Ge 10

Human Population Change and The Environment
1. POPULATION ECOLOGY
- ECOLOGY is a sub-discipline of biology that studies the interactions
between organisms and their environments. A group of interbreeding
individuals (individuals of the same species) living and interacting in a given
area at a given time is defined as a POPULATION.
- The study of how individuals of a particular species interact with their

environment and change overtime.
- Within a particular habitat, a population can be characterized by its

POPULATION SIZE, defined by the total number of individuals and its
POPULATION DENSITY, the number of individuals of a particular species in a
specific area or volume.
POPULATION SIZE & DENSITY

Population size and density are the two main characteristics used to describe
a population. For example, larger populations may be more stable and able to
persist better than than smaller amount ofpopulations because of the greater
amount of genetic variability, and their potential to adapt to the environment or
to changes in the environment.
On the other hand, a member of a population with low population density

(more spread out in the habitat), mighthave more difficulty finding a mate to
reproduce compared to a population of higher density. Other characteristics of
a population include dispersion - the way individuals are spaced within the
area; age structure - number of different individuals in different age groups
and; sex ratio - proportion of males to females;
IN POPULATION ECOLOGY, THE CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE ARE

INFLUENCED BY 4 PRIMARY FACTORS:
1. BIRTH RATE - This is the number of new individuals added to a
population through reproduction.
2. DEATH RATE - This is the number of individuals that die within a
population over a given period.
3. IMMIGRATION - This refers to the arrival of new individuals into a
population from outside areas.
4. EMIGRATION - This is the movement of individuals out of a
population to other areas.
2. HUMAN POPULATION PATTERNS
- Human population patterns reflect how populations have changed and will
continue to change over time. This includes the:
- Historical Growth
The global human population has grown exponentially, particularly since the
Industrial Revolution, due to advancements in medicine, agriculture, and
technology.
- Demographic Transition
This model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth
and death rates as a country develops economically. It typically progresses
through four stages:
- Stage 1 Pre-industrial society with high birth and death rates.
- Stage 2 Decreasing death rates due to improvements in healthcare, with
high birth rates.
- Stage 3 Birth rates begin to decline, leading to slower population growth.
- Stage 4 Both birth and death rates are low, stabilizing the population.
- Stage 5 Some countries may experience a decrease in population due to
very low birth rates.
- Urbanization Increasing urbanization is a major trend, with more people

moving to cities, affecting living conditions and resource use.
3. STABILIZING WORLD POPULATION

Efforts to stabilize the world population focus on addressing factors that
influence population growth:
• Family Planning
Access to contraception and education helps individuals make informed
decisions about reproduction.
• Education
Improving education, particularly for women, correlates with lower birth rates.
• Healthcare Access
Enhancing healthcare reduces infant mortality rates and influences family
planning decisions.
• Economic Development
Economic growth often leads to lower birth rates as societies transition
through the demographic stages.
• Sustainability Practices
Encouraging sustainable practices helps manage resource use and
environmental impacts associated with population growth.
International organizations and governments are working to implement

policies and programs to manage population growth and its environmental
impacts effectively.
4. POPULATION & URBANIZATION
Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a

single area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the size of a resident
population within a given jurisdiction. It is the whole number of inhabitants
occupying an area (such as a country or the world) and continually being
modified by increases (births and immigrations) and losses (deaths and
emigrations).
Urbanization is the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher
percentages of the population come to live in the city. The Asia-Pacific region
is a great example of urbanization, as it contains over half of the word's
population of city dwellers. The term “urbanization” comes from urbs, the Latin
word for city, and means the spread of lifestyles that are common in a city.
The term “physical urbanization” is used to denote the actual growth of cities.
 CONCLUSION:
Human population change is intricately linked to environmental conditions and
sustainability. Understanding population ecology, patterns of human growth,
and the implications of urbanization helps inform strategies for stabilizing
population and mitigating environmental impacts. Addressing these
challenges requires coordinated efforts across education, policy, and
sustainable practices to ensure a balance between human needs and
environmental preservation.
GROUP MEMBERS:
CONDA, JULIUS
DALIGDIG, AINNA
DEMORIN, STEPHEN
ENOLVA, KRISTOFF JAMES
BEED 203

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Human Population Change and The Environment

- The study of how individuals of a particular species interact with their

- Within a particular habitat, a population can be characterized by its

POPULATION SIZE & DENSITY

On the other hand, a member of a population with low population density

IN POPULATION ECOLOGY, THE CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE ARE

- Urbanization Increasing urbanization is a major trend, with more people

3. STABILIZING WORLD POPULATION

International organizations and governments are working to implement

4. POPULATION & URBANIZATION

Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a

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