(1D) (1E)

Hazard Severity/ Very Low Low Medium High Very High

Consequence** A B C D E

* Likelihood values based on Table S4-1criteria.

** Hazard Severity/Consequence values based on Table S4-2 criteria.

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 10 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

TABLE S4-1: Likelihood Categories

Level Frequency Description

1 Very Low Never heard of in the industry
2 Low Some incidents have occurred in the industry
3 Medium Incident has occurred in Saudi Aramco
4 High Has occurred several times in Saudi Aramco
5 Very High Has occurred several times in facility, proponent organization or project

TABLE S4-2: Hazard Severity/Consequence Categories

Level Severity Description

 People: No injury or damage to health
 Environment: No or slight effect/damage within a system
A Very Low
 Economic: Slight damage and/or operational impact < $10K
 Reputation: No impact and no public concern
 People: Minor employee injury or damage to health not affecting work
performance nor requiring treatment beyond first aid
 Environment: Minor contamination within fence; no permanent effect
B Low
 Economic: Equipment damage and/or operational impact < $100K
 Reputation: Slight impact and no public concern. Public or media
awareness may exist
 People: Serious employee injury or health effect that can result in lost
time injury, restricted work or irreversible health effects
 Environment: Localized effect within the plant fence with limited
C Medium damage and spontaneous recovery
 Economic: Equipment damage and/or operational impact < $1 MM
 Reputation: Regional public/media attention, causing considerable
reputation impact
 People: Single employee fatality or permanent disability, or some
impact on third party
 Environment: Severe damage to be extensively restored with no
D High significant lasting consequences
 Economic: Damage and/or operational impact < $10 MM
 Reputation: National public or media attention
 People: Multiple employee or third party fatalities
 Environment: Damage extending over a large public area or
E Very High environmentally sensitive area(s) w/ significant consequence and loss
 Economic: Equipment damage and/or operational impact > $10 MM
 Reputation: International public/media attention, with severe impact

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 11 of 12

Job Safety Analysis Guide Issue Date: April 1, 2013

Supplement 5
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) WORKSHEET
Date: ___________________

Department Name: ___________________________ Division/Unit Name: _______________________ Facility: _______________________

Job Title/Description: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name(s) of Individuals Performing JSA : _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________

Critical Steps Hazard(s) Controls/Recommended Action

Instructions
1. Use as many lines as needed to list the critical steps. Be specific.
2. There may be more than one hazard per step. List each hazard.
3. Identify the proper control for addressing each hazard. The preferred priorities are engineering, administrative (procedures) and then PPE.
4. Identify any recommended actions required, e.g., develop a new procedure or perform an industrial hygiene assessment. Assign a responsible party for any
required actions.
5. List each type of PPE needed for the task. Be specific.
6. Identify key steps as “STOP WORK TRIGGERS” (in the “Controls” column) if there are any conditions, job changes or distractions that will prompt personnel
to stop all work activities associated with the job until further assessment is conducted or additional controls are implemented.

JSA Approved By: _______________________________________________

Guide Number 06-003-2013 Page 12 of 12