CHAPTER III

FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter the students should be
able to;
1. Recall and appreciate the birth of Filipino
Nationalism.
2. Demonstrate ways of showing Filipino
Nationalism
3. Create a diagram showing the development
of Filipino Nationalism
 “ Nationalism is nourished by
sense of history. It is of its essence
to known profoundly the past, so
that we may be in complete
openness with the men who made
that history and in intimate
communion with their thoughts,
their deeds and their noble lives.”
 FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON
OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES
A. Pagsasarili ( self-reliance)
B. Pakikisama ( equitable sharing and partnership)
C. Pagkabayani ( patriotism)
D. Pagkakaisa ( national unity, national consensus and
discipline)
E. Pakikitungo ( consideration)
F. Pakikipagkapwa- tao ( human solidarity based first of all on
developing our nation
G. Pagkakapantay-pantay ( equality and equity)
 DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF
NATIONALISM

To show our sense of Filipino nationalism,

everyone must; WORK-ACT-PARTICIPATE-
STAND PROUD-LOVE
Let us work on our own. Act today, and
participate in the government. Respect
everyone including others. Stand proud for who
you are. Love everyone as how you expect they
would love you back.
 1. Respect the Philippine Flag
and Value Filipino Identity
Being Filipinos we should respect our
Philippine flag and its purpose. The history and
value of this flag are connected to the freedom we
have today. Encourage our fellowmen to participate
and respect our flag and its anthem and even our
different symbols. They provide us our identity as
Filipinos or citizens of the beautiful Republic of the
Philippines.
2. Be Productive
Do not rely on everything and blame our government but
instead make yourself productive and helpful to the nation.
3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country
We must be aware and updated on the significant issues
happening in the country. Extend help to the needy fellowmen,
especially the victims of disasters like typhoons, flooding and etc.
4. Stand Proud For Every Achievement
Filipinos are competitive in many ways around the world.
They are proud to be Filipinos and to be brought to the nations
awards. For their accomplishments they unite every Filipinos.
5. Patronize and Support Our Own Products
The Philippines has rich resources to create quality goods and
products. The manpower services provide are also globally competitive.
Our economy will improve more if we ourselves patronize our own
products which characterize our creativity, resourcefulness and industry.
6. Preserve the Filipino Culture
Philippines is rich in various colorful cultural elements. They are
our identity. Be proud and preserve the culture we have for they are our
treasure. We have to keep them for the future generations.
7. Respect Everyone and value our Traditions
Filipinos are very courteous and respectful. You will acknowledge a
Filipino individual everywhere you go because he or she has always been
respectful of the elders and others using the common but certainly
classic ho, oho, po and opo.
8. Speak Out our Own Language
Using our own language is manifesting and preserving
our national identity. It is our unique means of
communicating and interacting with our fellowmen. Our
language is an important tool to achieve further unity and
national development.
9. Remember and commensurate our heroes sacrifice
for our country.
There were many Filipinos who died for our
democracy, freedom, and independence. Some fought using
their pens and tongues, while some used the power of their
arms and weapons. Each had their own way of showing
their respect to our country. In todays generation, let us
value and treasured our heroes sacrifices and devotion for
10. Love Our Family, Our Neighbours, and our Countrymen
The essence of life for most Filipinos is to create their family
and nation a part of their enduring engagement. They mat even
express their dedication to unpopular choices born to the advantage
of the majority.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
Symbols are very, very important to people in quite a lot of
countries, especially if these symbols are related to a sense of
nationalism. The officially recognized national symbols of the
Philippines are;
1. THE PHILIPPINE FLAG
2. COAT OF ARMS OF THE PHILIPPINES
3. LUPANG HINIRANG 8. CARINOSA OR
TINIKLING
4. SAMPAGUITA 9.
CARABAO
5. NARRA 10.
BANGUS
6. PHILIPPINE EAGLE 11. MANGO
7. DR JOSE RIZAL 12.
BARONG
13. BAYAN KO AND PILIPINAS KONG MAHAL
14. ARNIS
15. ANAHAW
 IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND
PERSONS IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
1. THE OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES TO WORLD
COMMERCE
on 1834, Manila was officially part of the
World Commerce after reviewing different
economic policies 1834-1873. This is the period
of the development of agricultural ideas.
Various ports opened in 1855 in Sual, Pangasinan,
Iloilo and Zamboanga, in 1860 in Cebu and in 1873
In Tacloban.
2. HOW SOME FILIPINO BECOME
ILLUSTRADOS?
The middle class or the Illustrados
were the educated Filipinos who, by writing
essays, articles, novels or publication in news
journal called “ La Solidaridad” campaigned
for reform in the colony in a peaceful way. They
were mad up of the “principalia” or those
belonging to the Spanish or Chinese mestizos
indigenous to Filipino or upper class. Their families
were “ inquilinos” who leased property to the friars.
 3. INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS
Suez Canals opening shortened the
distance between the Philippines and Spain.
This paved the way foe liberalism to enter the
nation. Europe brought liberal concepts such
as equality, freedom and brotherhood and the
establishment of the Spanish Republic; more
Spaniards came to our nation and imparted
liberal thoughts to the Philippines
SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT
The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the
Spanish friars was one of the effects of Europe’s spreading
of liberal ideas.
There are Two Types of Priests;
1. Regular Priests of Friar Curates- they belong to
specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits,
Augustinians, Franciscans and Recollects. Only Spanish
priest could be regular priests.
2. Secular Priest or Parish Priests- these priests were
not religious orders and were under the archbishops
oversight
 4. 1565
Religious orders took control of
the parishes in the Philippines these
are the Augustinians, Recollects,
Dominican, and Franciscan.
 5. Council Trent
It was stated that Secular
priests should control the parishes
related to deacons and priests who
were not monastics or members of a
religious institute. But few secular
priests are accessible because some
them have been sent to America.
 6. FATHER PEDRO PELAEZ
(1862)
Exposed the discrimination of
Filipinos clergies and the racial
and national conflict with the
Friars.
 12. GOMBURZA
1. Father Mariano Gomez- a Chinese- Filipino born in Cavite who held the
most senior position of the three as Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. He was
truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as thought it
were his penance for being pro-Filipinos.
2. Father Jose Burgos- was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He
was a parish priest in Manila Cathedral and had been known to be close to
the liberal Governor General de la Torre. He was 35 years old at the time
and was active and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy.
He wrote to defend the seculars and was known to weep like child.
3. Father Jacinto Zamora- was also Spanish born in the Philippines. He was
a parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and would
not countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior from Spaniards
coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor who came to visit
Marikina.
7. 19TH Century- majority of the Filipino Priest were
qualified as Secular Priest.
8. Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava
Cerrada- he was the one who boosted and inspired the
Secularization movement and led a Liberal Regime in Spain.
9. Francisco Zaldua- a Bicolano soldier who testified
against the GOMBURZA.
10. February 17, 1872- the day of execution of the 3
priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan).
 11. Rafael De Laquierdo
A Governor- General of the
Spanish Republic who in an autocratic and
oppressive ruler; replaced Gov. Dela Torre.
He boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in
one hand and a sword in the other. He
decided to restore old order and repealed
the exemption of the Filipinos from Polo y
Servicio (force labor of Filipino men in
1580) and tribute tax that the Cavite workers
had been enjoying.
 January 20,1872/Cavite Mutiny
Two hundred Filipino troops and employees,
led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who took control
of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against
Spaniards. Gov Izquierdo sent troops forthwith to
quench the rebellion. The ring leaders were
murdered and persecuted by La Madrid, accusing
the GOMBURZA as the Rebellion’s mastermind.
 Issues On The Three Priests
1. Fr. Gomez- participated in secularization but no longer
active in 1872 and he was already more than 80 years
old.
2. Fr. Burgos- involved in the issue of secularization.
3. Fr. Zamora- victim of mistaken identity since the
warrant of arrest was addressed to a certain Jose
Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at the
time.
 GomBurZa Execution
Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora,
were executed in February 17,1872 by Garotte after being
implicated as master minds in Cavite Mutiny. At the death of
the three priests the crowd paid respect when they removed
their hats and knelt down. The bells rang all over the City
upon the order of Archbishop Melito Martinez.
Garrote- is an execution technique previously
practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar is used to
strangle or break a convicted persons neck. It is said to be
the form of execution performed to the three priests.
 The Importance of 1872,
Gomburza Execution
It is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in the
Philippine history because the three priests were innocent yet
accepted the brutal punishment for the nation.
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT OR REFORM
MOVEMENT
Also known as JUNTA DE PROPAGANDA, CUERPO DE
COMPROMISARIOS and LA SOLIDARIDAD, was founded in 19 th
century by the illustrados, to improve the lives of low indios thru
reforms or changes implemented in the colony. The founders were
Dr Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciangco, Doctors of law who laid
the foundation of the movement in Madrid.
 PROPAGANDA
Refers to the systematic efforts to spread
opinion and beliefs by means of pen and tongue; literally
means the propagation of a given opinion.

PROPAGANDISTS OR
REFORMISTS
These were the Filipino reformers who fled the
country to escape persecution in 1872. They didn’t have the
intention of achieving social changes through armed
struggle and revolution rather they campaign for reform or
change by way of writing.
 THE GOALS OF PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes ( legislative
branch in Spanish government)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to
hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly
 MAJOR CAUSES FOR THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROPAGANDA

The following causes the creation of the Propaganda

Movement:
1. Emergence of Middle Class
2. The Liberal Administrative of Gov. General Carlos Maria
de la Torre y Nava Cerrada
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS
IN 19TH CENTURY
1.DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
2.GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
3.MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
- Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific
writer among the Propagandist.
- His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong laan commonly known and
acclaimed as the “Father of Philippines Nationalism”, due to his
intellectual and idealistic support for the Philippine Independence.
- Born on June 19,1861 in Calamba Laguna, at the age of 3 he learned
his alphabet, at the age of 8, he wrote a poem entitled “ Sa Aking
mga Kababata” a poem that talks about love for ones language. At
the age of 9 he was sent to private tutor Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
In 1872, changed his family name from Mercado to Rizal because
Mercado was closely identified to Fr. Burgos who was executed by
Spanish Authorities.
- In 1877, he graduated Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo,
Municipa.
- Poem, A la Juventud Filipina, ( To the Filipino Youth)
won the first prize in literacy contest sponsored by Licero
Literario Artistico.
- Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos ( The Philippine Century
Hence) his written essay, where he showed how the
ancient civilization of Filipinos was ruined by the
Spaniards.
- Sa Mga Kababaihan ng Malolos ( The Young Women Of
Malolos) commended the 20 women of Malolos who
bravely disobeyed their parish priest by establishing a
night school where they could learn the Spanish language.
- Wrote the Noli Me Tangere ( Touch Me Not) a novel
about social reality in the Philippines in 19th century. On
July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in Tondo
Manila, to foster cooperation among Filipinos, to help
each other in times of needs, to promote education and
agriculture
- 1892 to 1896, Rizal spent his life as an exiled in Dapitan.
He became a teacher to little boys, he built artesian well
for more effective irrigation system.
- On December 30, 1896, he was executed in Bagumbayan
(Luneta).
- Mi Ultimo Adios, his last poem given to his sister,
secretly hidden inside the cocinilla de alcohol ( cooking
lamp).
 MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
- Regarded as the greatest journalist of Reform Movement.
Born on August 30, 1850 in San Nicolas, Bulacan. He used
his grandmothers surname based on Gov. General Narciso
Claverias decree in 1849- “ Filipinos should adopt a
Spanish Surname”.
- Studied Latin in Manila, and successfully obtained the
degree in Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Jose.
- Took up law at University of Sto. Tomas but unable to
finish it because he was suspended when he inquired the
increase in baptismal fee.
- Co-founder of the first bilingual newspaper in the
Philippines “ Diaryong Tagalog”where he published his
nationalistic article including the Tagalog translation of
Jose Rizal’s “ El Amor Patrio” his other writings were:
- Married his second cousin Marciana del Pilar where they
have 7 children but only 2 survived, Sofia and Anita.
- Delivered speeches in baptismal, fiestas and even in
cockpit arenas to exposed the abuses of the friars and the
injustices his family experienced form them.
- Mastered the use of the satire ( the use of humor, irony,
exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and critize peoples
stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other issues.
-His writings were:
A. Caingat Cayo- he depended here the Noli Me Tangere of Jose
Rizal
B. Dasalan at Toksohan- collection of revised Catholic Prayers
where he exposed the true nature of the friars.
C. He change Ama Namin to Amain Namin, Aba Ginoong Maria
into Aba Ginoong Barya.
D. Sampung Utos ng Diyos to Sampung Utos ng Prayle.
E. Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang Puso ng taong babasa.
F. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas ( Monastic Supremacy in the
Philippines)
G. La Frailocracia Filipina ( The Frailocracy in the Philippines)
- brother-in-law of Deodato Arellano, a propagandist and
first president of the Katipunan. He organized the 1st
political group in the Philippines known as the “ Junta de
propaganda”
- His pseudonyms are, Dolores Manapat, Piping dilat, V.
Garcia and Plaridel.

GRACIANO LOPEZ
JAENA
- Born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec 18,1856. His parents
encouraged him to become a priest, however he wanted to
become a doctor.
- Started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing “
Fray Botod” ( la hija de fraile) means “ Big- Bellied Friar”,
- Went to Negros Occidental to avoid arrest in 1880, and
then he went to Valencia Spain and continued his medical
decree but later shifted to journalism in Madrid.
- Former staff of LOS DOS MUNDO-News organ in Iloilo
and was acclaimed as the “ Prince of the Filipino Orators”
and the great orator of the Reform Movement. His pen
name was Diego Laura and he founded the La Solidaridad
(SOLIDARITY) which become the mouthpiece of the
Propaganda.
- For him and Marcelo H. Del Pilar, frailocracy or monastic
supremacy was the root cause of impoverishment
 Other Filipino Reformist
DR. PEDRO PATERNO
- A doctor of the law who wrote the novel entitled “Ninay”
the 1st Filipino Novel that showed the Filipinos developed
culture.
ANTONIO LUNA
- Some of his work are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch
that depicted the actual life in the Philippines. La Maestra
de mi pueblo that described the defects of the educational
system for women. His pen name was Taga-ilog.