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    Structural Masonry

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    y mugambi
    Engineering

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Structural Masonry

    Uploaded by

    y mugambi
    15 views4 pages
    Engineering

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Engineering

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views4 pages

    Structural Masonry

    Uploaded by

    y mugambi
    Engineering

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    P.O. Box 972-60200 – Meru-Kenya


    Tel: +254(0) 799 529 958, +254(0) 799 529 959, + 254 (0) 712 524 293,
    Website: info@must.ac.ke Email: info@must.ac.ke

    University Examinations 2023/2024

    FOURTH YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR


    OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

    ECT 3459: STRUCTURAL DESIGN (MASONRY STRUCTURES)

    DATE: APRIL 2024 TIME: 2 HOURS

    INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one and any other two questions

    QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)

    a. State three support conditions of laterally restrained walls. (3 marks)


    b. The design of vertically loaded walls is summarised in four steps. List them.
    (4 marks)
    c. Identify four devices applied in stressing steel for prestressed concrete. (4marks)
    d. Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in prestressed concrete design.
    (4 Marks)
    i. Wires
    ii. Tendon -
    iii. Bars:
    iv. Post-tensioning:
    e. State three types of walls used in the masonry design of structures. (3marks)
    f. State two reasons the load on a structure is always anticipated to change for design
    purposes. (2marks)
    Meru University of Science & Technology is ISO 9001:2015 Certified
    Foundation of Innovations Page 1
    g. The university is planning to expand the Civil Engineering Workshops for the current
    population. Highlight any five inputs of an engineering project design process they are
    likely to undertake. (5marks)
    h. Discuss any five differences between prestressed concrete and reinforced concrete.
    (5 marks)

    QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS)

    a. Prestressed members are presumed to withstand high bending stresses but with some losses.
    Discuss ANY five losses experienced from post-tensioning a structural member.
    (5 marks)

    b. A pre-tensioned concrete beam, 100 mm wide and 300 mm deep, is prestressed by straight
    wires carrying an initial force of 200 kN at an eccentricity of 50 mm. The modulus of
    elasticity of steel and concrete are 225 and 45 kNm-2 respectively. Estimate the percentage
    loss of stress in steel due to elastic deformation of concrete if the area of steel wires is 165
    mm2. (10 marks)

    QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS)

    a. Discuss THREE basic assumptions made before designing a prestressed element.


    (3 Marks)
    b. A concrete beam of cross-section 300mm deep and 200 mm wide is prestressed by means
    of 5 mm diameter located 6.5 cm from the bottom of the beam and 3 wires of the diameter
    of 5 mm, 2.5 mm from the top. Assuming the prestress in steel as 840 N/mm2, calculate the
    stresses at the extreme fibres of the midspan section when the beam is supporting its weight
    throughout a 10 m span. If a uniformly distributed live load is 10 kN/m is imposed,
    evaluate the maximum working stress in concrete. The density of concrete is 24 kNm-3.
    (12 Marks)

    Meru University of Science & Technology is ISO 9001:2015 Certified


    Foundation of Innovations Page 2
    QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS)

    a. A cavity wall of length 5 m supports the loads as shown in figure 4a. The inner load-
    bearing leaf is built using concrete blocks of length 440 mm, height 215 mm, thickness 100
    mm and faced with plaster, and the outer leaf from standard format clay bricks. Design the
    wall assuming the masonry units are category I and the construction control category is
    normal. The self-weight of the blocks and plaster can be taken to be 2.4 kN m-2. Calculate
    the characteristic compressive strength of the masonry wall.
    (15 Marks)

    QUESTION FIVE (15 MARKS)

    a. Highlight any three terms that building bricks are identified in the BS codes. (3marks)
    b. A 3.5 m high wall shown in the cross-section in Figure 5b is constructed from clay
    bricks having a compressive strength of 30 N mm 2 laid in a 1:1:6 mortar. Calculate
    the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the wall assuming the partial safety factor for
    materials is 3.5 and the resistance to lateral loading is (A) ‘enhanced’ and (B) ‘simple’.

    Meru University of Science & Technology is ISO 9001:2015 Certified


    Foundation of Innovations Page 3
    (12 marks)

    Meru University of Science & Technology is ISO 9001:2015 Certified


    Foundation of Innovations Page 4

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