READING AND GRAMMAR

Reading and Grammar Section Instructions

This section of the test focuses on your ability to use English grammar and to understand written English.
There are 50 questions in this part of the test. They are numbered 51 to 100.

You will have 65 minutes to complete the entire section. Try to answer all questions. You may answer the
questions in any order you wish.

Each question has only one correct answer. Choose the best answer to the question from the choices
printed in the test booklet, and mark your answer on side 2 of the separate answer sheet. You should
mark A, B, C, or D. Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet. If you change your mind about an
answer, erase your first mark completely. If you are not sure about an answer, you may guess.

You may begin now.

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 GRAMMAR

51. Next month, you _______ in this department. 56. It is required that students’ grades _______ in digital
A. will start working format, rather than on paper.
B. started working A. be submitted
C. have started work B. are submitting
D. had started to work C. submitting
D. submit
52. _______ chemistry that we must study today, but
also physics. 57. _______ the market analysts nor the public know if
A. Not only is stocks will recover next year.
B. Only it is A. Nor
C. It is not only B. None
D. It only is C. Neither
D. Either
53. Artists _______ will show their work at the
festival next week. 58. Lisa put _______ pressure on herself to succeed in
A. of all kinds her classes.
B. from all kinds A. tremendous amount
C. all the kinds B. tremendous amount of
D. kind of all C. a tremendous amount of
D. a tremendous amount
54. The natural history museum _______ most popular
attraction in the area. 59. As _______ in this report, our company’s future
A. it remains looks strong.
B. is remaining a A. pointed it out
C. remained in the B. pointed out
D. has remained the C. it pointed to
D. to be pointed
55. Ms. Simpson was _______ in the neighborhood
improvement project. 60. When Rebecca first moved to Atlanta, she knew
A. involved as much almost no one there _______ than Susan.
B. as much involving A. more
C. very much involved B. other
D. very much involving C. rather
D. else

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 GRAMMAR
61. To see who had finished the reading, the teacher 66. Roger said he _______ to the party at Sally’s place
asked for _______. this coming Saturday.
A. a hand to show A. has been going
B. a show of hands B. goes
C. their hands showed C. was going
D. showing their hands D. had gone

62. There is an entire engineering field dedicated to 67. The other day, I heard an interesting _______
workplace _______. on the radio.
A. efficient A. piece of news
B. efficiently B. piece of new
C. efficiency C. news
D. efficacious D. new

63. Jeff couldn’t decide whether _______ to go out 68. Help yourself _______ of the soup in the kitchen.
with friends. A. from a little
A. to stay home or B. for a bit
B. to stay home either C. out much
C. staying home unless D. to some
D. staying home and

69. Generally speaking, the more funding a university

64. _______ for a scholarship this year? receives _______ its facilities will be.
A. She does apply A. best
B. She applies herself B. better
C. Is she applying C. the better
D. Is she applying herself D. the best

65. My brother _______ extra income from his new 70. _______ raining, we would have visited the zoo.
part-time job. A. It had not been
A. brings on B. It has not been
B. brings into C. Having not been
C. is bringing in D. Had it not been
D. is bringing by

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 READING

This passage is about a new type of health care service. 71. Why does the passage begin with a question?
A. to show how little is known about telemedicine
What if the next time you need to visit the doctor, you
B. to suggest the possibility of telemedicine
could just turn on your computer instead of driving to the
C. to question the effectiveness of telemedicine
doctor’s office for your appointment? Right before your
D. to criticize the current research on telemedicine
appointment, you go online to complete a questionnaire
about your medical needs, and then, when you are ready,
you speak to a medical professional by phone or video 72. According to the passage, why could pharmacy
chat. The doctor writes up a plan for your treatment and delivery service be important?
sends it to you by email. A prescription for medication, if A. It lets people stay at home when sick.
needed, goes directly to the pharmacy of your choice. If B. It is helpful for people who are very ill.
your pharmacy provides a home delivery service, you may C. Pharmacy employees can check on patients.
never need to leave your own home during your illness. D. Patients can get their medications faster.
This idea of telemedicine has been gaining popularity
in the United States over the last several years as it offers 73. In the third sentence of paragraph 2, which word is
benefits to both consumers and health care providers. closest in meaning to ready?
For people who live in isolated, rural areas, a trip to the
A. completed
nearest doctor may take hours, so telemedicine is not only
B. quick
convenient, but perhaps the only reasonably available
C. willing
medical care in their community. Even for those who
have ready access to medical services, the availability of D. prepared
online consultations may lead patients to seek medical
help earlier and more frequently, instead of waiting and 74. What claim does the author make to support the
eventually needing emergency care, which is much more belief that telemedicine can reduce costs?
expensive to both patients and insurance companies. A. Doctors do not need to pay for office space.
Of course, there are limits to virtual medicine. Many B. Fewer lab tests will be conducted.
diagnoses require lab tests or X-rays that cannot be done C. Patients will need less emergency care.
remotely. More than that, many doctors feel that face- D. There are no transportation expenses.
to-face communication with their patients is essential.
During online consultations, doctors might easily miss
75. In the third sentence of paragraph 3, what does the
subtle signals that would help them better understand their
word that refer to?
patients’ problems. Even so, virtual medicine is likely to
become more prevalent in the medical care of tomorrow, as A. the importance of face-to-face communication
with patients
patients continue to look for easy access and convenience,
B. the inability to perform certain tests remotely
and insurers identify ways to reduce their expenses.
C. the limits of virtual medicine
D. the fact that some doctors dislike telemedicine

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 READING

This passage is about changes in language. 76. According to the passage, why was Darwin’s theory
of linguistic evolution unproven?
It is commonly accepted that languages change over
A. He did not consider Indo-European languages.
time, with new words added and older terms dropped from
B. He never published his finding.
common use. Charles Darwin, more famously associated
C. His theory did not account for how
with biological evolution, claimed that languages were also
verbs evolved.
evolving over time, but this was only a speculative account
D. His theory was not based on
of linguistic evolution. Modern research now suggests that experimental evidence.
Darwin’s assertion was right and that words used most
commonly in everyday language evolve at the slowest rate,
while rarer words are more likely to change. 77. How did researchers in the United Kingdom study
linguistic evolution?
Researchers in the United Kingdom investigated the
evolution of language by studying cognates, words that A. by identifying the most important words in Indo-
European languages
sound similar in different languages and express the same
B. by determining how long it has taken Indo-
meaning, to identify how much variation now exists in
European languages to evolve
Indo-European languages after 6,000 to 10,000 years of
C. by comparing cognates found in Indo-
evolution. They discovered that frequently used words are
European languages
more likely to have cognates, while less common words
D. by examining how different European languages
are more likely to be unrelated in different languages. The
define cognates
findings allowed a “mutation rate” to be calculated, based
on frequency of use, which showed that the most common
vocabulary exhibited almost no variation in 10,000 years. 78. What did the “mutation rate” allow researchers
Vocabulary used less often was replaced in as few to understand?
as 750 years. A. that rarely used words took 10,000
years to change
A second study, in the United States, examined the
roots of English from over 1,200 years ago to compile a list B. whether or not a word was related to other words
of 177 irregular old English verbs. Researchers discovered C. how much variation occurred in words of
certain frequencies
that of the original irregular verbs only 98 remain irregular
today, suggesting that verbs tend to become “regularized” D. if a word was evolving quickly enough
over time. The rarest verbs in the list were the most likely to
have been regularized. A statistical analysis of these verbs 79. Which irregular verbs are most likely to become
indicated that if one was used 100 times less frequently regularized?
than another, it would evolve 10 times faster than the more A. those that are the least irregular
commonly used verb. Both studies support the notion that B. those that are most commonly used
languages evolve much like natural species do. C. those that have cognates in other languages
D. those that are used infrequently

80. What do the two studies reported in the passage

have in common?
A. Both investigate the relationship between word
frequency and rate of change.
B. Both identify the most commonly used words in a
variety of European languages.
C. Both challenge Charles Darwin’s theory that
languages will evolve over time.
D. Both analyze languages to determine the reasons
for important words being replaced.

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 READING

A C Value of Using Movies

Midvillage’s Fifth Annual
International Film Festival as a Teaching Tool
April 1–8 by Dr. Hannah Peters

Come check out our film festival. It’s bigger

and better than ever!
• Over 50 films representing 25 countries
• A wide selection of award-winning entries—
dramas, comedies, documentaries, and
animation
• Screenings featuring introductions and panel
discussions with the films’ stars
• Post-festival events including workshops with
leading producers, directors, screenwriters, and
actors
Using film in the classroom has a positive effect on both
Reserve your tickets early at midvillagefilmfest.com
young children and adolescent learners.
or by calling 1-800-555-0000. Films will be shown at
10 different theaters around Midvillage at conveniently Movies, when used appropriately, can be an effective
scheduled afternoon and evening times. teaching tool for children. This is because, in addition
to being attention-grabbing, they have the potential to
teach life skills and promote values needed in today’s
world. The vivid images evoked by film bring about
strong emotions and can spark a child’s interest and
B Midvillage’s Daily News staff reporter Gary imagination. By providing a picture of people, places,
Davis interviews film critic Sophie Allen. and moral dilemmas, many of which may be new to
Q: In your opinion, who was the most influential film children, films raise awareness of social issues and
director of the 20th century? promote social responsibility. In turn, children become
introspective and reflect on their own lives, seeing them
A: Oh, without a doubt, Federico Fellini! He was an more clearly and, perhaps, differently. They learn to think
award-winning, highly respected Italian filmmaker more deeply and critically about the world, and develop
who lived from 1920–1993. feelings of compassion for others. Thus, their lives are
Q: Tell us about his early life. enriched.
A: Fellini was born in the small town of Rimini, Italy. In Movies are very much a part of today’s world, and older
1926, he saw his first film. It had a strong effect on students have become quite used to this fact. When
him and sparked his lifelong love of cinema. film is brought into the classroom, these students can
Q: How did he start his career in the film business? connect with concepts in ways that are comfortable and
familiar to them. Movie topics are generally current and
A: He went to Rome in 1939 and began writing
relevant, and therefore more likely to generate interest
newspaper and magazine articles. This put him in
and hold students’ attention. By engaging with the
contact with screenwriters and he soon received
visuals, students can learn and retain more.
his first screenwriting credit. In 1942, Fellini went to
Africa, where he transitioned from writing to being As an added bonus to teachers, those who use film in
a filmmaker. class are generally seen as friendlier and more human,
Q: What was his most significant contribution to the generating a stronger teacher-student relationship. As
world of cinema? students feel more comfortable with the media and the
instructor, they learn and remember more.
A: I would say that it was his unique, very personal
style, which combined memory, dreams, and
fantasy. Fellini’s approach can be seen in many of Dr. Hannah Peters is a movie producer and a professor
today’s most renowned films. of film studies at Midvillage College.

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 READING
Refer to page 20 when answering the questions below.

The following questions refer to section A. The following questions refer to section C.
81. What can participants do after the festival? 87. In the second paragraph, why does the author
A. watch a special screening of foreign films mention imagination?
B. attend sessions with professionals in the field A. to state something that can be positively affected
C. lead a panel discussion by films
D. try out for a part in a movie B. to describe something that parents try to
encourage
C. to refer to something that is harmed by watching
82. In the first sentence of the final paragraph, what does movies
Reserve mean? D. to illustrate how teachers must plan lessons
A. remember using films
B. sell
C. trade
88. According to the author, what is one reason older
D. secure children can connect to film?
A. They are used to its presence in their lives.
The following questions refer to section B. B. They spend a lot of time playing video games.
83. What is the main purpose of section B? C. They often need to watch movies for homework.
A. to explain the work of a film critic D. They prefer movies to books.
B. to describe life in Italy
C. to tell about a movie director 89. In the second sentence of paragraph 4, what does
D. to promote Italian movies they refer to?
A. teachers
84. In the first question, what does influential mean? B. media
A. being popular around the world C. students
B. having the power to cause change D. films
C. creating the most movies
D. being the best writer The following question refers to two or more sections.
90. Who is most likely to lead a workshop after the
85. How did Fellini begin his career? Midvillage Film Festival?
A. as a movie script writer A. Hannah Peters
B. as a travel writer in Africa B. Gary Davis
C. as a film critic C. Sophie Allen
D. as a journalist D. Federico Fellini

86. In the last answer, why does Sophie Allen mention

dreams?
A. to talk about a popular movie topic
B. to tell about her hopes for the future
C. to describe a method of an important director
D. to promote a current film

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 READING

A Mayday Inn: C Charles Dickens: His Life and Work

Come to beautiful Victorian Cape May! by Donald Wilson
Charles Dickens (1812–
Founded in 1857, Cape May is one of the oldest ocean 1870) was a renowned
resorts in the United States. Our graceful hotel has British writer whose
spacious rooms with old-world charm and modern many Victorian era
conveniences, like antique furniture and Internet access. works are considered
Situated on a tree-lined street in the historic district, literary classics.
we are surrounded by fine examples of Victorian
architecture. The second of eight
children, Dickens was
Our friendly staff will happily help you: born into poverty.
• book a ride in a horse-drawn carriage Due to unfortunate
circumstances, he spent
• take a city tour
a good portion of his
• visit the lighthouse youth working to help support his family. His loneliness
• arrange visits to antique stores and feelings of abandonment and betrayal by the
adults who were supposed to take care of him became
Visit us online at www.maydayinn.com.
common themes in his work.

At age 15, for the second time in his childhood, he was

B History 287/English Literature 242 forced to leave school and contribute to his family’s
income. He began an office job that became the starting
The Victorian Era: An Overview point of his career as an author. Dickens was later
Professor Donald Wilson employed as a reporter, then a magazine publisher.

The United Kingdom’s Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 One of his early novels, Oliver Twist, was based on his
until 1901. Characterized by a rapidly growing middle experiences as a child, supporting himself and figuring
class, this crucial period saw dramatic changes to out life on his own. The book was published chapter
British society. by chapter, and readers eagerly looked forward to the
next monthly installment. Dickens’s success continued
Through lectures, discussions, and readings, learn about with David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great
the Victorian era by exploring three time periods: Expectations.

Early (1830–1848) Charles Dickens’s large body of work went beyond the
Britain’s first railroad opened, allowing the middle novel to include autobiography, travel books, and plays.
class to travel, resulting in the development of a tourist In 1851, he even took part in a theater production that
infrastructure. was performed before Queen Victoria.

Middle (1848–1870) Sadly, he was involved in a railroad accident in 1865 and

The Great Exhibition of 1851, the first world’s fair, suffered injuries from which he never fully recovered.
presented views of modern architecture. Private homes Fortunately, Dickens’s lengthy stories, with their
went from being part of the workplace to separate, self- unforgettable characters, live on.
contained structures.

Late (1870–1901) Donald Wilson is a biographer of Charles Dickens and an

This period saw the beginning of the decline of Britain as expert on Victorian life and literature.
a world power.

The second half of the course will focus on the

publishing industry of the Victorian era. With the increase
in literacy, the public’s appetite for books and magazines
grew. Novels and works of nonfiction were presented
to the public as a series, in monthly parts over a period
of time. Several such selections will be included on the
course reading list.

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 READING
Refer to page 22 when answering the questions below.

The following question refers to section A. The following questions refer to section C.
91. In the third sentence of the paragraph, what does 96. According to the passage, what did Dickens do for
architecture mean? much of his youth?
A. building design A. He studied at school.
B. garden layout B. He worked to earn money.
C. traditional homes C. He wrote novels and plays.
D. old-fashioned hotels D. He traveled across Great Britain.

The following questions refer to section B. 97. How did the young Dickens feel about the adults
92. What is the main purpose of section B? in his life?

A. to tell about the life of Queen Victoria A. They frightened him.

B. to describe a university class B. They took good care of him.
C. to give details about British society C. They disappointed him.
D. to encourage reading about history D. They appreciated his hard work.

93. According to the passage, what important event took 98. In the last sentence of paragraph 4, why does the
place during the early Victorian era? author mention David Copperfield?

A. An international convention was held. A. to describe Dickens’s most famous novel

B. A new form of transportation was developed. B. to give an example of another Dickens novel
C. More workplaces were built. C. to name a magazine that Dickens published
D. Britain started to become less important. D. to tell about an unsuccessful Dickens work

94. Why does the author mention private homes in the 99. What was Dickens’s relationship to Queen Victoria?
middle Victorian period? A. He wrote a book for her.
A. to describe housing prices of the Victorian era B. He worked for her.
B. to tell about a new British industry C. He never met her.
C. to report on changes in family structure D. He acted in a play for her.
D. to give an example of how British society
changed The following question refers to two or more sections.
100. How are Dickens’s novels typical of
95. In the second sentence of the last paragraph, what Victorian literature?
does literacy mean? A. They have children as the main characters.
A. reading ability B. They often used architecture for their
B. publications subject matter.
C. education C. They were published in sections over time.
D. culture D. They tried to help those who lived in poverty.

End of the test.

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