Different Ways To Show Filipino Sense Of Nationalism

1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity

2. Be Productive
3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country
4. Stand proud for Every Achievement
5. Patronize and support our own products
6. Preserve the Filipino Culture
7. Respect Everyone and Value Our traditions
8. Speak Out Own Language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country
10. Love our Family, our Neighbors, and our Countrymen
Philippine Symbols That Promote A Sense Of Nationalism
1. The Philippine Flag - with red, white, and blue colors and a yellow sun representing the
provinces of the country.
2. Coat of Arms of the Philippines - also featuring the yellow sun with 8rays depicting the
original provinces in the Philippines.
3. Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land) - the Philippine National Anthem
4. Sampaguita (Jasminum Sambac)- the national flower of the Philippines; symbolizing purity
and simplicity, the flower is small, white, and pleasantly fragrant.
5. Narra (Pterocarpus) – the national tree of the Philippines; also known as rosewood, it is strong,
sturdy, and durable – a common rainforest tree.
6. Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) – the Philippines national bird. It is acknowledged to
be severely endangered. The Philippine eagle is protected by law in the country and there is
extreme punishment for any harm done to them.
7. Dr. Jose P. Rizal – the national hero of the Philippines.
8. Carinosa or Tinikling – the Philippine national dance. Gracefulness is symbolized by this
dance.
9. Carabao (Water Buffalo) - the Philippine national animal. It symbolizes industriousness and
hard work due to its use on many farms in the country.
10. Bangus (Milk Fish) – the Philippines national fish. It symbolizes versatility, because of the
many ways in which it can be cooked.
11. Mango – the national fruit. Philippine mangoes are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
12. Barong – the Philippine national costume or clothing style for men – (untucked shirt of thin
fabric displaying Chinese, indo-malayan tropical and hindu influences) for women: Baro‟t Saya
(Skirt and blouse with no collar).
13. “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” are the Philippine national songs.
14. Arnis – the Philippine national sport (stick fighting).
15. Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia) – the Philippine national plant. This plant is often used as
hat, umbrella, or fan symbolizing the Filipino’s resourcefulness.
16. Nipa Hut – the Philippine national house; typically, a small bamboo house with a thatched
roof.
Symbols, emblems, colors, and shapes play a crucial role in character formation, as they can
convey a lot about a character’s personality, background, and role in a story.
Here are some key points to consider:
Symbols and Emblems
 Symbols: These are images or signs that represent something else by association,
resemblance, or convention. For example, a lion often symbolizes courage and strength.
 Emblems: These are specific symbols that represent a particular group or idea. For
instance, a crown can be an emblem of royalty
Colors
 Red: Often associated with passion, danger, or power.
 Blue: Can symbolize calmness, wisdom, or sadness.
 Green: Typically represents nature, growth, or envy.
 Black: Often linked to mystery, elegance, or evil.
 White: Symbolizes purity, innocence, or emptiness.
Shapes
 Circles: Represent unity, wholeness, and infinity.
 Squares: Symbolize stability, order, and reliability.
 Triangles: Can indicate conflict, tension, or aspiration.
Meaning in Character Formation
 Physical Attributes: Different physical traits can symbolize various personality aspects
(Large Eyes)
 Color Associations: The colors used in a character’s design can hint at their personality or
role.

IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce
1834
 Manila was officially part of the world commerce after reviewing different economic policies
1834-1837.
 This is the period of the development of agricultural ideas.
 Various ports opened in 1855 in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and Zamboanga
 In 1860 in Cebu
 In 1873 in Tacloban.
Illustrados/ Middle Class
 Are the educated Filipinos who, by writing essays, articles, novels or publication in news
journal called
 "La Solidaridad”, campaigned for reform in the colony in a peaceful way.
 They were made up of the "Principalia" or those belonging to the Spanish or Chinese
mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper class.
Influx of Liberal Ideas
 Suez Canal's opening shortened the distance between the Philippines and Spain.
 This paved the way for liberalism to enter the nation.
 Europe brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom and brotherhood, and the
establishment of the Spanish republic; more Spaniards came to our nation and imparted
liberal thoughts to the Philippines.

Secularization Movement - The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friars
was one of the effects of Europe's spreading of liberal ideas.
There are two types of Priests:
1. Regular Priest or Friar Curates - they belong to specific religious orders like Dominicans,
Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and recollects Only Spanish priest could be regular
priest.
2. Secular Priest or Parish Priest - these priests were not religious orders and were under
the archbishop's oversight.

1565 - Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines these are the Augustinian,
Recollects, Dominican, and Franciscan.
Council of Trent
 it was stated that Secular priest should control the parishes relates to deacons and priest
who are not monastics or members of a religious institute.
 But few secular priests are accessible because some of them have been sent to America

Father Pedro Pelaez (1862) - exposed the discrimination of Filipino clergy and the racial and
national conflict with the friars.
Pedro Peláez y Sebastián (June 29, 1812 – June 3, 1863)
 A Filipino Catholic priest who favored the rights for Filipino clergy during the 19th century.
 He was diocesan administrator of the Archdiocese of Manila for a brief period of time.
 In the early 19th century, Pelaez advocated for the secularization of Filipino priests and is
considered the "Godfather of the Philippine Revolution."
 His cause towards beatification has been initiated; he is designated with the title "Servant
of God."
19th Century - majority of the Filipino priests was qualified as secular priest.
Gov. General Carios Maria dela Torre y Nava Cerrada
 He was the one who boost and inspired the secularization movement and leads a liberal
regime in Spain.
Carlos María dela Torre y Nava Cerrada
 Was a Spanish soldier and politician who served as the Governor-General of the
Philippines from 1869 to 1871.
 He is remembered as one of the most beloved Spanish governors-general in the
Philippines due to his liberal and progressive policies
Rafael Izquierdo (1870-73)
  A governor-general of the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive ruler,
 Replaced Gov. Dela Torre
 He boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand and sword in the other
 He decides to restore old order and repealed the exemption of the Filipinos from Polo y
servicio (force labor of Filipino men in 1580) and tribute (tax) that the Cavite workers had
been enjoying.

January 20, 1872

 Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who took
control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against Spaniards.
 Gov. Izquierdo sent troops forthwith to quench the rebellion.
 The ring leaders were murdered and prosecuted by La Madrid, accusing the GOMBURZA
as the rebellion's mastermind.
Francisco Zaldua - a Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA.
February 17, 1872 - the day of execution of the 3 priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan)
GOMBURZA - refers to the three martyrs:
1. Father Mariano Gomez
2. Father Jose Burgos
3. Father Jacinto Zamora

Father Mariano Gomez

 A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior position of the three as
Archbishop's Vicar in Cavite.
 Father Mariano Gómez de los Ángeles, often known as Mariano Gómez y Custodio,
was a significant figure in Philippine history. Born on August 2, 1799, in Santa Cruz, Manila.
 He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as though it were his
penance for being pro- Filipino.

Father Jose Burgos

 Was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines.
 Father José Apolonio Burgos was a significant figure in Philippine history. Born on
February 9, 1837, in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
 He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to be close to the
liberal Governor General de la Torre.
 He was 35 years old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating the
Filipinization of the clergy
 he wrote to defend the seculars and was known to weep like a child.

Father Jacinto Zamora

  was also Spanish, born in the Philippines.
 Father Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario was a Filipino Catholic priest born on August 14,
1835, in Pandacan, Manila.
 He was the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and would not
countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain.
 He once snubbed a Spanish governor who came to visit Marikina.

Issues on the three Priests

 Fr. Gomez - participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was already
more than 80 years old.
 Fr. Burgos - involved in the issue of secularization.
 Fr. Zamora - victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a
certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at that time.

GOMBURZA Execution
 The parishes were assigned to regular priests because of the death of secular priests in the
19th century.
 The Spaniards wanted the secular priests to be silenced. Thus, Father Jose Burgos,
Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora- were executed on February 17, 1872, by Garrote after
being implicated as master minds in Cavite Mutiny.
 At the death of the three priest the crowd paid respect when they removed their hats and
knelt.
 The bells rang all over the city upon the order of Archbishop Melito Martinez.

Garrotte - is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar is
used to strangle or break a convicted person's neck. It is said to be the form of execution
performed to the three priests.

The Importance of 1872, GomBurza Execution

 It is considered as the beginning of Filipino nationalism in the Philippine history because
the three priest were innocent yet accepted the brutal punishment for the nation.
Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
 Also known as Junta De Propaganda, Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La Solidaridad,
was founded in 19th century by the illustrados, to improve the lives of low Indios thru
reforms or changes implemented in the colony.
 The founder were Dr. Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciangco, a doctor of law who laid
the foundation of the movement in Madrid.

Dr. Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera Ignacio

  (February 27, 1857 – April 26, 1911) was a notable Filipino politician, poet, novelist, and
revolutionary
 He is often remembered for his controversial role in Philippine history, particularly for his
involvement in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which aimed to end the Philippine Revolution
against Spanish rule
 Was born into a wealthy and influential family in Manila. He studied in Spain, where he
earned degrees in law and theology
 His literary contributions include the first novel written by a native Filipino, Ninay (1885),
and the first Filipino collection of poems in Spanish, Sampaguitas y otras poesías
varias (1880)
 Despite his achievements, Paterno is often criticized for his political opportunism, earning
him the reputation of being a “turncoat” or “balimbing” in Philippine history.
 He served as the Prime Minister of the Philippines under Emilio Aguinaldo’s government
and played a significant role in the Malolos Congress

Gregorio Sancianco y Goson

 (March 7, 1852 – November 17, 1897) was a prominent Filipino lawyer and advocate for
economic reforms during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines.
 "First Filipino economist"
 Was born in Malabon to Chinese mestizo parents and studied law at the University of Santo
Tomas.
 He was a founding member of the reformist student organization Juventud Escolar Liberal,
alongside notable figures like Paciano Rizal and Felipe Buencamino.
 After the 1872 Cavite Mutiny, he moved to Spain, where he completed his doctorate in civil
and canonical law at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

In 1881, “El Progreso de Filipinas” (The Progress of the Philippines), a significant work that
analyzed the economic conditions of the Philippines and proposed reforms in taxation and
revenue mobilization.
This work influenced José Rizal’s essay “Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos” (On the Indolence of
the Filipinos).
Sancianco’s contributions to economic thought and his advocacy for reforms played a crucial role
in the broader Propaganda Movement, which sought political and economic changes in the
Philippines under Spanish rule.

Propaganda - refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs by means of pen and
tongue, literary means the propagation of a given opinion.
Propagandists or Reformists
 These were the Filipino reformers who fled the country to escape persecution in 1872.
 They didn't have the intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle and
revolution rather they campaign for reform or change by way of writing.

The Goals of Propaganda Movement

1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish cortes (legislative branch in Spanish, government)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly.

Major Causes for the Establishment of the Propaganda Movement

The following causes the creation of the propaganda Movement:
1. Emergence of middle class.
2. The liberal Administration of Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada.
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos

THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH CENTURY

1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

 Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific writer among the
propagandists.
 His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong Laan commonly known and acclaimed as the
“Father of Philippine Nationalism”, due to his intellectual and idealistic support for
Philippine Independence.
 For him Spanish colonial system itself should be blamed for the unfortunate state of the
Filipinos and the colony.
 Was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba Laguna.
 At the age of 3, he learned his alphabet, at the age of 8, he wrote a poem entitled" Sa
Aking Mga Kababata “ (To My Fellow children) a poem that talks about love for one's
language. At the age of 9, was sent to private tutor Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
 He wrote “Noli Me Tangere” (Touch Me Not) a novel about social reality in the Philippines
in 19th century.
 On February 1888, he was forced to leave Manila, he went to Hongkong, Japan, Macau,
US and England causing him to learn numerous languages.
In 1872- he changed his family name from Mercado to Rizal because Mercado was closely,
identified to Fr. Burgos who was executed by Spanish authorities.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 He was regarded as the greatest journalist of reform movement, born on August 30, 1850,
in San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan.
  He used his grandmother's surname based on Gov. General Narciso Claverias decree in
1849- "Filipinos should adopt a Spanish Surname”.
His other writings were:
a) Caingat Cayo - He defended here the Noli Me Tangere of Jose Rizal.
b) Dasalan at Toksohan – collection of revised catholic prayers where he exposed the true
nature of the friars.
c) He changed Ama naming to amain naming, aba ginoong maria into aba ginoong barya,
d) Sampung utos ng diyos to sampung utos ng prayle.
e) Pasiong dapat ipag-alab nang puso ng taong babasa
f) La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines.
g) La Frailocracia Filipina (the Frailocracy in the Philippines)

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

 He was born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec 18, 1856.
 His parents encouraged him to become a priest. However, Graciano wanted to become a
doctor.
 He left the seminary and enrolled in the school of Medicine in University of Sto. Tomas
but due to financial difficulties he couldn’t finish his medical degree and forced to go back in
Iloilo. The peer people of lloilo consulted him for medical problems.
 He started the campaign- for freedom in 1874 by writing "Fray Botod (La hija de fraile)
means "Big - bellied Friar. In his work he revealed the gluttony, indolence and greediness
of friars as represented by Fray Botod.

OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS

DR. PEDRO PATERNO
 A Doctor of Law who wrote the novel entitled "Ninay," the 1st Filipino Novel that shows the
Filipino's developed culture.
ANTONIO LUNA
 Some of his works are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual life in
the Philippines.
 Là Maestra de mi pueblo Describe defects of the educational system for women.
 His pen name Taga-ilog.
 Was a prominent Filipino general and pharmacist who played a significant role during the
Philippine-American War.
 He was known for his fierce leadership and military strategies.
 Was also a scientist and a writer, having studied pharmacy and chemistry in Spain, where
he earned his doctorate.
 His military career was marked by his efforts to discipline and modernize the Philippine
Revolutionary Army.
  Established the Luna Defense Line, which posed a significant challenge to American
forces. Despite his military prowess, Luna’s temper and strict discipline often led to
conflicts with other leaders, including Emilio Aguinaldo.
 Was assassinated on June 5, 1899, in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, at the age of 32. His
legacy, however, remains influential in Philippine history.

ANDRES BONIFACIO
 Known to be "Supremo of Katipunan" was one of the founders of Katipunan.
 often called “The Father of the Philippine Revolution,” was a key figure in the fight for
Philippine independence from Spanish colonial rule.
 Born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila.
 His leadership in the Katipunan was pivotal in initiating the Philippine Revolution in 1896.
 He advocated for complete independence from Spain. Despite his lack of formal education,
he was well-read and deeply influenced by nationalist ideas.
 His leadership was challenged, and he was eventually arrested and executed in 1897 by
forces loyal to Emilio Aguinaldo, who had taken over the revolutionary movement.
He wrote poem, letters, essays and dialogue while his writings are:
 Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa - wherein he discussed the importance of loving
motherland.
 Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas sa inang Espanya
 And Dapat Mabatid ng Tagalog - explained how Philippines entered an era of darkness
under the Spaniards.
 He explained in essay the meaning of word tagalog it did not only refer to a particular ethnic
group but to all inhabitants who lived near Bodies of water (taga-ilog). Everybody should be
rightfully called Tagalog.
EMILIO JACINTO
 Regarded as the "Brain of the Katipunan." or “Utak ng Katipunan”
 Born on December 15. 1875 in Tondo, Manila.
 He took up Bachelor of Arts from Collegio de San Juan De Letran.
 He took up law from University of Sto. Tomas but he was not able to finish it because of
revolution.
 He joined Katipunan in 1894 under the name of Pingkian.
 He wrote Kartilla ng Katipunan that served as moral and ethical guide for Katipuneros.
 His other works are Liwanag at Dilim and La Patria.
 He served as the secretary and advisor to Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan .
 He was highly respected and held the rank of general within the Katipunan.
 He died of malaria on April 16, 1899, at the age of 23. His legacy, however, continues to
be remembered and honored in Philippine history.

THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

 The reform movement's failure paves the way for a movement that advocates armed struggle
to achieve liberty.
  KKK (Kataas-Taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak Bayan or Katipunan).
 This was founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos on July 7, 1892, same day that news
about Rizal's exile to Dapitan.The goal of the society was to regain independence for the
country from Spain.

Deodato Arellano
 was the first President of Katipunero followed by Roman Basa then by Andres
Bonifacio.
 Arellano was born in Bulacan and studied bookkeeping at Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
 He worked as an assistant clerk for the Spanish military before becoming deeply involved in
the Propaganda Movement and Freemasonry.
 He was also a member of La Liga Filipina, an organization founded by José Rizal.
 The Katipunan was founded at Arellano’s home in Manila on July 7, 1892, following Rizal’s
arrest and deportation.
 Arellano played a crucial role in the early stages of the Katipunan, which eventually led to
the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

The KKK members were divided when it increased more than one hundred katipon, kawal,
bayani. Each category has its own password and members undergo blood compact.
 Katipuneros - refers to the sons of the people, used triangle method to recruit members,
where every member should recruit two new members who would only know each other
after passing the initiation rites.

Apolinario Mabini
 often referred to as the “Brain of the Revolution,”
 was a key figure in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish and American colonial rule
 Born on July 23, 1864, in Tanauan, Batangas, he became a revolutionary leader, educator,
lawyer, and statesman
 He served as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines and was a legal and constitutional
adviser to the Revolutionary Government. Despite being paralyzed by polio, he played a
crucial role in drafting the Malolos Constitution, which laid the foundation for the First
Philippine Republic.
 His works, such as El Verdadero Decálogo (The True Decalogue) and Programa
Constitucional de la República Filipina (The Constitutional Program of the Philippine
Republic), were instrumental in shaping the country’s fight for independence.
 Mabini’s dedication to the cause of freedom and his intellectual contributions have made
him a national hero in the Philippines.