DC POWER SUPPLY

Presented by: Engr. Marianne M. Sejera

Prepared by: Engr. Charmaine C. Paglinawan
Basic DC Power Supply
§ Converts the standard AC line voltage into a constant DC signal.
§ is used to power all types of electronic circuits such as televisions, stereo
systems, Computers, etc.

t t t t t
IL
+ac line +
Voltage +
120 Vrms vs Rectifier Filter vo Load
Regulator -
60Hz
- -
transformer
Rectifier
Half- Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
Rectifier

• A device used to convert ac into pulsating dc

• Can be classified as half-wave or full wave rectifier
Half-Wave Rectifier

+ VD -
Vp(in)
D +
RL
π 2π
-
Positive Half-Cycle

+ VD -
Vp(in)
D +
RL
π 2π
-
Negative Half-Cycle

+ VD -
Vp(in) +
D
2π RL
π
-
Half-Wave Rectified Output

Vp(out)

t0 t1 t2
Average Value of Half Wave
T
1
Vdc = Vave = ò v(t )dt
T 0
2p
1
=
2p ò v(t )dt
0
p
1
= ò
2p 0
Vp sin ada

Vp Vp
= (- cosa )0 = (- (- 1) + 1)
p

2p 2p

Vp
Vdc = Vave = = 0.318Vp
p
AC or RMS Value
T
1 2
Vrms = Veff = ò
T0
v (t )dt

p
1
= ò a da
2
V sin
2p 0
p

2 p
Vp æ 1 - cos 2a ö
= ò ç
2p 0 è 2
÷ da
ø
2 p
Vp æ 1 1 ö
= ç a - sin 2a ÷
2p è 2 4 ø0

Vp
Vrms = Veff = = 0.5V p
2
Effect of Barrier Potential on HW Rectifier
+ VD -
Vin
D +
RL Vout
π 2π
-

V p ( out ) = V p (in) - 0.7

I p ( out ) = V p ( out ) R
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)
• The maximum value of reverse voltage that occurs at the peak of
each negative alternation of the input voltage when the diode is
reverse-biased.
+ VD -
Vp(in)
D +
RL Vp(out)
π 2π
-

PIV = V p (in) f out = f in

HW Rectifier with Transformer Coupled Input Voltage

ipri Npri:Nsec isec

+ +
Vp(pri) Vp(sec) N p (sec)
V p (sec) = V p ( pri )
- - N p ( pri )
primary secondary
winding winding

indicates that the turns are

wrapped in an iron core
HW Rectifier Efficiency of Rectification
η= efficiency of rectification = Pdc Pac x100%

2
Ip R 4 4
h= x x100% = x100% = 40.53%
p 2 2
Ip R p 2

Where:
Pac = Vac I ac = (I ac R )I ac Pdc = Vdc I dc = (I dc R )I dc
2 2
2 Ip R 2 Ip R
Prms = I rms R = Pdc = I dc R =
4 p2
Examples on Half-Wave Rectifier

1. A 5:1 transformer is connected to a half-wave rectifier circuit with a

50kΩ load. Find (a) Vp; (b)Ip; (c) Idc; (d) Iac. Input voltage is 220Vpk.

2. Assuming the diode in the circuit is ideal, sketch Vin, VD, ID, VL and IL for
the half-wave rectifier using the 6.8kΩ as the load.
Example

3. Draw the output voltage waveform for each circuit and

include the voltage values.

+5V +50V
R R
4.7kΩ 3.3kΩ

-5V -50V

(a) (b)
Full-Wave Rectifier: Center Tapped
V p (sec) PIV = V p (sec) - 0.7
V p (out ) = - 0.7
2 PIV = 2V p ( out ) + 0.7
I p ( out ) = V p ( out ) / RL
fout= 2 fin

D1
Vp(pri) +
Vp (sec)
2
0 π 2π -
+
Vp(sec)
+
Vp (sec) RL Vp(out)
D2
- 2 -
Center-tap
Full-Wave Rectifier: Center Tapped
D1
Vp(pri) +
Vp (sec)
2
0 π 2π -
+
Vp(sec)
+
Vp (sec) RL Vp(out)
D2
- 2 -
Center-tap
DC and AC Value

2V p 2I p
Vdc = Vave = = 0.636V p I dc = I ave = = 0.636I p
p p

Vp Ip
Vac = Veff = = 0.707V p I ac = I eff = = 0.707I p
2 2
Efficiency
η= efficiency of rectification = Pdc Pac x100%

2
4I p R 2 8
h= x x100% = x100% = 81.06%
p 2
Ip R
2
p 2

2
2 4I p R Vp
Pdc = Vdc I dc = I dc R = Vac = Veff =
2
= 0.707V p
p 2

Ip R
2 Ip
2
Pac = Peff = I ac R = I ac = I eff = = 0.707I p
2 2
Full Wave Rectifier- Bridge-Type
V p ( out ) = V p (sec) - 1.4 PIV = V p (sec) - 0.7

I p ( out ) = V p ( out ) / RL PIV = V p ( out ) + 0.7

fout = 2 fin

+ +
Vp(pri)
D4 D1

Vp(pri) Vp(sec)
+
π 2π D2 D3
RL Vp(out)
- - -
Efficiency
η= efficiency of rectification = Pdc Pac x100%

2
4I p R 2 8
h= x x100% = x100% = 81.06%
p 2
Ip R
2
p 2

2
2 4I p R Vp
Pdc = Vdc I dc = I dc R = Vac = Veff =
2
= 0.707V p
p 2

Ip R
2 Ip
2
Pac = Peff = I ac R = I ac = I eff = = 0.707I p
2 2
DC and AC Value

2V p 2I p
Vdc = Vave = = 0.636V p I dc = I ave = = 0.636I p
p p

Vp Ip
Vac = Veff = = 0.707V p I ac = I eff = = 0.707I p
2 2
Examples on Full Wave Rectifier

1. Calculate the peak current and show the output waveform for a full-wave
center-tapped rectifier with an input voltage of 10Vpk and a load of 1kΩ.
The internal resistance of the diode is 20Ω. Use Vf = 0.7V.

2. A bridge-type rectifier with an input voltage of 220Vac and a transformer

turns ratio of 5:1 is terminated with a load RL=1kΩ. Sketch the output voltage
and current across the load.
Example
3. Consider the circuit below. (a) What type of circuit is this? (b)What is the
total peak secondary peak voltage? (c) Find the peak voltage across
each half of the secondary. (d) Sketch the voltage waveform across RL.
(e) What is the peak current through each diode? (f) What is the PIV for
each diode?
D1
4:1

110Vrms RL
1.0kΩ
D2
Example
4. Draw the output voltage of the bridge rectifier shown. Notice
that all diodes are reversed from previous circuits.

5:1 D1 D4

110Vrms
D3 D2 RL
1.0kΩ
Diode Applications
Filter
Capacitor Input Filter
Formulas for Capacitor Input Filter

æ 1 ö Vr ( p - p )
Vr ( p - p ) = çç ÷÷V p ( rect ) r=
è fR L C ø VDC

æ 1 ö Vr ( p - p )
VDC = çç1 - ÷÷V p ( rect ) or VDC = V p ( rect ) -
è 2 fR L C ø 2
Example