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MODULE NAME: MODULE CODE:

MACHINE DYNAMICS FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS MDES7312

ASSESSMENT TYPE: TEST (PAPER ONLY)

TOTAL MARK ALLOCATION: 90 MARKS
TOTAL HOURS: 1.5 HOURS (+10 minutes reading time)
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Please adhere to all instructions in the assessment booklet.
2. Independent work is required.
3. Five minutes per hour of the assessment to a maximum of 15 minutes is dedicated to
reading time before the start of the assessment. You may make notes on your question
paper, but not in your answer sheet. Calculators may not be used during reading time.
4. You may not leave the assessment venue during reading time, or during the first hour or
during the last 15 minutes of the assessment.
5. Ensure that your name is on all pieces of paper or books that you will be submitting. Submit
all the pages of this assessment’s question paper as well as your answer script.
6. Answer all the questions on the answer sheets or in answer booklets provided. The phrase
‘END OF PAPER’ will appear after the final set question of this assessment.
7. Remember to work at a steady pace so that you are able to complete the assessment within
the allocated time. Use the mark allocation as a guideline as to how much time to spend on
each section.
Additional instructions:
1. This is a CLOSED BOOK assessment.
2. Calculators are allowed.
3. Answer All Questions.
4. A formulae sheet is attached to this paper.
5. Show all calculations, where applicable (marks may be awarded for this).

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Test Outcomes ____

Learning Unit/s Objectives covered in this test:LU1-3

At the end of this assessment, students should be able to:

• MO1 Understand the kinematics and efficiency of gear trains.

• MO2 Determine requirements for balancing of rotating and reciprocating machinery.
• MO3 Comprehend the working of various moving parts of an engine.

Question 1 (Marks: 30)

Consider the crankshaft of a two-cylinder inline engine, with a 0° – 270° crank spacing.

Flywheel
Reference plane for moments
Rotation
Front

The primary and secondary cranks of the engines are shown below:

Q.1.1 Determine the primary forces and state whether the primary forces are balanced. (7.5)

Q.1.2 Determine the primary moment and state whether the primary moments are (7.5)
balanced.

Q.1.3 Determine the secondary forces and state whether the secondary forces are (7.5)
balanced.

Q.1.4 Determine the secondary moment balance and state whether the secondary (7.5)
moments are balanced.

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Question 2 (Marks: 30)

The below-stated figure shows a cam with straight flanks in contact with a needle-ended follower.
Point O is the centre of the cam base circle, while point P is the centre of the nose. The
eccentricity is denoted by d. The angle α is half the contact angle. θ denotes the angle of rotation
of the cam.

At zero rotation, the cam is in contact with the follower at A. When the cam has rotated through
an angle θ, its flank is in contact with the follower at A1. B marks the end of the flank.

The cam base circle radius R is 15 mm, the nose radius r is 5 mm, and the lift l (not shown) is 10
mm. The cam rotates at 500 RPM. Calculate the displacement and velocity of the follower when it
is in contact with the cam at the end of the flank, i.e., at B

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Question 3 (Marks: 30)

Consider the figure below that shows an epicyclic gear train, consisting of an arm (denoted by L),
sun wheel (S), annulus (A) and two planet wheels (P1 and P2). Consider the case where all the
wheels rotate.

Q.3.1 Use the tabular method to determine the speeds of all the wheels in terms of the (15)
unknown coefficients 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏.

Q.3.2 Use the results obtained in the table from Question 3.1 to determine
𝑁𝑁𝐿𝐿
if 𝐴𝐴 is (5)
𝑁𝑁𝑆𝑆

static.

Q.3.2 𝑁𝑁
Use the results obtained in the table from Question 3.1 to determine 𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴 if 𝐿𝐿 is (5)
𝑆𝑆

static.

Q.3.4 𝑁𝑁
Use the results obtained in the table from Question 3.1 to determine 𝑁𝑁𝐿𝐿 if 𝑆𝑆 is (5)
𝐴𝐴

static.

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Useful Formulae:

Balancing of masses 𝐹𝐹 ∝ 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

RICE
sin 2𝜃𝜃
𝑦𝑦̇ = 𝑎𝑎Ω2 �sin 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑟𝑟 �
2
𝑎𝑎
𝜋𝜋 2
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑 = 𝐵𝐵 𝑆𝑆
4
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
Ω=
60
Gears • Velocity ratio, 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = ±
𝜔𝜔𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑 𝑁𝑁
= ± 𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = ± 𝑁𝑁 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = ± 𝜃𝜃 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝜃𝜃
𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

1 𝜔𝜔
• Torque ratio (mechanical advantage), T𝑅𝑅 = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
= ± 𝜔𝜔 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

𝑑𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑁𝑁𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
± =±
𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑑𝑑𝑔𝑔 𝑁𝑁𝑔𝑔 1
• Gear ratio, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑁𝑁 , 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = |𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉| 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = |𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉| such that 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ≥
𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝

1
• Ideal gearbox: Input power = output power, i.e., 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜔𝜔𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜔𝜔𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
or =
𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜔𝜔𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
• Efficiency, 𝜂𝜂 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
= 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
= 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

END OF PAPER

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