NAME:__________________________________________

9
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________

SCIENCE
Quarter I – Week 3
Extinction

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 9
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter I - Week 3: Extinction
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets

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 Lesson 1
Extinction
MELC: Relate species extinction to failure of populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt
changes in the environment. S9LT-Ie-f-30

Objectives:
1. Identify the five major mass extinctions occurred in biological history
2. Enumerate the natural and anthropological factors that threatened and endangered
species which may lead to extinction
3. Differentiate endangered, threatened, vulnerable and critically endangered species

Let’s Try
Directions: These questions will help you think about the lesson you are about to learn.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provide before the number.
_______1. What do you call the state when the entire population of a species no longer
exists in any biological community?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction
_______2. What do you call the species that is extinct only in a particular biological
community but may still be existing in other habitats?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction
_______3. What kind of extinction as referred to the normal rate as part of natural
evolution?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction
_______4. What term is used when an extensive percentage of the planet’s diversity
completely disappeared and extinct geologically in a very brief time interval?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction
_______5. Which mass extinction has wiped out 96% of the living species and
suggested to be the deadliest mass extinction?
A. Cretaceous-Tertiary Period Mass Extinction
B. Devonian Period Mass Extinction
C. Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
D. Permian-Triassic Period Mass Extinction
_______6. Which mass extinction has depleted 85% of the marine species?
A. Cretaceous-Tertiary Period Mass Extinction
B. Devonian Period Mass Extinction
C. Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
D. Permian-Triassic Period Mass Extinction

_______7. Which species had once lived and grazed Philippine lands and now has gone
extinct?
A. Philippine Dinosaurs C. Philippine Megalodon
B. Philippine Eagle D. Philippine Rhinoceros
1
 _______8. Which of the following is a natural cause of extinction?
A. Climate Change C. Overexploitation
B. Habitat destruction D. Pollution

_______9. The following are the factors of extinction made by humans EXCEPT one.
A. Asteroid impact C. Pollution
B. Climate Change D. Volcanic Eruption

_______10. What do you call the adding of substances, things or energy to the
environment which causes change in the natural state of air, water or soil?
A. Asteroid impact C. Pollution
B. Habitat destruction D. Volcanic Eruption

Let’s Explore and Discover

What is Extinction?
There are countless organisms that once inhabited the Earth. When the environment
undergoes changes, the population of organisms respond in three different ways: 1) some
adapt to changes and adjust to the new ecological conditions, 2) others migrate to a new
environment with favorable conditions to support reproduction and basic needs like food
and habitat, 3) lastly, the dramatic decline of their population could lead to the extinction
of an entire species.
Extinction is a state when the entire population of certain species no longer exists in
any biological community. It is referred to when a species of animals or plants extinct if
the last of its kind has already died and the total disappearance of all members of a
certain species is verified.
Extinction is described into two categories based on time of occurrence and the effect
on the population of organisms in a given community.

Background extinction Mass Extinction

Background extinction is the Mass extinction is an extensive
normal extinction rate. It is a natural disappearance of life concerning the actual
occurring part of evolution. There are planet’s diversity and has completely gone
species that go extinct simply because geologically extinct in a short period of time.
not all life can be sustained and This is a widespread elimination of more than
supported by the available resources in 50% of living organisms such as plants and
the environment. Moreover, some animals.
species simply cannot survive.

Paleontologist assumed that in every 100 species that lived on the planet, about 99
percent are already extinct. Background extinction has a lower rate of species loss
compared to the mass extinction.
Another small-scale extinction may occur in biological community, if an endemic
species in an area perish, they are considered local extinct. Endemic species are
vulnerable to extinction. They are locally nonexistent but maybe found in other places.
Their kind is adaptive only to a particular environment and migration is not suitable for
their kind. Whenever there is a little change on their biological community, it could affect
their feeding behavior, participation in symbiosis and reproduction.

What are the factors that causes the extinction of species?

Extinction maybe caused by two factors; the extinction caused by nature and
extinction caused by human activities.

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Natural Factors that Threaten Species
Natural phenomenon occurring in the planet can have a major impact on life. It can
easily damage the ecosystem. Natural factors can threaten the existence of species which
include events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. These events do naturally happen
without human intervention.
Diseases, epidemic and pandemics are also natural factors that impend species.
Popular cases of birdflu and mad cow diseases were reported in the past. These threaten
the life of many avian species as well as livestock animals. There are many natural
infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. They could kill many members of
the species if vaccine is not discovered to treat the disease.
This year 2020, COVID-19 virus has threatened the lives of many humans. It was
initially proclaimed that the virus infection originated from bats and other exotic animals
prepared as food. This virus primarily alarmed China and eventually turned into a global
pandemic. Natural factors could influence the life cycle of organisms particularly their
birth rate, growth, development and reproduction. However, natural factors usually
happen slowly and cause low rate of extinction.
Species have natural adaptive traits which correspond to their strength and
weaknesses. These characteristics were inherited from their ancestors and were developed
through evolution, necessary for them to adapt from natural factors that make them
prone and vulnerable from extinction. Every detail of organism’s physiological
characteristic has its purpose in adaptation.

Anthropological Factors that Endanger Species

The rise and the dominance of human through biological history is recognized to
have brought a huge impact in global ecological community. Attributed to human
activities, the planet has briefly changed despite the late development of human existence.
The rapid rising of population and the consumption of resources has been the prime
factor undertaken in the presence of man in relation with his environment. Humans are
dependent from the resources that were provided by nature and the environment. The
expansion of humanity to cultivate the resources of the planet leads to destruction,
primarily to the vegetation of many species.
The HIPPCO, is an acronym for the six reasons for losing our biodiversity,
attributed to human activity:
Harvesting resources from our nature has led to the destruction
of natural habitats of plants and animals. Some of these are

H
Habitat
deforestation, kaingin, siltation of rivers and destruction of coral
reefs.
Most of the time, the destruction of habitats of other organisms
is the collateral effect of human unwarranted desire in
Destruction harvesting the natural resources for industrialization.

There are invasive species that were inflicted by human

I
Invasion of Species
activities, but naturally invasive species are caused by mass
migration either because of habitat destruction or finding other
favorable area to live in.

The rise of human population causes a huge impact to the

P
Population
global environmental community. Human activities, invasion
and excavation of resources have caused rapid changes on
Earth’s topography, natural resources, and climate. The life of
other species depends on the ecological balance.
The making and mixing of substances, materials or energy to
the environment that causes change in the natural state of air,
water or soil is called pollution.

P
Pollution
Mixture of either solid, liquid, and gas substances in the
environment may change natural chemical composition of the
environment. Energy such as heat, sound and radiation are
pollutants that could intervene the natural processes of an
environment.
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 Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and
typical weather patterns in a global or regional climate pattern.

C
Climate Change
It has also related to other damaging weather events such as
more frequent and more intense typhoons, floods, rainstorms in
tropical places like Philippines and winter storms for cold
places.
It is also called overharvesting. The natural resources in the
environment was subjugated for the harvest of wild medicinal

O
Overexploitation
plants; hunting/gaming animals used for recreation, fishing and
marine stocks; deforestation; and water aquifers as well as the
reservoir of ground water. It has been the major source that
humanity devastated or overused for consumption. Indeed,
overexploitation can lead to resource destruction.

Threatened Species
Threatened species are organisms that decline so fast. They were likely to become
an endangered species within a short duration. The rate of reproduction and the rate of
mortality is significantly unbalanced, and later evidence such declining in number are
observed. Example of these is the Katala (Philippine Cockatoo), Pikoy (Philippine Green
Parrot) and Talking Myna found in the southern portion of Palawan.
Another category to describe threatened and endangered species are vulnerable.
Vulnerable species are those categorized as likely to become endangered unless the
circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improves.

Endangered Species
Endangered Species are species that are in danger of extinction throughout all or
a significant portion of its range. The species are considered endangered if the population
becomes so low that only few remain.
In the Philippines, some terrestrial species like the tamaraw in Mindoro, mouse
deer in Palawan, Philippine deer, monkey-eating eagle, and aquatic species like the
dugong found in Negros, Batangas, and Leyte are in danger of extinction. Many of the
endemic animals in different areas and islands in the Philippines are now endangered.
The main cause of population decline is the exploitation and captivity for exotic zoo
keeping or domestic pets and some for exotic food preparation. Others are hunted for
medical and traditional ritual purposes. The same with endemic plants (flora), they are
harvested for food, traditional rituals, and herbal medication. The expansion on human
civilization also endangered the presence of certain species that once inhabited areas that
are abundant in diversity before human existence.
Recently, critically endangered (CR) species were categorized by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). These are the species facing an extremely high
risk of extinction. The endangered and the critically endangered species are more at risk
of being wiped out altogether. They have the so-called Red List, which holds a
comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. Critically
endangered species are organisms that are very likely to become extinct in the near
future. Philippine Crocodile, Mindoro Bleeding-Heart, Rufous-Headed Hornbill, Hawksbill
Sea Turtle, Red-Vented Cockatoo, Philippine Forest Turtle, Philippine Naked-Backed Fruit
Bat, Visayan Warty Pig, Tamaraw and Philippine Eagle are among the top ten critically
endangered species in the country.
On the next portion of the module, you are going to discuss another endemic species
from Palawan, that was reported to be extinct.

(Source: “International Union for Conservation of Nature.” Britannica. modified on August 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Union-for-Conservation-of-Nature.)

(Source: “Top 50 Critically Endangered Animals in the Philippines.” modified on August

20201 https://owlcation.com/stem/The-Top-Ten-Critically-Endangered-Animals-in-the-
Philippines.)

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 Let’s Practice
Activity 1
What causes extinction? Does it occur naturally, or the human activities has
something to do with it? Using your prior knowledge create a Venn Diagram on which
cause the extinction most?

What causes EXTINCTION?

Natural Factors
(example: volcanic eruption)
HumanFactors
Other Factors (example: overharvesting)
(example: global warming)

Activity 2
Threatened, Endangered or Extinct?

Procedure:
1. Make a simple research using internet or articles from journals and books about the
following species. Search about their natural conservation status whether they are
threatened, endangered or extinct.

2. Fill out the table.

Status
Threatened,
Species Cause
Endangered,
Extinct
Ex: Philippine Eagle Endangered Hunting
Palawan flying fox
Tamaraw
Blue -capped king fisher
Steglodon
Philippine rhinoceros
Calamian deer
Palawan hornbill
Hawksbill sea turtle
Philippine tarsier
Binturong

5
Guide Questions:
Q1. Which of the animal/s is/are already extinct?
____________________________________________________________.
Q2. Which animal/s is/are considered threatened?
____________________________________________________________.
Q3. Which species are listed endangered?
____________________________________________________________.
Q4. According to your findings, what is the greatest threat to species?
____________________________________________________________.

Let’s Do More
Activity 1
The Extinction Timeline
Materials:
• Photos of mass extinction
• Scissor
• Glue
• Board paper

Procedure:
1. Cut the photos of different mass extinction attached
on the appendixes.
2. Paste them in a board paper and make a paper stand
for every picture
3. Arrange them in according to the time the extinction
occur to make a timeline.
4. Using the prior information to answer the guide
questions.
Directions: Shade the circle of the answer of your choice.

Q1: Which mass extinction is the most devastating?

⃝ Devonian Period Mass Extinction ⃝ Cretaceous-Tertiary Period Mass Extinction
⃝ Triassic-Jurassic Period Mass Extinction ⃝ Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
⃝ Permian-Triassic Period Mass Extinction

Q2: What is the most common reason of mass extinction?

⃝ Natural Factors ⃝ Anthropological Factors

Q3: How will you describe our planet if it did not undergo through different stages of mass
extinction?
⃝ Our planet would not be the same as it is used today.
⃝ Probably we are sharing Earth with the dinosaurs and other extinct organisms.
⃝ If there would be no extinction our planet did not evolve on how it looks like today.
⃝ If there would be no extinction there might also be no presence of any human today.
⃝ Other answer: ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

6
Q4. How does mass extinction in biological history become advantageous to our existence
today?
⃝ The planet has change on how it looks like today.
⃝ The planet has become better and safer, because in the fast there are many
dangerous organisms that has exist and now, they are extinct.
⃝ Our biological history has evolved through mass extinction and the planet that we
enjoy today is a result of constant change.
⃝ Other answer: ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

Use this information in answering the questions above.

Five Major Mass Extinctions in our Biological History
Mass extinctions Cause and Effect
Ordoviacian-Silurian Period Mass Extinction (400 mya)
About 85-86% of the marine life disappeared. This was caused by climate
change resulting to glaciation (described as the abundant absorption of CO 2
by massive number of plants from the atmosphere causing rapid glacier
formation and global cooling). It reduced the aquatic habitat due to the
dropping of the sea level. Organisms which were able to survive from the
global cooling did not endure when global warming occurred after a
momentary cooling of the planet. The increase of temperature resulted to the
rapid upsurge of the sea level.
The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction is the third largest mass
extinction recorded in biological history.
Late Devonian Period Mass Extinction (365 mya)
75% of the species on Earth was wiped-out on its surface. There are
theories that the alterations of sea level, asteroid impacts, climate change
and new kinds of plants messing with the soil cause mass extinction. Algae
results to a massive algal bloom consuming vast amounts of carbon dioxide
(CO2) that suffocated several species. The devoid of oxygen causes other
species to die out, that only microorganisms such as bacteria survived.
Permian-Triassic Period Mass Extinction (252 mya)
The deadliest mass extinction in history is also known as the Great Dying.
About 96% of life perished. Scientist believed that the mass extinction was
caused by an asteroid impact, flood basalt, volcanic eruption, catastrophic
methane released, drop in oxygen levels, and sea level fluctuation. Series of
volcanic eruption contributed to the rise of CO 2 and methane in the
atmosphere resulting to rapid greenhouse effect and global warming. Other
gases in the atmosphere combined with water produce acidic rain making
the ocean toxic for life.
The Earth’s observable species today are descended from 4% of surviving
organisms from this period.
Triassic-Jurassic Period Mass Extinction (201.3 mya)
About 50-80% of the species including large amphibians and mammals
become extinct. Scientists theorized that volcanic eruptions released
massive CO2 in the atmosphere, which trapped heat causing global warming
and caused toxicity to the atmosphere and ocean. Other than climate change
and volcanic catastrophes, some scientists also theorized flood basalt
eruptions, ocean acidity, and an asteroid impact may contribute to the mass
extinction. The mass extinction makes its way for the dinosaur’s lineage.
Cretaceous-Tertiary Period Mass Extinction (66 mya)
60-76% of the living organisms were wiped out due to the impact of a
massive asteroids in the planet. This was the most accepted theory that
wiped out different species of dinosaurs. The event was theorized and
happened at Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. The impact would have ejected
enormous amount of debris into the atmosphere, causing global temperature
to drop. The impact had also caused local fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, and
acid rains.
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 Activity 2
My Time Capsule
Materials:
Pen and Paper Empty formula milk can or a glass jar.
Natural clay or cement Shovel
Your personal memorabilia

Procedure:
1. Write a letter to the future generations or to your descendants. Suppose that your
letter will be received by a friend 100 years from now. Use this as an example:

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan

June 22, 2020
Dear future descendant,
A pleasant greeting!
I am Dan Ernest Rivera, 14 years old. I am presently
studying online with other thousands of students in the
country. These is the time when the planet is hit by the
frightening COVID-19 pandemic. It has threatened the lives of
thousands of people in the world including the Philippines. For
almost half a year, everyone was under a strict quarantine.
When going outside, social distancing is practiced and
observed. We are using facemasks all the time. The virus
endangered the lives of so many people, especially the
frontliners.
Before the pandemic, different nations were on their
heights of economy and weaponry. I was fortunate to be born
and raised in Palawan because our environment and biological
diversities were recognized in the whole world for its natural
abundance. Recently, I had a trip at Palawan Wildlife Rescue
Center and I have seen so many endemic species that were
rescued by concerned citizens. There, I found freshwater
crocodiles as well as the endemic saltwater crocodiles. I saw
tandikan, an endemic peasant fowl. I also saw endemic birds
like the scoops owl and Palawan Hornbill. There are also
rescued forest turtles, porcupines, and bearcats. It is a true
pride of our place that we still have these endemic animals
though they are now critically endangered. I hope that they
are still existing at the time you are reading this letter.
Today, there are few of them in the wild, and I hope 100
years from now, I am still sharing you the same world and
experience as I do cherish today…
With this letter, accept a simple souvenir of my time.
Nice meeting you… God bless our planet…

Sincerely,
Dan Ernest

• In the letter you are going to describe what we are experiencing in our planet
today.
• Share and tell them the species you know and encounter in our present
time.
• Tell them the tales of how the generations before you look like.

2. Attach a simple memorabilia or souvenir from our time. It could be pictures or any
important thing that could describe our present time.
3. Put them in a can or jar.
8
 4. Bury it in a pit at your backyard. Cover it with clay or cement to protect your time
capsule for a long period of time.
5. Take a photo of your letter and souvenir, as well as a photo while burying your
capsule. Send it to your teacher for an online discussion.

Guide Questions:
Q1: What is the best heritage you can offer the future generation?
_________________________________________________________________
(Write the item you put inside the time capsule)

Q2: How would think of 14-year-old, born in the future react if he receives your time
capsule letter 100 years from now?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Sum It Up
A short recall of our lesson. Fill-in the table with the word being described. Select your
answer from the box below.

Background Mass Extinction Threatened Species

Extinction
Extinction Local extinction

1. ____________________ is a state when the entire population of species no longer exist

in any ecological community.
2. ____________________ endemic species which are vulnerable to extinction because
their kind is adaptive only to a particular environment. A little change in their
biological community can lead to disturbance in their feeding behavior, participation
in symbiosis and reproduction.
3. ____________________it is referred to as normally occurring part of evolution wherein
species go extinct since not all life can be sustained on Earth.
4. ___________________ is an extensive disappearance and complete extinction of the
planet’s life diversity in a short time interval.
5. ____________________are organisms that decline so fast. They were likely to become an
endangered species with a short duration.

9
 Let’s Assess
Directions: These questions will help you think about the lesson you are about to learn.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provide before the number.

_______1. Which mass extinction has depleted 85% of the marine species?
A. Cretaceous-Tertiary Period Mass Extinction
B. Devonian Period Mass Extinction
C. Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
D. Permian-Triassic Period Mass Extinction

_______2. Which species had once lived and grazed Philippine lands and now has
gone extinct?
A. Philippine Dinosaurs C. Philippine Megalodon
B. Philippine Eagle D. Philippine Rhinoceros

_______3. Which of the following is a natural cause of extinction?

A. Climate Change C. Overexploitation
B. Habitat destruction D. Pollution

_______4. What do we call those species that are endangered of extinction throughout
all or a specific portion of its range?
A. Critically Endangered C. Threatened
B. Endangered D. Vulnerable

_______5. Species facing an extremely high risk of extinction are categorized as

__________.
A. Critically Endangered C. Threatened
B. Endangered D. Vulnerable

_______6. What do you call the state when the entire population of a species no longer
exists in any biological community?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction

_______7. What do you call the species that is extinct only in a particular biological
community but may still be existing in other habitats?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction

_______8. What term is used when an extensive percentage of the planet’s diversity
completely disappeared and extinct geologically in a very brief time interval?
A. Background Extinction C. Local extinction
B. Extinction D. Mass extinction

_______9. The following are the factors of extinction made by humans EXCEPT one.
A. Asteroid impact C. Pollution
B. Climate Change D. Volcanic Eruption
_______10. What do you call the adding of substances, things or energy to the
environment which causes change in the natural state of air, water or soil?
A. Asteroid impact C. Pollution
B. Habitat destruction D. Volcanic Eruption

10
 Answer Key
Let’s Try Let’s Practice Let’s Do More:
1. B Activity 1
Activity 1
2. C
1. Permian-Triassic Period
3. A 2. Natural Factors
4. D 3. All answers are correct
5. D 4. All answers are correct
6. C
7. D Activity 2
8. A 1. The answer will be based
9. D Activity 2 on the item on the time
10. C capsule.
2. Any students point of
Let’s view is acceptable.
Assess
1. C Let’s Sum it Up
1. Extinction
2. D 2. Local extinction
3. A 3. Background extinction
4. D 4. Mass extinction
5. A 5. Threatened Species
6. B Guide Questions:
7. C 1. Steglodon, Philippine rhinoceros
2. Blue-capped king fisher, Palawan flying fox,
8. D
Calamian Deer, Palawan hornbill, Binturong
9. A 3. Philippine eagle, Tamaraw, Halksbill sea turtle,
10. A Philippine Tarsier
4. Habitat destruction, hunting, population expansion,
hunting, domestication, climate change

References
BOOKS:
Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Herman L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmora, Oliver
A. Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Estrella C. Osorio,
Digna C. Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos,
Science 9 Learners Module, Department of Education-Instructional
Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS), 2017

ELECTRONIC SOURCE:
Laura Enzor. “What Is Extinction? - Defining Background and Mass Extinction,”
Assessed August 2021, https://study.com/academy/lesson/ what-is-
extinction-defining-background-and-mass-extinction.html

Harries, Peter J. “Background Extinction,” Accessed August 2021,

https://www.accessscience.com/content/background-extinction/067850

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Appendixes 1: Please don’t print at the back!
Materials for Let’s Do more / Activity 1: The Extinction Timeline

Cut Cut Cut

Cut Cut Cut

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