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    Ee203 Class0

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    electronic circuits

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    Ee203 Class0

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    electronic circuits

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    electronic circuits

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views15 pages

    Ee203 Class0

    Uploaded by

    7aktas7cumali7
    electronic circuits

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    EE203

    Introduction to Digital Systems

    Suayb S. Arslan
    What is a digital system?
     A digital system is an implementation of a particular function using digital
    logic elements.
     Digital circuits are everywhere: Communications, multimedia, consumer
    electronics, health care, defense, software, security etc etc..
    What constitutes a digital system?
    • A digital system has…
    – Input interfaces such as keyboards, antennas,
    microphones or sensors.
    – Output interfaces such as monitors, speakers,
    printers, actuators etc.
    – Arithmetic/logic units to process digital data.
    • Digital circuits can be classified into
    – General purpose circuits: Computers
    – Application specific circuits: Cellphones
    Characteristics of Digital Systems
    • They represent and manipulate discrete elements
    of information
    • Discrete elements can be letters, digits etc
    • In digital electronic systems, electrical signals
    (voltages, currents) having two discrete values
    (binary) are used
    • A binary digit, called a bit, has two values: 0 and 1.
    • So, we will necessarily use binary numbers to
    represent information
    Digital Computers & Circuits
    • A digital computer can accommodate many input
    and output devices
    • It can perform not only arithmetic computations,
    but also logical operations
    • It can be programmed to make decisions based on
    internal and external conditions
    • Digital circuits, also referred to as logic circuits,
    process data by means of binary logic elements
    (logic gates) using binary signals
    • Quantities are stored in binary (two-valued) storage
    elements (flip-flops)
    Basic building blocks
    • Digital logic gates that will help implement
    more complex systems:
    – AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate
    • Logic blocks can be of two types:
    – Combinational logic blocks ( e.g. OR gate)
    – Sequential logic blocks ( e.g. Flip-Flops)
    • Logic blocks can have one/several inputs and
    one/several outputs.
    Registers
    Logic Gates
    What are logic gates made of?
    • Transistors:
    – The transistor is an electronic solid-state device
    that can amplify an electric signal.
    Vout > Vin
    out

    Powerout > Powerin


    in

    input Id
    output
    Mozart

    – You will learn more about them in your electronics


    classes.
    What is digital about signal
    amplification?
    • Transistors have different modes of operation.
    – A transistor can be used as a switch (on or off)
    – For example, the gate voltage can be used to adjust
    the current that flows through the transistor.
    What is an Integrated Circuit (IC)?
    • A small electronic device made out of
    a semiconductor wafer, using a planar
    fabrication technology.

    • Also known as “Chip”.


    What type of complexity we are
    talking about?
    • One million? Couple of millions?
    • Intel Itanium Tukwila Processor has
    – Four cores and over 2 billion transistors
    • Transistors are manufactured in nanoscale
    dimensions.

    Chip/IC
    Circuit Level Logic Level Modules
    level
    Moore’s law

    • The number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since its first
    inception.
    How do we design such a complex
    system?
    • 1. Make Abstractions
    – Transistors  switches
    – Gates  combinational/Sequential logic
    – Computational architectures (CPU)
    – Language (programming) abstraction
    – Software system abstraction (OS)
    • 2. Divide and Conquer
    • 3. Do not re-invent the wheel! Reuse the
    previous designs/projects.
    To make things easier…
    • We need knowledge about digital logic!
    • We need tools to explore ideas, simulate and
    validate various functionalities.
    • We need platforms to field test, emulate and
    design.
    – In particular open source software tools such as
    Pspice, Logisim
    – Hardware design languages: VHDL, Verilog
    Pspice: http://www.engr.uky.edu/~cathey/pspice061301.html
    Logisim: http://www.cburch.com/logisim/

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