Las 5

Name: _______________________________________ Date:____________________
Grade and Section:______________________________ Quarter & Week: 1/6

Subject: Earth and Life Science
Learning Activity Sheet No: 6

MAGMATISM AND METAMORPHISM
Competencies:
1. describe how magma is formed (magmatism)
2. Describe the physical and chemical changes in rocks due to changes in pressure and
temperature (metamorphism)
Reading Text A
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Prepared by: JOHN RYAN C. AGUIRRE
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Assessment A
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What process occurs if there are formation and movement of magma under
the earth’s crust?
A. flux melting C. partial melting
B. heat transfer D. decompression melting
2. What term should be used to describe a semi-liquid hot molten rocks located
beneath the Earth?
A. lava B. sand C. rocks D. magma
3. In what part of the earth does magmatism happen?

A. Asthenosphere C. Earth’s core
B. Earth’s crust D. Lithosphere
4. What do you call the semi-liquid hot molten rocks found on the surface of
earth once the volcano erupts?
A. lava B. sand C. rocks D. magma
5. During partial melting of magma, where does decompression melting take

place?
A. convergent boundary C. subduction zone
B. mid-ocean ridge D. all of the above
6. Which of the following is NOT a factor of partial melting?

A. addition of volatiles C. an increase in pressure
B. decrease in pressure D. an increase in temperature
7. When water or carbon dioxide is added to hot rocks, the melting points of
minerals within the rocks decrease. What process is being described?
A. flux melting C. partial melting
B. heat transfer D. decompression melting
8. During partial melting, which of the following minerals melt last?

A. biotite B. quartz C. feldspar D. none of the above
9. What are the two most abundant elements in magma?

A. oxygen and magnesium C. silicon and oxygen
B. silicon and aluminum D. oxygen and iron
10. What will happen to the temperature of rocks during partial melting?
A. decreases C. remains the same
B. increases D. all of the above
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Reading Text B
Metamorphism is the change that takes place within a body of rock as a result of it
being subjected to conditions that are different from those in which it is formed. It is from the
Greek word “meta” means change and “morphe” means form.
Metamorphism is defined as follows:

The mineralogical and structural adjustment of solid rocks to
physical and chemical conditions that have been imposed at depths
below the near surface zones of weathering and diagenesis and
which differ from conditions under which the rocks in question
originated.
Note that Diagenesis is also a change in form that occurs in sedimentary rocks. In
geology, however, we restrict diagenetic processes to those which occur at temperatures below
200oC and pressures below about 300 MPa (MPa stands for Mega Pascals), this is equivalent
to about 3 kilobars of pressure (1kb = 100 MPa).
Metamorphism, therefore occurs at temperatures and pressures higher than 200oC and
300 MPa. Rocks can be subjected to these higher temperatures and pressures as they are
buried deeper in the Earth. Such burial usually takes place as a result of tectonic processes
such as continental collisions or subduction.
The upper limit of metamorphism occurs at the pressure and temperature where melting
of the rock in question begins. Once melting begins, the process changes to an igneous
process rather than a metamorphic process.
Metamorphic Facies
In general, metamorphic rocks do not drastically change chemical composition during
metamorphism, except in the special case where metasomatism is involved (such as in the
production of skarns, as discussed above). The changes in mineral assemblages are due to
changes in the temperature and pressure conditions of metamorphism. Thus, the mineral
assemblages that are observed must be an indication of the temperature and pressure
environment that the rock was subjected to. This pressure and temperature environment is
referred to as Metamorphic Facies. (This is similar to the concept of sedimentary facies, in that
a sedimentary facies is also a set of environmental conditions present during deposition). The
sequence of metamorphic facies observed in any metamorphic terrain, depends on the
geothermal gradient that was present during metamorphism.
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Controls on Metamorphic Processes
The main factors that control metamorphic processes are:

• The chemical composition of the parent rock
• The temperature at which metamorphism takes place
• The pressure applied, and whether the pressure is equal in all directions or not
• The amount and type of fluid (mostly water) that is present during metamorphism
• The amount of time over which metamorphic conditions are sustained
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Assessment B
Directions. Read and analyze each statement and choose the letter which
corresponds to the correct answer by writing it on your answer sheet/notebook.
1. Which of the following words is NOT associated with metamorphism?

A. heat B. mantle C. pressure D. weathering
2. What is the effect of heat and pressure in rocks as there is an increase in

depth? A. foliation surfaces shine C. grain size becomes coarse
B. low-grade metamorphism D. increase in mineral alignment
3. What is the main factor that affects regional metamorphism?

A. heat B. fluid C. water D. pressure
4. Which of the following rock sample contains fine texture?

A. gneiss B. hornfels C. quartzite D. metaconglomerate
5. What rock is the result of the metamorphism of sandstones?

A. slate B. schist C. marble D. phyllite
6. What are the main factors for contact metamorphism to occur?

A. air and water C. temperature and water
B. heat and reactive fluid D. pressure and temperature
7. How do you describe the grain size texture of Hornfels?

A. It has fine texture C. It has coarse to fine texture
B. It has coarse texture D. It has medium coarse texture
8. Which of the following rock samples is less influenced by the heat?

A. phyllite B. gneiss C. schist D. slate
9. Which of the following is NOT true about metamorphism?

A. Slate and gneiss are examples of foliated rock.
B. Contact metamorphism creates non-foliated rocks.
C. Pressure is the main factor of contact metamorphism.
D. Magma will bake the surrounding rocks due to different in temperature.
10. How do temperature and pressure affect metamorphism?

A. Pressure and temperature increase as you go up to the crust.
B. The deeper the rock depth, the higher the pressure and temperature.
C. Foliation happens as there is an increase in the pressure and temperature.
D. Magma cannot bake the surrounding rocks due to the difference in temperature.
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Name: _______________________________________ Date:____________________

Grade and Section:______________________________ Quarter & Week: 1/6

Learning Activity Sheet No: 6

3. In what part of the earth does magmatism happen?

5. During partial melting of magma, where does decompression melting take

6. Which of the following is NOT a factor of partial melting?

8. During partial melting, which of the following minerals melt last?

9. What are the two most abundant elements in magma?

Metamorphism is defined as follows:

The main factors that control metamorphic processes are:

1. Which of the following words is NOT associated with metamorphism?

2. What is the effect of heat and pressure in rocks as there is an increase in

3. What is the main factor that affects regional metamorphism?

4. Which of the following rock sample contains fine texture?

5. What rock is the result of the metamorphism of sandstones?

6. What are the main factors for contact metamorphism to occur?

7. How do you describe the grain size texture of Hornfels?

8. Which of the following rock samples is less influenced by the heat?

9. Which of the following is NOT true about metamorphism?

10. How do temperature and pressure affect metamorphism?

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