Omicron 1

Omicron: What are Scientists and the
Latest Studies Saying about It?
Omicron Covid-19 variant

The Omicron variant of the virus was officially reported to the WHO on November 24, 2021, with the
first Omicron infection documented in South Africa on November 11, 2021.
Compared to previous variants, this new variant exhibits numerous mutations, which may potentially
make it more robust and reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines.
Although the full extent of the variant's characteristics is yet to be fully understood, the WHO has issued
a warning to the global community about the possibility of high transmission and has classified it as a
"variant of concern.”
Why are scientists worried about this variant?

When Covid-19 replicates inside the human body, it undergoes changes to its genetic material (RNA),
known as mutations. A mutated variant generally behaves differently compared to its original form.
While most mutations do not offer any advantage to the virus, some can make it stronger and spread
faster in the human population.
Researchers from South Africa have reported approximately 50 mutations in the Omicron variant that
were not previously identified in any other Covid-19 variant.
Among these mutations, approximately 30 are found in the spike protein, which plays a crucial role in
enabling the virus to enter human cells. Notably, the spike protein is also the target of antibodies
produced by our immune system to combat and neutralize the virus.
The abundance of mutations in the spike protein has raised concerns among researchers, as they fear
that the virus might develop the ability to evade antibodies present in vaccinated individuals or those
previously infected. Additionally, there are concerns that these mutations may reduce the effectiveness
of monoclonal antibody treatments.
However, it is important to note that further research is required to fully comprehend the behavior of
the Omicron variant. Previous variants, such as beta and mu, also had mutations that allowed them to
evade the immune system. Despite this, they did not pose a significant threat due to their limited ability
to transmit rapidly.
Is vaccine still effective?

Researchers are actively investigating the impact of these new mutations on the efficacy of vaccines.
However, there is an optimistic outlook that the current vaccines will remain effective against the
Omicron variant. This confidence stems from the fact that vaccines stimulate the production of not only
antibodies but also immune cells that play diverse roles in neutralizing the virus.
Several health experts worldwide suggest that booster shots can further strengthen the immune system
and elevate antibody levels in the bloodstream, providing an additional layer of protection. As a result,
they recommend people consider receiving booster doses for added security.
It is essential to acknowledge that health officials have not yet issued a final verdict on the vaccines'
effectiveness against Omicron. We must patiently await the results of ongoing research, which may take
a few more days or possibly weeks to conclude.
What about the tests and infection severity?

The PCR test has proven to be effective in detecting the Omicron variant. However, researchers are still
investigating whether other tests, such as rapid antigen detection tests, are equally effective in
identifying the variant.
The available data indicates a rising number of Omicron-infected patients in South Africa. The reason for
this surge is suspected to be the virus spreading through conventional means of transmission.
As for the symptoms of Omicron infection, they have not been extensively studied, making it challenging
to determine its severity at this point. Some experts think that the variant may cause mild symptoms in
young individuals, similar to previous variants.
Which countries have reported cases of the Omicron Covid-19 variant?

Countries worldwide are putting forth their best efforts to prevent the spread of this new variant.
However, despite their diligent work, the virus has swiftly made its way to more than 20 countries within
a short span.
As of December 1st, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that omicron cases have been
reported in 23 countries across the globe.
 Austria
 Australia
 Brazil
 Belgium
 Botswana
 Czech Republic
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Hong Kong
 Italy
 Israel
 Japan
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Nigeria
 Portugal
 South Korea
 Saudi Arabia
 Sweden
 Spain
 United Kingdom
After South Africa, the country that has the most reported cases is the United Kingdom.
What action should the governments take?

Countries worldwide are adopting various preventive measures to control the spread of the virus and
gain a deeper understanding of the new variant. Here are some essential actions that countries should
take to reduce infection spread:
 Should continue using the science-based approach of implementing preventative measures

across the country.
 Should try to increase the medical capacities to make sure they can manage the infected people
in case the infection spreads fast.
 Should ask their researchers to implement the best scientific means to better understand the
new variant's behaviour.
What action should the people take?
People should continue taking the following actions to protect themselves and their loved ones from the
infection.
 Wear a face mask when in public.

 Avoid going to crowded places.
 Maintain social distancing.
 Keep windows open (if possible) to allow air circulation.
 Wash hands.
 Use tissue paper when you sneeze or cough.
 Get your vaccination dose on time or get boosters.
Is there any treatment effective against Omicron?

Research indicates that Paxlovid and several other therapeutic antivirals are effective against Covid-19
variants.
Researchers believe that it is mainly because antivirals work in a different way compared to vaccines.
Unlike vaccines, which primarily target the spike protein to elicit an immune response, antivirals interact
with the virus through different mechanisms. As a result, antivirals can maintain their effectiveness even
when the spike protein undergoes mutations.
Summary
Omicron poses a new global threat and has become a significant concern for scientists. The high number
of mutations in its spike protein is particularly worrisome.
However, as of now, there is insufficient data to determine the transmissibility, infection severity, and
vaccine efficacy against Omicron, making it challenging for scientists to make claims.
As for protection, people should continue adhering to basic preventive measures. If you haven't already,
getting vaccinated is strongly recommended. For those who have already received their initial doses,
adding an extra layer of protection with booster shots can provide added immunity.

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Omicron: What are Scientists and the

Latest Studies Saying about It?

Omicron Covid-19 variant

Why are scientists worried about this variant?

Is vaccine still effective?

What about the tests and infection severity?

Which countries have reported cases of the Omicron Covid-19 variant?

What action should the governments take?

 Should continue using the science-based approach of implementing preventative measures

 Wear a face mask when in public.

Is there any treatment effective against Omicron?

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