1. The questions number 1–3 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the
UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims
a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be
harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in
them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the
case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the
chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are
based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these
surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh
fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the
fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing
of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and
other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even
after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing
machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide
alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary
products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of
some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can
reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t
washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to
aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to
break the fabric softener habit completely.

What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US
C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener
D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener
E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

2. The word permeating  in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….

A. filling D. attaining
B. soaking E. absorbing
C. charging

3. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that …

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener

addicts.
B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.
C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.
D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric
softeners.
E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains
fewer perfume chemicals.

4. The questions number 4–7 are based on the following passage.

The United Nations predicts Earth will have to feed another 2.3 billion people by 2050,
mostly concentrated in urban centers far from farmland. Conventional agriculture may not
be able to meet that demand, but luckily NASA has been working for decades to tackle
food production both on Earth and in space. Feeding astronauts during long-term space
exploration means stretching resources to grow plants in space—including minimizing water
use and energy consumption and eliminating soil.

NASA initially pioneered these techniques on the ground by building the country’s first
vertical farm. Inside a decommissioned hypobaric chamber left over from testing the
Mercury space capsule, technologists stacked rows of hydroponic trays like bookshelves
against the walls. Then systems for lighting, ventilation, and circulating water were added
using off-the-shelf parts. Various crops were planted on the stacked trays to test how
well they would grow in water and without the benefit of sunlight or open air. This
innovative approach to farming created a foundation for the industry of controlled
environment agriculture, or CEA.

CEA combines plant science and environmental control to optimize plant growth and
maximize efficiency, frequently incorporating vertical growth structures. Technology
enables the filtering of contaminants from crop water and delivers precise nutrient
balances. Artificial lighting provides only the necessary wavelengths at the right time,
intensity, and duration, while environmental controls maintain ideal temperature and
humidity. This approach could help feed burgeoning future generations, said Nate Storey,
chief science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of several companies building on NASA’s
plant-growth research.

Pierce, M. (2021). NASA Research Launches a New Generation of Indoor Farming. Taken
on November 30, 2021 from https://www.nasa.gov
/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/NASA_Research_Launches_a_New_Generation_
of_Indoor_Farming.

4. It is stated in the passage that …

A. The world will run out of food by 2050 according to the United Nations.
B. NASA has maximized a farming method requiring a little water.
C. NASA is taking over conventional agriculture to address future food demands.
D. To improve plant development, plant science must be integrated with vertical
growth structures.
E. NASA's innovative approach pioneered the establishment of a controlled
environment agriculture industry.

5. Regarding the role of NASA in producing food, we know that …

A. The more farming techniques NASA uses, the less energy it requires.
B. The greater the space exploration is carried out, the more number of astronauts
that must be fed.
C. The more people requiring food, the more maximum NASA's agricultural technology
will be.
D. The longer the space expedition is, the more NASA optimizes its farming
resources.
E. The more maximum NASA farming technology becomes, the less traditional farming
will be required.

6. From the first paragraph, it can be predicted that …

A. NASA will be more concerned with food production in space than with food
production on Earth.
 B. The United Nations estimates that Earth will have to feed billions of people for a
decade.
C. The most crucial aspect of long-term space exploration will be astronaut nutrition.
D. Conventional agriculture will succeed in feeding astronauts if it is combined with
NASA's techniques.
E. In the future, there will not be enough land for conventional agriculture.

7. How is the second paragraph related to the first paragraph?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies kinds of agricultural progress discussed in paragraph 1.

B. The vertical farm described in paragraph 1 is explained in detail in paragraph 2.
C. The second paragraph expands on the first paragraph's discussion of NASA's
agricultural method.
D. The second paragraph explains further the issues raised in the first paragraph
regarding food demands in 2050.
E. The success of the NASA farming practices mentioned in the first paragraph is
reiterated in the second paragraph.

8. The questions number 8–10 are based on the following passage.

Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism

(called Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes
or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated
does it spread to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able
to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact
with an infected cat. Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection
and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.

The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining
the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection
causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily
visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva
becomes swollen and red, making it more visible. The nictitating membrane or third eyelid
in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may
be involved.

Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes
thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and cats
often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear
normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two days,
sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and
cause fatal pneumonia.

Hunter, T. (n.d). Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Cats. Taken on September 21, 2021 from
https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/chlamydial-conjunctivitis-in-cats.

What does the text mainly deal with?

A. The process of chlamydia affliction in cats

B. An overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis 
C. Clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
D. The symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
E. Treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis 

9. In the second paragraph, the word inflammation most nearly means ....

A. rash B. bruise
 C. scrape E. soreness
D. swelling

10. One of the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is ….

A. eating disorder D. abnormal eye discharge 

B. laboured breathing  E. dysfunctional eye membrane 
C. low body temperature 

11. The question is based on the following passage.

    Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic,
especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or
sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental
regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these
cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and
unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be
used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the
question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities.
Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the
elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and
plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

    The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000
parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of
electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they
calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other
materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team
considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility
between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid
vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in
cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium.
The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet
demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting
some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain
issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

The author would apparently agree that the relationship between environmental
regulations and the purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1 is similar to the phenomenon
of ....

A. cars and traffic  D. gasoline and transportation 

B. oil and gas stations E. modern life and electric cars
C. people and vehicles

12. The question is based on the following text.

    Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body exerts itself,
pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s left with a
soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore muscles—
warm baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as thermotherapy techniques.
But how exactly does applying this heat help the pain and relax the muscles?
    While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through aerobic
respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous movement, the
body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type of energy production
burns sugars without oxygen, producing lactic acid within exerted muscles. Overworked
muscles and a buildup of lactic acid are what cause the pain associated with exercising.
When heat is applied to a sore area of the body, blood vessels widen and blood flow
increases to transport excess lactic acid and other toxins away from tired muscles. These
muscles are also made more elastic by the heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to block
pain signals. 

Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July 14, 2021 from
https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-heat-relax-your-muscles.

What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. highlight the process of muscle building during exercise

B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain
C. explain the sources of pain while exercising 
D. show the process of soreness on muscles 
E. define the cliché “No pain, no gain”   

13. Read the text below to answer the question!

    A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the family
tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny, wormlike
creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with a front and
back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut. The paper is
published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

    For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians. However,
there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists with nothing
but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and
Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval impressions near some of
these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology grant, they used a three-
dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular, consistent shape of a cylindrical body
with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved musculature. The animal ranged between
2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape
of a grain of rice -- just the right size to have made the burrows.

    "We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D scans,
we knew that we had made an important discovery."

University of California - Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian

fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years ago is the earliest
bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. the descendant on the family tree of familiar animals found in Australia 

B. a team led by UC Riverside geologists 
C. Australian geologists finding most animals
D. the small ancestor of familiar animals identified in Australia
E. the geologists’ discovery of a worm in Australia
14. Read the text below to answer the question!

    A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the family
tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny, wormlike
creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with a front and
back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut. The paper is
published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

    For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians. However,
there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists with nothing
but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and
Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval impressions near some of
these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology grant, they used a three-
dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular, consistent shape of a cylindrical body
with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved musculature. The animal ranged between
2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape
of a grain of rice -- just the right size to have made the burrows.

    "We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D scans,
we knew that we had made an important discovery." University of California - Riverside.
(2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that
lived more than 555 million years ago is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020,
from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

The purpose of the passage is ….  

A. to announce how great a team of geologists is 

B. to deliver the information about several ancestors 
C. to advertise an ancient animal found in Australia 
D. to inform the readers about the important discovery 
E. to reveal the sophisticated new science technology 

15. The text is for the following question.

    Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

    Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to
digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content
designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social
engagement with other children and adults.

    When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is
built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of
both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program
quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of
every child.
    This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses
a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens,
interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games,
e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record
and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

    By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television
—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the
positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of
child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in
Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and
adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-
shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.

How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?

A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives. 

B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital technology.
E. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among adults.

16. The text is for the following question.

    Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

    Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to
digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content
designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social
engagement with other children and adults.

    When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is
built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of
both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program
quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of
every child.

    This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses
a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens,
interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games,
e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record
and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.
    By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television
—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the
positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of
child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in
Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and
adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-
shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.

The author would apparently agree on the idea that ....   

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships 

B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely 
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends 
E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement with
others 

17. The text is for the following question.

    Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

    Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to
digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content
designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social
engagement with other children and adults.

    When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is
built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of
both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program
quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of
every child.

    This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses
a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens,
interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games,
e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record
and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

    By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television
—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the
positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of
child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in
Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and
 adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-
shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.

The author holds the assumption that ....

A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will challenge
them 
B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of
education 
C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads to
improved program quality 
D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the use
of the interactive media 
E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better
relationships with other children and adults

18. The question is based on the following passage.

    Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of August
to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total COVID-
19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by Swedish
climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave the government
the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and medical colleges
entrance exams. 

    The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation courses
generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan
said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and a full academic
year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions regarding postponing
future exam dates.

    According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have
dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.  

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams
After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on July 18, 2020 from
https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-
exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.

What can be inferred from the passage?  

A. Indian students were reluctant to join university preparation courses.

B. Indian students were forced to sit the JEE and the NEET exam.
C. The JEE and the NEET are annually held by the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court considered the pleas from society. 
E. The university entrance tests were finally rescheduled.

19. The question is based on the following passage.

    Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of August
to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total COVID-
19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by Swedish
climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave the government
the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and medical colleges
entrance exams. 

    The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation courses
generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan
said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and a full academic
year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions regarding postponing
future exam dates.

    According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have
dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams
After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on July 18, 2020 from
https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-
exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.

Which statement is CORRECT based on the passage above? 

A. The first stage of the JEE Advanced was held after September 27.
B. The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
C. NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering colleges.
D. Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and future
careers.
E. Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate of
COVID-19 cases.

20. The question is based on the following passage.

    Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of August
to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total COVID-
19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by Swedish
climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave the government
the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and medical colleges
entrance exams. 

    The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation courses
generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan
said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and a full academic
year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions regarding postponing
future exam dates.

    According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have
dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.  

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams
After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on July 18, 2020 from
https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-
exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-postpone-them/.

The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is …

A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective 
E. informative