The questions number 1–3 are based on unnecessary products that can trigger

the following passage. health problems and can interfere with

the functional aspect of some textiles. For
instance, when used on towels and
In the US, consumers spend nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce
around $700 million a year keeping their absorbency, which is why it’s generally
fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 recommended that reusable nappies
million a year on fabric softener. A giant aren’t washed with them. Once they are
manufacturer even claims a massive 50 washed down the drain they can become
percent share of the market. Despite the highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this,
popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether
to both the people who use them and the the time has come to break the fabric
marine life that ends up swimming in softener habit completely.
them.
Thomas, P. (2009). Behind the Label:
Fabric softening surfactants can be Comfort Fabric Softener. Taken on 20
derived from animals, plants or minerals, September 2021 from
as in the case of newer, silicone-based https://theecologist.org/2009/feb/12/beh
formulations. There is little difference ind-label-comfort-fabric-softener.
between the chemicals used in fabric
softeners and those used in hair
conditioners. Whatever they are based on, 1. What does the passage mainly talk
all fabric softeners work in pretty much about?
the same way, by depositing these a. The downside of fabric
surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softener usage
softer, reduce static cling, and impart a b. The popularity of fabric
fresh fragrance. softener in the US
c. Harmful compounds found
Special fixatives in the mix of both
in fabric softener
standard and luxury conditioners mean
d. Controlling the habit of
that the fragrance can last for days,
using fabric softener
permeating wardrobes and drawers. The
e. Environmental issues
regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals
caused by fabric softener
from fabric softeners can be a significant
trigger for asthma and other breathing
2. The word permeating in the third
problems. In the US, chemically sensitive
paragraph is similar in meaning
individuals complain that, even after
with ….
several washes, they cannot get the smell
a. Filling
of fabric softeners out of their washing
b. Soaking
machines and dryers.
c. Charging
If you are a fabric softener addict, d. Attaining
there are now a number of companies e. Absorbing
that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric
softeners. However, essentially, these are
 3. Based on the passage, it can be decommissioned hypobaric chamber left
hypothesized that … over from testing the Mercury space
a. ‘Green’ softeners are capsule, technologists stacked rows of
developed in response to hydroponic trays like bookshelves against
the needs of fabric softener the walls. Then systems for lighting,
addicts. ventilation, and circulating water were
b. Manufactures will shift to added using off-the-shelf parts. Various
producing ‘green’ fabric crops were planted on the stacked trays to
softener products. test how well they would grow in water
c. A small amount of fabric and without the benefit of sunlight or
softener chemicals in the open air. This innovative approach to
water will not harm aquatic farming created a foundation for the
life. industry of controlled environment
d. The absorbency in some agriculture, or CEA.
textiles will be reduced if
CEA combines plant science and
they are washed with fabric
environmental control to optimize plant
softeners.
growth and maximize efficiency,
e. People with breathing
frequently incorporating vertical growth
problems will feel safer
structures. Technology enables the
using fabric softener if it
filtering of contaminants from crop water
contains fewer perfume
and delivers precise nutrient balances.
chemicals.
Artificial lighting provides only the
necessary wavelengths at the right time,
The questions number 4–7 are based on intensity, and duration, while
the following passage. environmental controls maintain ideal
temperature and humidity. This approach
could help feed burgeoning future
The United Nations predicts Earth generations, said Nate Storey, chief
will have to feed another 2.3 billion science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of
people by 2050, mostly concentrated in several companies building on NASA’s
urban centers far from farmland. plant-growth research.
Conventional agriculture may not be able
to meet that demand, but luckily NASA
Pierce, M. (2021). NASA Research
has been working for decades to tackle
Launches a New Generation of
food production both on Earth and in
Indoor Farming. Taken on
space. Feeding astronauts during long-
November 30, 2021 from
term space exploration means stretching
https://www.nasa.gov
resources to grow plants in space—
/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/N
including minimizing water use and energy
ASA_Research_Launches_a_New_
consumption and eliminating soil.
Generation_ of_Indoor_Farming.
NASA initially pioneered these
techniques on the ground by building the 4. It is stated in the passage that …
country’s first vertical farm. Inside a
 a. The world will run out of 6. From the first paragraph, it can be
food by 2050 according to predicted that …
the United Nations. a. NASA will be more
b. NASA has maximized a concerned with food
farming method requiring a production in space than
little water. with food production on
c. NASA is taking over Earth.
conventional agriculture to b. The United Nations
address future food estimates that Earth will
demands. have to feed billions of
d. To improve plant people for a decade.
development, plant science c. The most crucial aspect of
must be integrated with long-term space
vertical growth structures. exploration will be
e. NASA’s innovative approach astronaut nutrition.
pioneered the d. Conventional agriculture
establishment of a will succeed in feeding
controlled environment astronauts if it is combined
agriculture industry. with NASA’s techniques.
e. In the future, there will not
5. Regarding the role of NASA in be enough land for
producing food, we know that … conventional agriculture.
a. The more farming
techniques NASA uses, the 7. How is the second paragraph
less energy it requires. related to the first paragraph?
b. The greater the space a. Paragraph 2 exemplifies
exploration is carried out, kinds of agricultural
the more number of progress discussed in
astronauts that must be paragraph 1.
fed. b. The vertical farm described
c. The more people requiring in paragraph 1 is explained
food, the more maximum in detail in paragraph 2.
NASA’s agricultural c. The second paragraph
technology will be. expands on the first
d. The longer the space paragraph’s discussion of
expedition is, the more NASA’s agricultural method.
NASA optimizes its farming d. The second paragraph
resources. explains further the issues
e. The more maximum NASA raised in the first paragraph
farming technology regarding food demands in
becomes, the less 2050.
traditional farming will be e. The success of the NASA
required. farming practices
mentioned in the first
 paragraph is reiterated in appetite. After one or two days, sniffles
the second paragraph. and sneezing may also occur. In kittens,
the infection may spread to the lungs and
cause fatal pneumonia.
The questions number 8–10 are based on
the following passage.
Hunter, T. (n.d). Chlamydial
Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is
Conjunctivitis in Cats. Taken on
an infection caused by a bacterial
September 21, 2021 from
organism (called Chlamydophila felis). The
https://vcahospitals.com/know-
most common signs of chlamydia in cats
your-pet/chlamydial-conjunctivitis-
involve the eyes or the upper respiratory
in-cats.
tract (nose or throat), and only when
infection is not treated does it spread to
8. What does the text mainly deal
the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside
with?
cells of the body and is not able to survive
a. The process of chlamydia
for long in the environment, spread of
affliction in cats
infection relies on direct or close contact
b. An overview of feline
with an infected cat. Following infection,
chlamydial conjunctivitis
the incubation period (the time between
c. Clinical signs of feline
infection and development of clinical signs
chlamydial conjunctivitis
of disease) is between three and ten days.
d. The symptoms of feline
The bacteria primarily infects the chlamydial conjunctivitis
conjunctiva, which are the delicate e. Treatments for cats with
membranes lining the eyelids and covering chlamydia conjunctivitis
the edges of the eyeballs. The infection
causes inflammation known as 9. In the second paragraph, the
conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the word inflammation most nearly
conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a means ....
pale, salmon pink color. In cats with a. Rash
conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes b. Bruise
swollen and red, making it more visible. c. Scrape
The nictitating membrane or third eyelid d. Swelling
in the inner corner of the eye may e. Soreness
protrude partially across the eye. One or
both eyes may be involved. 10. One of the symptoms of feline
chlamydial conjunctivitis is ….
Affected cats initially develop a
a. Eating disorder
watery discharge from the eyes that
b. Laboured breathing
quickly becomes thicker and is usually a
c. Low body temperature
yellow or greenish color. The eyes are
d. Abnormal eye discharge
uncomfortable and cats often keep the
e. Dysfunctional eye
affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain
membrane
bright and otherwise appear normal, but
some may develop a fever or lose their
 they calculated the amount of the 76
chemical elements present, as well as a
11. The question is based on the
few other materials, in each car type. To
following passage.
develop a monetary metric for
vulnerability, the team considered the
Supply chain weaknesses were
weight of each component, along with its
brought to the forefront during the
average price and price volatility between
COVID-19 pandemic, especially for
1998 and 2015. The results showed that
industries relying on electronics, as the
self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid
flow of raw materials slowed or
vehicles have twice the raw material cost
sometimes stopped. On top of that,
risks. The largest contributors to the
shifting consumer values and tougher
increase in cost risks were battery-related
environmental regulations have resulted
elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite
in more people buying hybrid vehicles.
and neodymium. The researchers say that
The batteries in these cars require rare
as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle
metals that, depending on their supplies,
production to meet demand, reducing raw
can have volatile and unpredictable prices.
material cost risks with long-term supplier
However, there are other scarce elements
contracts, substituting some materials or
and materials that may be used in smaller
recycling others will be a good idea.
amounts in hybrid models versus
conventional gas vehicles, raising the
American Chemical Society. (2021).
question of how these vehicles really
Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to
compare with regard to supply chain
supply chain issues as gas-powered
vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and
models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from
colleagues wanted to develop a
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/
comprehensive comparison of the
210728105731.htm.
elements and compounds that go into all
the parts in gas-powered, self-charging The author would apparently agree
hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating that the relationship between
each of the three vehicles' materials cost environmental regulations and the
vulnerability. purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1
is similar to the phenomenon of ....
The researchers collected
information on the compounds in the a. Cars and traffic
more than 350,000 parts used to build
seven vehicles from the same b. Oil and gas stations
manufacturer with different levels of
electrification, including four sedans and c. People and vehicles
three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then,
d. Gasoline and transportation
 e. Modern life and electric cars heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to
block pain signals.

12. The question is based on the

following text. Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat
Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July
Exercise is painful. As the cliché 14, 2021 from
goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body https://www.britannica.com/story
exerts itself, pumping action out of /why-does-heat-relax-your-
muscles to tear them down and build their muscles.
mass, it’s left with a soreness. Doctors,
coaches, and mothers all recommend heat What is the purpose of the underlined
for tense sore muscles—warm baths, sentence in paragraph 1?
moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated
a. highlight the process of muscle
pads as thermotherapy techniques. But
building during exercise
how exactly does applying this heat help b. illustrate the cliché related to
the pain and relax the muscles? exercise and pain
c. explain the sources of pain
while exercising
d. show the process of soreness
While exercising, the body requires on muscles
e. define the cliché “No pain, no
more energy than it can produce through
gain”
aerobic respiration, or the intake of
oxygen. To create enough energy for
vigorous movement, the body goes 13. Read the text below to answer the
through another process: anaerobic question!
respiration. This type of energy production A team led by UC Riverside
burns sugars without oxygen, producing geologists has discovered the first
lactic acid within exerted muscles. ancestor on the family tree that contains
Overworked muscles and a buildup of most familiar animals today, including
humans. The tiny, wormlike creature,
lactic acid are what cause the pain
named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest
associated with exercising. When heat is
bilaterian, or organism with a front and
applied to a sore area of the body, blood back, two symmetrical sides, and openings
vessels widen and blood flow increases to at either end connected by a gut. The
transport excess lactic acid and other paper is published today in Proceedings of
toxins away from tired muscles. These the National Academy of Sciences.
muscles are also made more elastic by the For 15 years, scientists agreed
that fossilized burrows found in 555
million-year-old Ediacaran Period deposits a. The descendant on the family tree
in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by of familiar animals found in
bilaterians. However, there was no sign of Australia
the creature that made the burrows, b. A team led by UC Riverside
leaving scientists with nothing but geologists
speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent c. Australian geologists finding most
doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and animals
Mary Droser, a professor of geology, d. The small ancestor of familiar
noticed miniscule, oval impressions near animals identified in Australia
some of these burrows. With funding from e. The geologists’ discovery of a
a NASA exobiology grant, they used a worm in Australia
three-dimensional laser scanner that
revealed the regular, consistent shape of a
cylindrical body with a distinct head and 14. Read the text below to answer the
tail and faintly grooved musculature. The question!
animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters
A team led by UC Riverside
long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide,
geologists has discovered the first
with the largest the size and shape of a
ancestor on the family tree that contains
grain of rice – just the right size to have
most familiar animals today, including
made the burrows.
humans. The tiny, wormlike creature,
named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest
bilaterian, or organism with a front and
“We thought these animals
back, two symmetrical sides, and openings
should have existed during this interval,
at either end connected by a gut. The
but always understood they would be
paper is published today in Proceedings of
difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once
the National Academy of Sciences.
we had the 3D scans, we knew that we
had made an important discovery.” For 15 years, scientists agreed
that fossilized burrows found in 555
million-year-old Ediacaran Period deposits
University of California – Riverside. (2020). in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by
Ancestor of all animals identified in bilaterians. However, there was no sign of
Australian fossils: A wormlike creature the creature that made the burrows,
that lived more than 555 million years ago leaving scientists with nothing but
is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent
25, 2020, from doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/ Mary Droser, a professor of geology,
200323152108.htm. noticed miniscule, oval impressions near
some of these burrows. With funding from
a NASA exobiology grant, they used a
What is the main idea of the passage? three-dimensional laser scanner that
revealed the regular, consistent shape of a
cylindrical body with a distinct head and
tail and faintly grooved musculature. The
animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters around us in our homes, offices, and
long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, schools. When used wisely, technology
with the largest the size and shape of a
and media can support learning children’s
grain of rice – just the right size to have
made the burrows. relationships both with adults and their
peers.
“We thought these animals
should have existed during this interval, Based on some evidence by
but always understood they would be
research, there has never been a more
difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once
important time to apply principles of
we had the 3D scans, we knew that we
had made an important discovery.” development and learning when
considering the use of cutting-edge
University of California – Riverside. (2020).
technologies and new media as the so-
Ancestor of all animals identified in
called interactive media. Interactive media
Australian fossils: A wormlike creature
that lived more than 555 million years ago refers to digital and analog materials,
is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March including software programs, applications
25, 2020, from (apps), some children’s television
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/ programming, e-books, the Internet, and
200323152108.htm. other forms of content designed to
The purpose of the passage is …. facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social
a. To announce how great a team of
geologists is engagement with other children and
b. To deliver the information about adults.
several ancestors
c. To advertise an ancient animal When the integration of
found in Australia technology and interactive media in early
d. To inform the readers about the childhood programs is built upon solid
important discovery developmental foundations, and early
e. To reveal the sophisticated new
childhood professionals are aware of both
science technology
the challenges and the opportunities,
educators are positioned to improve
The questions number 15-17 are based program quality by intentionally
on the following passage.
leveraging the potential of technology and
media for the benefit of every child.
Television was once the newest
technology in our homes, and then came
This statement provides
videos and computers. Today’s children
guidance for early childhood educators
are growing up in a rapidly changing
about the use of technology and
digital age that is far different from their
interactive media in ways that can
parents. A variety of technologies are all
optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, b. It argues that interactive
the definition of technology tools media include digital
materials only.
encompasses a broad range of digital
c. It explains the definition
devices such as computers, tablets, multi- and examples of interactive
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, media.
mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, d. It states that the children
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and adults nowadays are
and older analog devices still being used familiar with digital
such as tape recorders, record and technology.
e. It shows that interactive
cassette players, projectors, and
media can support social
microscopes.
engagement among adults.

By appropriately and
intentionally using the technology of his 16. The author would apparently agree
day—broadcast television—to connect on the idea that ....
with each individual child and with a. digital media can harm
parents and families, it demonstrated the learning and relationships
positive potential of using technology and b. technology provides
children with enjoyable
media in ways that are grounded in
experiences
principles of child development.
c. technology may bring more
good than harm when it is
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). used wisely
Technology and Interactive Media as Tools d. technology can influence
in Early Childhood Programs Serving the relationships between
Children from Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. children and their friends
Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 e. technology minimizes the
from potential for children’s
learning and engagement
https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files
with others
/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/
resources/position-statements/
ps_technology.pdf. 17. The author holds the assumption
that ....
15. How does the second sentence a. any forms of content
relate to the first sentence in designed to facilitate
paragraph 2? creative children to learn
a. It shows the importance of will challenge them
interactive media to b. interactive media are any
children’s lives. kind of media that include
hardware and artifacts of
education
 c. the integration of According to the Ministry of
technology and interactive Education, 74 percent of the students
media in childhood registered to the first of the JEE took the
programs leads to exam, while an above 80-percent
improved program quality attendance was observed for the NEET
d. applying principles of exam. Students are now gearing up for the
development and learning second stage of the JEE (the JEE
of children is secondary in Advanced), which will take place on
the use of the interactive September 27. Protests against the exam
media date have dwindled since the Supreme
e. technology and media can Court decision.
be used to facilitate
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of
learning and establish
Indian Students Sit University Entrance
better relationships with
Exams After Government Disregards
other children and adults
Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on
July 18, 2020 from
https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/milli
The questions number 18-20 are based
ons-of-indian-students-sit-university-
on the following passage.
entrance-exams-after-government-
Around 2.8 million Indian pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.
students sat university examinations from
the end of August to September 13 as the
country approached the grim milestone of 18. What can be inferred from the
5-million total COVID-19 cases. Despite passage?
pleas from civil society to defer a. Indian students were
examinations, including by Swedish reluctant to join university
climate activist Greta Thunberg, a preparation courses.
Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave b. Indian students were
the government the green light to keep forced to sit the JEE and the
the original schedule for the engineer and NEET exam.
medical colleges entrance exams. c. The JEE andi the NEET are
annually held by the
The JEE and the NEET, how
Supreme Court.
university exams for those two careers are
d. The Supreme Court
called, are India’s most competitive —
considered the pleas from
they sprawl industries of their own, with
society.
preparation courses generating millions of
e. The university entrance
dollars annually. The court bench headed
tests were finally
by Justice Ashok Bhushan said that “the
rescheduled.
career of the students cannot be put on
peril for long, and a full academic year
cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear
19. Which statement is CORRECT
any further petitions regarding postponing
based on the passage above?
future exam dates.
 a. The first stage of the JEE
Advanced was held after
September 27.
b. The exams may be
postponed due to the
protests against the exam
date.
c. NEET is an entrance
university test for both
medical and engineering
colleges.
d. Justice Ashok Bhushan
wasn’t concerned about
students’ academic and
future careers.
e. Many Indians demanded
rescheduling the exams
because of the high rate of
COVID-19 cases.

20. The author’s attitude towards the

civils’ protest regarding the exam
schedule is ….
a. Critical
b. Positive
c. Objective
d. Subjective
e. Informative