HCE Reviewer
HCE Reviewer
HCE Reviewer
Utilitarianism decision
- Right action is that which has greatest
utility or usefulness Virtue of Ethic’s
- no action is, in itself good or bad - judges a person by his/her character
- the only factors that make actions rather than by an action that may
good or bad are outcomes deviate from hi/her normal behavior
the greatest good for the greatest considering what virtue’s makes a
number good public relations professionals
making a decision based on what Making a decision in light of those
will benefit the majority favored virtues
harming a minority and and Misses the importance obligation to
benefitting a majority doesn’t built client and public
mutually beneficially relationships The possibility of conflict virtues.
it is not always possible to predict
the outcome of the decision Ethical Principles
- backbone in arriving with a decision
Deontology - provide the framework/ tools which
- the rightness or wrongness of an act may facilitate individuals and society to
depends upon the nature of the act, resolve conflict in a fair, just and moral
rather manner.
than it’s consequences
- people should adhere to their 1. Autonomy
obligations and duties when engaged in 2. Veracity
decision making when ethics are in play 3. Confidentiality/ privacy
- a person who adhere to deontology 4. Beneficence / nonmaleficence
theory will produce very based on the 5. Fidelity
individual’s set duties 6. Justice
the idea that people should be
do good
act in a way that benefits the
Autonomy patient
“Self determination” centerpiece of caring
Autos means self, nomos means cosely related to nonmaleficence
rule = self rule do or promote good
The right to participate in and
decide on a course of action Nonmaleficence
without undue influence. Requires no harm be caused to an
Right to self determination individual, either maintaining or
Capacity to make decisions deliberately
independently; this principle requires nurses to
+ developmental considerations protect individuals who are unable
+ health related challenge to protect themselves
Major components
Veracity Do NoT cause Harm
obligation to tell the truth and not o PREVENT harm
lie or deceive to other REMOVE harm
The duty to tell the truth More binding than beneficence
Truth telling, Honesty
Source of ethical challenge arising from Fidelity
differences Loyalty
+personal beliefs Strict observance of promises and
+unique cultural features duties
Privacy/ Confidentiality Include implicit and explicit promises
Respecting the self of other ① Implicit - promises that are
Respecting privilege knowledge implied, not verbally communicated
② Explicit - promises that are
Beneficence explicitly communicated
This principle means “doing good”
for other Justice
Nurses need to assist client in principle that deal with fairness,
meeting all their needs: Biological, equity and equality and provides
psychological, social for an individual to claim that which
Major components they are entitled.
Treat cases a like
① Comparative justice - making
decision based on criteria and outcome.
② Noncomparative justice - a
method distributing needed kidneys by Principle of Common good Subsidiarity
a lottery system. • the totality of social conditions
③ Distributive justice - refers to allowing persons to achieve their
distribution of benefits and burdens commands and individual fulfillment.
An equally distributed to • the coordination of society activities
• need in a way to support the internal life of
• effort local communities.
• social contributions
• merit Principles of stewardship
• legal entitlement • encompasses the ethical
responsibility to act on behalf of other
Other relevant Principles and to honor the responsibility of
service, rather than to pursue of self
Double Effect interest
• some actions can be morally justified
even through consequences may be a Principles of Totality
mixture of good and evil. • not limited to physical aspect
• we treat people as a total person
Principles of Integrity
• the honesty and truthfulness or
earnestly of one’s action
Principles of ordinary
Principle of Legitimate Cooperation • all treatment, management,
• cooperating with an evil act in order diagnosis and other will be provided
to prevent a greater evil for occurring. without burden to the patient.
Principles of extraordinary
• opposite to ordinary which all
treatment, management, diagnosis and
other will be provided with burden to
the patient.