Radio Network Planning

1. Introduction about ZTE Corporation

2. Introduction about Network Planning
3.Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
4.Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level
 Practice 1: Simulation DL Coverage
 Practice 2: Auto Cell Planning (No Cost)
 Practice 3: Auto Cell Planning (Cost Control)

5. Propagation Model Calibration

Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduction about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal
Level
 Propagation Model Calibration
Headquarter：ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P.R.China
 ZTE Products

ZXMP ZXONE
M721 9700 ZXONE
ZXONE 9700
Modem/ Access 9700
ONT/ONU Private line Aggregation
Layer OTN
ZXHN F670L Layer OTN
ZXA10
Core Layer Long-distance
Splitter OTN Backbone Layer OTN
Fixed network OLT M721 Aggregation
Access Layer OTN
Layer OTN

DU/CU
Wireless network ZXCTN ZXCTN
PTN/IPRAN
9000-E M6000
2G/3G/4G/5G Access
Layer IPRAN
DU
Inter region or
international
User capacity Commune/Hamlet Inner Province Inter-province
Nx10G Nx100G or NxTb
100M – 10G Nx10G or N100G Nx100G
 Internal use
Internal ▲
only▲
Use
ZTE Products – DWDM equipment
DCI
N×600G/400G/200G/100G
ZXONE 7000 (Front View/Back View) 200G platform ZXONE 7000 (Front View/Back View) 400G/800G platform
Router

Switch C2 C2D

OX42 9700 G2K (4.4T/10T) 9700 S3K/S3K(G) (32T) 9700 S6K (64T)

4G/5G
M721 CX63A/CX63A(E)
M721 OD60A

DX41-19 DX41-21
2G/3G
NX41 -19 NX41 -21
M721 DX63(E)
9700 S1 (4.4T) 9700 S2 (9.2T) 9700 S3 (14.4T) 9700 S6 (28.8T)

Enterprise
Access DWDM
Core/Backbone
+Metro
Residential
N*10G/100G/200G N*10G/100G/200G N*100G/200G/400G N*100G/200G
© ZTE All©rights reserved
ZTE All rights reserved
66
 Confidential▲
ZTE Products – Metro-E (IPRAN) equipment
E2E management Visual Management
ZENIC ONE/NCO/IPSDN
Access Pre- Aggregation Aggregation Core

ZXCTN 9000-18EA
gNB ZXCTN 6120H-A
ZXR10 M6000-2S16
EPC/RNC
ZXCTN 9000-8EA
ZXCTN 6120H-B ZXCTN 9000-3EA

eNB ZXCTN 6180H

aGW
ZXCTN 6120H-C
ZXCTN 9000 -2E10A
ZXCTN 9000-18E
Enterprise ZXCTN 6180H-A
ZXCTN 6120H-S

ZXR10 M6000-2S6 ZXCTN 9000-8E Plus SS

ZXCTN 9000-3E
ZXCTN 6150

Residential
MSE

Multi-service Reliable High-Bandwidth Visual IMT-Advanced &5G Ready

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
7
ZTE Products – GPON equipment

Patch cord
OCC ONT

Joint closure
ODF
OLT

Feeder cable Distribution cable Drop cable ONT

Optical splitter
ZTE Products – Microwave equipment
ZTE Products – RAN equipment
Indoor BBU AAU A+P

64T64R 32T32R mmWave

B8200

V9200
A9631/E/A/W A9641A A9651A/H A9622A/E/W A9722 A9652A/H A9815 A9835 AP9502
A9622D A9732 A9652D A9825 AP9512A/E

Multi-Mode Macro RRU

2T 1T 8T

R8862/A R8872A R8852E R9212E R9222/H R8892N R9266 R9606/A R9626

4T R8861 R8998G R9604/A

R9614

R8854/D/E/H R9214E R9234/D R8894E R9224E R9264/E/H R8994

ZTE Products – RAN equipment
Outdoor BBU Micro RRU

Pad RRU iMacro

V9920 R8402/M R8412 R9115/A

A8602 A8612 A9155

A9316 A9154
R8404

Micro BTS Small Cell

QCell

PB1124F

MA1020
R8139 R8149 R8159
BS8922/BS8932
PB1125F/G
ZTE Products – RAN equipment
Outdoor

BC8910A VC9910A

PC8910A PC9910A

BS8900A BS8900B BS9900A BS8906 BS8906B

Indoor

BS8800 VC9812 VC9811 VC9810 H-Rack L-Rack-I1 VC9182 VC9183

Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduct about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal
Level
 Propagation Model Calibration
 Introduction about Network Planning

14
 Introduction about Network Planning

15
 Introduction about Network Planning

16
 Introduction about Network Planning

17
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduction about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal
Level
 Propagation Model Calibration
 G-U-L Network overview
Element Information

■ Connection Management
■ Mobility Management
■ Radio Resource Management
■ QoS Management
■ User Plane Process
■ Security Management
■ RAN Sharing
■ Scheduling and Link Adaptation
■ RAN Management
19 Radio Access Network ■ Flexible Bandwidth
 G-U-L Network overview
Element Information
General Responsibility of RNP & RNO
Engineers:
 Design physical/system parameters for new
network elements
 Network Performance verification and
trouble shooting
 Data collection/analysis (statistic data,
network parameters, interference and
operation test log files)
 Coverage, Quality, Capacity Analysis
 Optimize and Configure system parameters
 Monintoring the network operation
 Network inspection (Health Check)
 On –site for trouble shooting (if need)
 Driving test (if need)
20
 G-U-L Network overview
E-UTRAN Network architecture

21
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
Physical Site/Cell Information: Location & Antenna Height

- Location: Longtitude & Latitude Azimuth Verified by GIS Map

- Antenna height (m) Measured by using compass on site

22
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
Physical Site/Cell Information: Mechanical Tilt (M-Tilt)

The Mechanical Tilt (M-Tilt) is very easy to be understood: adjust antenna, through
specific accessories on its bracket, without changing the phase of the input signal,
the diagram (and consequently the signal propagation directions) is modified
Need to go to site, climb on the tower to the antenna.
23
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
Physical Site/Cell Information: Electrical Tilt (E-Tilt)

The Electrical Tilt (E-Tilt), the modification of the diagram is obtained by changing the
characteristics of signal phase of each element of the antenna
The advantage of E-Tilt: able to adjust remotely (do not need to go to site) but it
depends on the antenna type
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 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
Metric of Downlink at UE

RSRP(Reference Signal Received Power)

RSRP is the linear average of reference singal power (in Watts) accorss the specified
bandwidth (in number of REs). This is the most important item UE has to measure for cell
selection, reselection and handover. You can think of this as the one similar to CPICH RSCP in
WCDMA.

UE usually measures RSRP or RSRQ based on the direction (RRC message) from the network and report the value. When
it report this value, it does use the real RSRP value. It sends a non-negative value ranging from 0 to 97 and each of these
values are mapped to a specific range of real RSRP value as shown in the following table

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 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic Information
Metric of Downlink at UE

RSRQ(Reference Signal Received Quality)

RSRQ = N × RSRP/(EUTRA carrier RSSI)
RSRQ indicates "What is the portion of pure RS power over the whole E-UTRA power recived by the UE".
Since this is the ratio of two different power value, the unit of RSRQ is dB and the value would be always negative
(because RSSI value will aways be larger than N x RSRP)

RSSI is the total power UE observes across the whole band. This includes the main signal and co-channel non-serving
cell signal, adjacent channel interference and even the thermal noise within the specified band.
UE usually measures RSRP or RSRQ based on the direction (RRC message) from the network and report the value.
When it report this value, it does use the real RSRQ value. It sends a non-negative value ranging from 0 to 34 and
each of these values are mapped to a specific range of real RSRQ value as shown in the following table.

26
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduct about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal
Level
 Propagation Model Calibration
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level - Principle
4G LTE Link budget (Signal level at receiver) calculator allows
to calculate the maximum Link budget of 4G LTE network
depending on Cell Radius, eNodeB/UE configuration,
Propagation model, attenuations, etc.

28
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level - Principle

29
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level - Principle
Propagation Model

Input
information

30
 Notes of setting for Digital Map in Atoll
Coordinate system
Import Digital Map

31
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduction about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level
 Practice 1: Simulation DL Coverage
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level by ATOLL

33
*) Note: right click Transmitters to choose Table of Cells
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level by ATOLL

34
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level by ATOLL
Point Analysis _Reception

35
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level by ATOLL
Point Analysis _Interference

36
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduction about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level
 Practice 2: Auto Cell Planning (No Cost)
 ATOLL- Auto Cell Planning: NO COST

38
 ATOLL- Auto Cell Planning: NO COST
Requirements of the Planning (default by Atoll)

39
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduct about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level
 Practice 3: Auto Cell Planning (Cost Control)
 ATOLL- Auto Cell Planning: COST CONTROL

41
Contents
 Introduction about ZTE Corporation
 Introduction about Network Planning
 Radio Access Network (RAN) - Basic
Information
 Prediction of Coverage by Signal
Level
 Propagation Model Calibration
 Propagation Model Calibration

43
Propagation Model
Calibration Principles

CW Test Process

Propagation Model
Calibration Procedure
Propagation Model Calibration Target:

Propagation Model is the basis of themobile communication

network，which is directly affect to estimate the size of wireless
network 、site distribution 、simulation and investment。

According to the characteristics of the planning area，through

calibrating propagation model of several typical sites ，to predict
the whole area wireless transmission characteristics。
Propagation Model Calibration Principles
General Model Formula：

PathLoss(d B) = K 1 + K 2 log10 d + K 3 H ms + K 4 log10 H ms + K 5 log 10 H eff

+ K 6 log10 H eff log10 d + K 7 Diffraction Loss + Clutter Loss

d：Distance between the BS and MS（Km）；

Hms ：Effective antenna height of the MS from the ground；
Heff ：Effective antenna height of the BS from the ground；
Clutter Loss：Loss of clutter where the MS is located。
Propagation Model Calibration Principles
CW Test Precaution

According to the famous Li Jianye theory, in mobile communication,

when 2L gets 40 wavelengths, the sampling points include 30~50,it is

effectively to reach the aim of “eliminating fast fading and reserving

slow fading”.

Test equipment sampling method：Time Sampling and Distance

Sampling；

Test Drive Uniform Speed：30~60km/h；

Catalog
Propagation Model
Calibration Principles

CW Test Process

Propagation Model
Calibration Procedure
CW Test Preparing：Test Equipment

1、 Transmitter（including power）、omni-directional antenna(1

set),Adjustable wrench for fixing antenna(1 set)；

2、 Notebook computer for test、scanner receiver（including GPS

receiving antenna and signal receiving antenna）、frequency scanner
（required if frequency needs to be scanned）

3、 Camera、compass、range finder、GPS；

4、 Feeder、jumper、power cord coil、site survey devices；

5、 Maps （paper maps and E-maps）；

6、 Software.
CW Test Preparing：Site Survey
1、 Confirm the longitude and latitude of every selected sites with
GPS, the resolution should be smaller than 5 m；

2、 Confirm the height of site antenna with range finder；

3、 Photograph the picture according to the order of north、

eastnorth、east、eastsouth、south、westsouth、west、
westnorth；

4、 Describe the surrounding clutter of sites,especially when there

is great obstacle blocked ,the distance between the obstacle and
site should be confirmed；
CW Test Preparing：Test Route Planning
Principles of route planning：
the planning test route should cover
all the direction around the test
point, if a small angle has obstacle
such as mountain and river, it can be
evaded on condition that the test
data size is matched；the planned
test route should preferably cover all
the clutter types in the area
represented by this test point；the
planned test route should be a
reticulation structure；
CW Test Preparing：CW Data Collection
CW data collected through Coyote receiver
CW Test Preparing：Test Data Process
1、Transforming KLF data to OUT data by BVS Chameleon CW data transform software,in
order to open it with excel.
CW Test Preparing：Test Data Process
2、 Make *.hd file and *.dat file to import CNP or Atoll

*.hd head file mainly describe basic information of sites, including transmitter
location、height、transmit power、transmit frequency、antenna parameters
CW Test Preparing：Test Data Process
*.dat file mainly describe test data, including 3 lines, first line shows longitude, second
line shows latitude, third line shows signal
Catalog
Propagation Model
Calibration Principles

CW Test Process

Propagation Model
Calibration Procedure
CNP Calibration Flow
 Propagation Model Calibration Standard

Some parameters related to propagation model calibration：

1、Average：Statistic average deviation between forecasting value and real test value

2、Standard Deviation：Standard deviation between forecasting value and real test value

3、Root Mean Square：Root mean square between forecasting value and real test value

After model calibration, the value of Average is 0,the Root Mean Square and Standard
Deviation is 6~9dB,it is the standard to judge whether the result is suitable.
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process

Choose Tools->Multiple Model Calibration to open Multiple Model Calibration.

 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process

Click Add,import one or several CW data file.

 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Check CW Data Information
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Set CW data file model calibration option

Data Filtering
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Parameters Configuration
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Select model in Generated Model, click “Analyse…” to export propagation model
calibration analyse report in excel
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Select model in Generated Model, click “Graph…” to check the data –Log distance
plot.
 CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Click“Auto Tune” to use auto calibration， Check Result of Model Calibration
CNP Propagation Model Calibration Process
Click“Export” to export result（Excel）
69
 Requirements of the COURSE REPORT

 Why do we need Network Planning?

 Principle of Prediction of Coverage by Signal Level (Key point: Link
budget)
 Steps of coverage prediction (3D Map, Site, Transmitter, Cell
import, Prediction)
 What is ACP (Auto Cell Planning) function? How many kind of ACP?
Pros v.s Cons of these kinds.
 Why do we need Propagation Model Calibration?

70
 Managed Service Project
Managed service: Manages and maintains the customer network in an all-round way based on the contract-agreed KPI/SLA.

Maintenance Service

Managed Service
Project management:
NOC team Field maintenance team Formulating project management
regulations to ensure normal
Second-line technical support project operation
Project Mgt Team

Outsourcing mgt,
cost mgt,
CM Service PM service
document mgt,
Fault mgt Configurati Performance Change Security Event mgt Capacity
quality mgt, on mgt mgt mgt mgt mgt
payment collection mgt,
Others
NOC:
Network monitoring
contract mgt, Fueling
Management
Site Security Real-time network monitoring and
personnel mgt,
maintenance, and overall network
administrative mgt,
quality improvement
compliance mgt
Service hotline Network monitoring Third-party Contract
management Electricity, oil,
tax,Lease SPMS
management

Alarm Performance Configuration

First-line maintenance:
Implements front-line
troubleshooting and preventive
maintenance.
Customer Wireless Optical cable Core network Transmission VAS Site configuration

71