Variables
Syntax : dataType variable_name; -Without
Initialisation
dataType variable_name = value; -With Initialisation
Initialisation - Giving a value to a variable at declaration.
eg : int num;
int num=45;
DataTypes in C
DataType Example Variable Value Type
int eg: int a=2; numbers
float/double eg: float pi=3.14 decimal point numbers
char eg: char b='a' single
character(text/num/symbols)
Array in C
Declaring an Array
Syntax: array_name[size];
or
Syntax: array_name[size]={x1,x2,...,xn};
eg: Size[]={500,200,100,50,20,10,5,2,1};
Basic C Input/Output Functions
#include<stdio.h> - Calls Standard Library header files
scanf(); function
scanf(); function is used to read input value to a variable from the user
Syntax: scanf("dataType",&variable_name);
eg: scanf("%d",&num);
printf(); Function
printf(); function is used to display or output value inside () from the program
Syntax: printf("info to print"); - Displays value inside ()
eg: printf("Hello world"); - Prints Hello World in terminal
int a=20;
printf("%d",a); - Prints value of a which is 20
Some Basic DataTypes used inside scanf(); and printf(); functions:
%d - Integer int
%f - Float float
%lf - Long Float double
%c - Character char
%s - String str
Basic C Program Structure
#include<stdio.h> //- Header Files
int main() or void main() //- Main Function
{
int a,i=10; //- Declaring variables
printf("Enter a number :"); //- Prints statement between " "
scanf("%d",&a); // - Reads a value for variable a of integer type, hence
"%d"
printf("%d * 10 = %d", a, a*i); // -Prints value of a and product of a*i
return 0; //- only used at end of int main()
}
for loop (Entry Controlled)
syntax: for(a=value;a<b;a++)
{
statements;
}
eg: for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("%d",i);
}
while loop (Entry Controlled)
syntax: while(condition statement)
{
statements;
}
eg: i=0;
while(i<10)
{
printf("%d",i);
i++;
}
Recursion : Calling a function within the same function itself
