August 4, 2024 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
From 29 July 2024 to 03 Aug 2024

For all competitive Exams

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Table of Contents
Part - A
The Hindu Editorial: Special relationship (29/07/2024) ............................................................................... 4
The Hindu Editorial: Planning better (30/07/2024) ...................................................................................... 6
The Hindu Editorial: Human failure (31/07/2024) ........................................................................................ 8
The Hindu Editorial: Impatience with jobs (01/08/2024) ........................................................................... 10
The Hindu Editorial: Unnatural disaster (02/08/2024) ............................................................................... 13
The Hindu Editorial: Private consultation (03/08/2024) ............................................................................ 16

Part - B
The Hindu editorial: Fiscal federalism (29/07/2024) .................................................................................. 19
The Hindu editorial: Plastic mess (30/07/2024) ......................................................................................... 22
The Hindu editorial: Widening conflict (31/07/2024) ................................................................................ 24
The Indian Express editorial: Manu Bhaker’s winning shot (01/08/2024) ................................................. 26
The Hindu editorial: Problem power (02/08/2024) .................................................................................... 28
The Hindu editorial: Contested harvest (03/08/2024) ............................................................................... 30
Part - C
The Economics times Editorial: Project Cheetah (29/07/2024) ................................................................. 33
The Economics times Editorial: Caring on a need to let go basis (30/07/2024) ......................................... 34
Financial planning comes of age in India (31/07/2024).............................................................................. 36
The Pioneer Editorial: Kolkata's healthcare (01/08/2024) ......................................................................... 39
The Pioneer: Microcredit courses revolutionise learning (03/08/2024) .................................................... 42

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The Hindu Editorial: Special relationship (29/07/2024)

1. Consensus (noun) – Agreement, 12. Displace (verb) – Relocate, uproot,
harmony, concurrence, unanimity, move, shift, expel ववस्थावऩत कयना
accord सहभतत
13. Bomb (verb) – Attack, strike, shell, hit,
2. Break up (phrasal verb) – Disintegrate, blast फभ धियाना
dissolve, split, separate, fracture टूटना
14. Besiege (verb) – Surround, encircle,
3. On the eve of (phrase) – Just before, blockade, confine, trap घेयना
prior to, in anticipation of, on the brink
of, in preparation for से ऩहरे 15. Draw attention to (phrase) – Highlight,
emphasize, point out, bring to notice,
4. Evacuation (noun) – Removal, underscore ध्मान आकवषित कयना
withdrawal, exodus, departure,
clearance तनकासी 16. Suffering (noun) – Pain, distress,
anguish, hardship, misery ऩीडा
5. Neighbourhood (noun) – A
surrounding or nearby region ऩड़ोसस 17. Epidemic (noun) – Outbreak, plague,
pandemic, widespread disease,
6. Designated (adjective) – Appointed, contagion भहाभायी
assigned, specified, named, nominated
नासभत 18. Call for (phrasal verb) – Demand,
require, request, ask for, appeal for
7. Humanitarian (adjective) – भांि कयना
Compassionate, charitable, benevolent,
philanthropic, humane भानवतावादी 19. Ceasefire (noun) – Truce, armistice,
peace, suspension of hostilities, halt in
8. Address (verb) – Speak to, talk to, fighting मद्ध
ु ववयाभ
deliver a speech to, give an address to,
communicate to संफ़ोधधत कयना 20. Ruling (noun) – Decision, judgment,
verdict, decree, pronouncement तनणिम
9. Vast (adjective) – Huge, immense,
extensive, expansive, enormous ववशार 21. Hearing (noun) – Trial, session,
proceeding, examination, inquiry
10. Wound (verb) – Injure, hurt, damage, सन
ु वाई
harm, maim घामर कयना
22. Genocide (noun) – Mass murder,
11. Enclave (noun) – Territory, region, extermination, ethnic cleansing,
area, zone, district ऺेत्र massacre, holocaust जनसंहाय

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23. Bother (verb) – Disturb, trouble, annoy, 33. Casualty (noun) – Injury, fatality,
worry, concern ऩये शान कयना victim, wounded, dead घामर व्मक्क्त

24. Lawmaker (noun) – Legislator, 34. Verbal (adjective) – Spoken, oral,

politician, representative, expressed, articulated, vocal भौखिक
congressman, parliamentarian ववधामक
35. Protestation (noun) – Declaration,
25. Applaud (verb) – Praise, commend, assertion, claim, statement, avowal
cheer, acclaim, clap प्रशंसा कयना ववय़ोध

26. Throughout (adverb) – During, all 36. Assistance (noun) – Help, support, aid,
through, across, the entire time, in backing, cooperation सहामता
every part के दौयान
37. Underlying (adjective) – Fundamental,
27. Disastrous (adjective) – Catastrophic, basic, primary, essential, root आधायबत
ू
devastating, ruinous, calamitous, tragic
ववनाशकायी 38. Point to (phrasal verb) – Indicate,
signify, suggest, show, denote संकेत
28. Trigger (verb) – Cause, provoke,
कयना
initiate, start, spark शुरू कयना
39. Criticism (noun) – Disapproval,
29. Take hostage (phrase) – Kidnap, censure, critique, condemnation,
abduct, seize, capture, hold prisoner
rebuke आऱोचना
फंधक फनाना
40. The Elite (noun) – The privileged, the
30. Captivity (noun) – Imprisonment, upper class, the high-ranking, the
confinement, detention, incarceration,
influential, the powerful असबजात विि
bondage ़़ैद
41. Dissenting (adjective) – Disagreeing,
31. Continuation (noun) – Prolongation, opposing, conflicting, differing,
persistence, perpetuation, extension,
nonconforming असहभत
carrying on तनयं तयता
42. Erode (verb) – Undermine, weaken,
32. Voice (verb) – Express, articulate,
deteriorate, diminish, corrode कभ
convey, state, declare व्मक्त कयना
कयना

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The Hindu Editorial: Planning better (30/07/2024)

1. Chair (verb) – Preside over, lead, head, 13. Do away with (phrasal verb) – Abolish,
oversee, conduct अध्मऺता कयना eliminate, remove, discard, get rid of सभाप्त
कयना
2. Boycott (verb) – Shun, avoid, reject, abstain
from, spurn फहहष्काय कयना 14. Top-down approach (noun) – a strategy in
which the decision-making process occurs at
3. Think tank (noun) – a group of experts the highest level and is then communicated to
brought together to provide advice, the rest of the team.
suggestions and ideas on specific social,
political and economic problems or issues 15. Cooperative federalism (noun) – a
सराह दे नेवारा ववशेषऻ सभूह combination of cooperation and
interdependence between the Centre and the
4. Call into question (phrase) – Challenge, doubt, States to ensure smooth governance of the
dispute, criticize, cast doubt on सवार उठाना country.

16. Indices (noun) – Indicators, measures,

5. Perceived (adjective) – Apparent, seeming,
benchmarks, signs, metrics सूचकांक
supposed, believed, recognized भाना जाता
17. Evaluate (verb) – Assess, appraise, judge,
6. Allocation (noun) – Distribution, allotment,
examine, rate भूलमांकन कयना
assignment, apportionment, share आवंटन
18. Unintended (adjective) – Unplanned,
7. Boycott (noun) – Protest, shunning, rejection,
accidental, inadvertent, unforeseen,
abstention, embargo फहहष्काय
unintentional अनचाहा
8. Walkout (noun) – Strike, protest,
19. Competitive federalism (noun) – a system in
demonstration, boycott, withdrawal ववय़ोध भें
which the relationship between the state
चरे जाना governments is horizontal and between center
and state governments is vertical. States need
9. Limit (verb) – Restrict, confine, constrain, curb, to compete among themselves and also with
cap सीसभत कयना the Centre for benefits.

10. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring about, 20. Unfettered (adjective) – Unrestricted,
produce, trigger वजह फनना unrestrained, free, unbound, unlimited तनयं कुश

11. Disenchantment (noun) – Disillusionment, 21. Grant (noun) – money that is given by the
disappointment, dissatisfaction, discontent, government, etc. for a particular purpose
disenchantment असंत़ोष/ तनयाशा अनुदान

12. Constitute (verb) – Form, establish, create, set

up, organize िहठत कयना

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22. In contrast (noun) – Conversely, on the other 33. Merit (noun) – Value, worth, advantage,
hand, however, alternatively, whereas इसके quality, benefit म़ोग्मता
ववऩयीत
34. Contention (noun) – Argument, dispute,
23. Detractor (noun) – Critic, opponent, naysayer, assertion, claim, debate वववाद
faultfinder, adversary आऱोचक
35. Task (with) (verb) – Assign, charge, entrust,
24. Sought (verb) – try, attempt, endeavour, strive delegate, designate कामि सौंऩना
प्रमास कयना
36. Horizontal imbalance (noun) – It occurs when
25. Seek (verb) – to search for or try to obtain sub-national governments do not have the
same capabilities in terms of raising funds
something. भांिना
from their tax bases to provide public services.
This type of fiscal imbalance creates
26. Double engine governments (noun) – When
differences in net fiscal benefits, which are a
the same party rules at the Centre and in a
combination of levels of taxation and public
state
services.
27. Favour (verb) – Prefer, support, endorse, back,
37. Macro-economic stability (noun) – An
promote ऩऺ रेना
economy with fairly constant output growth
and low and stable inflation would be
28. Crucially (adverb) – Essentially, importantly,
considered economically stable.
vitally, significantly, critically भहत्वऩण
ू ि रूऩ से
38. Infrastructure (noun) – Framework,
29. Varying (adjective) – Different, diverse, foundation, system, base, groundwork
changing, fluctuating, inconsistent ववववध फुतनमादी ढांचा

30. Deficit (noun) – Shortfall, shortage, 39. Capital investment (noun) – the acquisition of
insufficiency, lack, gap घाटा physical assets by a company for use in
furthering its long-term business goals and
31. Address (verb) – Tackle, deal with, handle, objectives.
manage, resolve सभाधान कयना
40. Backing (noun) – Support, endorsement,
32. Irrespective of (phrase) – Regardless of, assistance, sponsorship, aid सभथिन
despite, notwithstanding, no matter, without
considering बफना ध्मान हदए 41. Re-envision (verb) – Redesign, reimagine,
rethink, replan, reinvent ऩुनः ऩरयकलऩना कयना

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The Hindu Editorial: Human failure (31/07/2024)

1. Preventable (adjective) – Avoidable, 13. Byelaw (noun) – Regulation, rule,
stoppable, avertable, escapable, corrigible ordinance, statute, guideline उऩतनमभ
य़ोके जा सकने म़ोग्म
14. Recognise (verb) – Acknowledge, identify,
2. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring appreciate, realize, discern ऩहचानना
about, produce, contribute to कायण फनना
15. Urbanise (verb) – Develop, modernize,
3. Feature (noun) – Aspect, characteristic, expand, civilize, build up शहयीकयण कयना
attribute, component, element ववशेषता
16. Inevitable (adjective) – Unavoidable,
4. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly, certain, inescapable, destined, inexorable
commonly, repeatedly, usually अक्सय अऩरयहामि

5. Ventilation (noun) – Airflow, aeration, 17. Mandated (adjective) – Instructed,

freshening, airing, circulation वामु-संचाय delegated, assigned, required,
commanded, directed, authorized आदे सशत
6. Trap (verb) – Confine, capture, ensnare,
entrap, imprison पंसाना 18. Explicitly (adverb) – Clearly, plainly,
specifically, unequivocally, distinctly स्ऩष्ट
7. Mitigate (verb) – Alleviate, reduce, lessen,
रूऩ से
diminish, ease कभ कयना
19. Statutory (adjective) – Legal, regulatory,
8. In general (phrase) – Generally, usually,
mandated, lawful, prescribed व़ैधातनक
typically, mostly, on the whole साभान्म रूऩ
से 20. Renewal (noun) – Extension, continuation,
reissue, resumption, reinstatement
9. Permit (verb) – Allow, authorize, enable, नवीकयण
sanction, grant अनुभतत दे ना
21. Bribe (noun) – Corruption, payoff,
10. Habitation (noun) – Dwelling, residence, kickback, graft, inducement रयश्वत
occupancy, lodging, accommodation
तनवास 22. Infrastructure (noun) – Framework,
foundation, facilities, system, base
11. Sanction (verb) – Approve, authorize, फुतनमादी ढांचा
permit, endorse, validate भंजूयी दे ना
23. Burst (with) (verb) – Overflow, explode,
12. Interpretation (noun) – Explanation, rupture, break, erupt पट ऩडना
understanding, analysis, clarification,
perception व्माख्मा

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24. Topography (noun) – Landscape, terrain, 29. Non-porous (adjective) – Impermeable,

geography, contour, landform स्थराकृतत waterproof, watertight, non-absorbent,
sealed अऩायिम्म
25. Haphazard (adjective) – Random,
disorganized, chaotic, aimless, unplanned 30. Compound (noun) – Enclosure, area,
अव्मवक्स्थत complex, premises, yard ऩरयसय

26. For instance (phrase) – For example, such 31. Valve (noun) – a device in a pipe or tube
as, like, to illustrate, as an example which controls the flow of air, liquid or gas,
उदाहयण के सरए letting it move in one direction only नर मा
नरी का वॉर ्व
27. Disrupt (verb) – Disturb, interrupt,
interfere with, break, unsettle फाधधत कयना 32. Plumbing line (noun) – Water pipe,
drainage system, pipeline, sewer line,
28. Flood-resilient (adjective) – Flood-proof,
water conduit ऩाइऩराइन
water-resistant, flood-tolerant, flood-
defensive, flood-protected फाढ़-प्रततय़ोधी 33. Resilience (noun) – Toughness, durability,
strength, flexibility, adaptability भज़फत
ू ी

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The Hindu Editorial: Impatience with jobs (01/08/2024)

1. Impatience (noun) – Restlessness, eagerness, 14. Scale up (phrasal verb) – Increase, expand,
anxiety, unease, agitation अधीयता enlarge, boost, amplify फढ़ाना

2. Stress (noun) – Emphasis, importance, focus, 15. Bridge the gap (phrase) – Close the gap,
attention, significance ज़ोय reduce the difference, connect, link, reconcile
अंतय क़ो कभ कयना
3. Pivot (noun) – Central point, focal point, hub,
core, axis केंद्र बफंद ु 16. Skill set (noun) – Abilities, competencies,
expertise, talents, qualifications कौशर सेट
4. Stance (noun) – Position, viewpoint, attitude,
perspective, standpoint रुि 17. Spruce-up (noun) – Improvement,
refurbishment, renovation, enhancement,
5. Frequency (noun) – Regularity, occurrence, upgrade सुधाय
incidence, rate, repetition आवक्ृ त्त
18. In tandem with (phrase) – Alongside, together
6. Theme (noun) – Subject, topic, motif, idea, with, in conjunction with, concurrently with,
focus ववषम simultaneously with साथ साथ

7. Facilitate (verb) – Assist, help, aid, ease, 19. Ambitious (adjective) – Aspiring, determined,
promote सुिभ फनाना driven, eager, enterprising भहत्वाकांऺी

8. Soothing (adjective) – Calming, comforting, 20. Flesh out (phrasal verb) – Elaborate, develop,
relaxing, alleviating, pacifying सुिदामक expand, detail, clarify ववस्तत
ृ कयना

9. Proposed (adjective) – Suggested, planned, 21. Bear (verb) – Carry, shoulder, sustain, endure,
recommended, intended, put forward support वहन कयना
प्रस्ताववत
22. Stipend (noun) – Allowance, payment, wage,
10. Seek (verb) – try, attempt, endeavour, effort, salary, remuneration वेतन
क़ोसशश कयना
23. Voluntary (adjective) – Optional,
11. Encourage (verb) – Motivate, inspire, support, discretionary, non-compulsory, willing, chosen
promote, foster प्ऱोत्साहहत कयना स्व़ैक्छिक

12. Entrant (noun) – Newcomer, participant, 24. Tap (verb) – Utilize, exploit, harness, draw on,
candidate, applicant, competitor प्रवेशी make use of उऩम़ोि कयना

13. Incentivise (verb) – Motivate, encourage, 25. Corporate social responsibility (noun) – the
stimulate, spur, promote प्ऱोत्साहहत कयना belief that businesses have a greater duty to
society than just providing jobs and making
profits

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26. Highlight (verb) – Emphasize, underline, 38. Perhaps (adverb) – Maybe, possibly,
stress, focus on, spotlight ज़ोय दे ना conceivably, probably, it could be संबवतः

27. Mark (verb) – Indicate, signify, denote, 39. Acute (adjective) – Severe, intense, critical,
represent, show संकेत कयना extreme, sharp तीव्र

28. Acknowledgement (noun) – Recognition, 40. Informal sector (noun) – Unregulated sector,
acceptance, admission, affirmation, unorganized sector, non-formal economy,
confirmation स्वीकृतत casual sector, unstructured sector असंिहठत
ऺेत्र
29. Paper over (phrasal verb) – Cover up, conceal,
hide, gloss over, disguise िुऩाना 41. Account for (phrasal verb) – Make up,
constitute, represent, comprise, फनाना
30. Critique (noun) – Analysis, assessment,
evaluation, review, criticism सभाऱोचना 42. Take a hit (phrase) – Suffer, be affected,
endure a setback, face a loss, experience a
31. Barb (noun) – Insult, criticism, dig, jibe, taunt
decline नक
ु सान उठाना
ताना
43. Successive (adjective) – Consecutive,
32. Capital-intensive (adjective) – Investment- sequential, continuous, in a row,
heavy, requiring significant investment, high-
uninterrupted रिाताय
capital, finance-intensive ऩंज
ू ी-िहन
44. Rollout (noun) – Launch, implementation,
33. Catch up with (phrase) – Equalize, reach the
introduction, deployment, unveiling प्रायं ब
same level, keep pace with, match, get up to
speed उसी स्तय तक ऩहुुँचना 45. Spur (verb) – Encourage, stimulate, prompt,
drive, boost प्ऱोत्साहहत कयना
34. Liberalised economy (noun) – the reduction of
government laws and restrictions in place to 46. Term (verb) – Call, name, label, describe,
encourage greater participation by private
designate कहना
entities.

35. Disincentive (noun) – Deterrent, 47. Structural (adjective) – Foundational,

discouragement, hindrance, obstacle, fundamental, systemic, underlying, intrinsic
discouragement तनरुत्साह संयचनात्भक

36. Hands on deck (phrase) – Workforce, labor 48. Potential (noun) – Capability, possibility,
force, personnel, employees, staff कामिफर capacity, prospect, promise ऺभता

37. Distress (noun) – Hardship, suffering, 49. Nudge (verb) – Encourage, prod, prompt,
difficulty, trouble, adversity संकट stimulate, push धक्का दे ना

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50. Margin (noun) – Relating to or resulting from 53. Foster (verb) – Encourage, promote, nurture,
small or incremental changes or adjustments support, cultivate फढ़ावा दे ना
to a variable or decision, often used in
economic contexts to evaluate the impact of 54. Trigger (verb) – Initiate, cause, prompt, set off,
marginal changes. activate शुरू कयना
51. Outlook (noun) – Perspective, view, forecast,
55. Avail (verb) – Use, utilize, take advantage of,
prediction, expectation दृक्ष्टक़ोण
employ, benefit from उऩम़ोि कयना
52. Expeditiously (adverb) – Quickly, promptly,
efficiently, speedily, swiftly शीघ्रता से

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The Hindu Editorial: Unnatural disaster (02/08/2024)

1. Restore (verb) – Repair, reinstate, rejuvenate, 14. Laid waste to (phrase) – Devastated,
refurbish, renew ऩन
ु स्थािवऩत कयना destroyed, ravaged, ruined, wrecked फफािद कय
दे ना
2. Denuded (adjective) – Stripped, bare, exposed,
uncovered, depleted उजाड 15. Incentivise (verb) – Motivate, encourage,
stimulate, spur, promote प्रेरयत कयना
3. Flora (noun) – Vegetation, plant life, greenery,
botany, foliage वनस्ऩतत 16. Infrastructure (noun) – Framework,
foundation, system, base, structure आधायबत
ू
4. Rehabilitate (verb) – Restore, reintegrate,
reestablish, renew, rebuild ऩन संयचना
ु वािस कयना

5. Vulnerable (adjective) – Susceptible, exposed, 17. Spring (verb) – Emerge, arise, originate, come
defenseless, sensitive, weak असयु क्षऺत forth, emanate उत्ऩन्न ह़ोना

6. Encourage (verb) – Inspire, motivate, 18. Sheer (adjective) – Steep, abrupt, sharp,
stimulate, support, promote प्ऱोत्साहहत कयना vertical, precipitous िडा

7. Unprecedented (adjective) – Unmatched, 19. Sweep (verb) – Brush, clean, clear, scour, move
unparalleled, exceptional, extraordinary, quickly साप कयना
unique अबत
ू ऩव
ू ि
20. Sediment (noun) – Deposits, residue, silt,
8. Precipitate (verb) – Cause, trigger, hasten, particles, debris तरिट
accelerate, provoke उत्ऩन्न कयना
21. Downstream (adverb) – Downriver, with the
9. Magnitude (noun) – Scale, size, extent, current, following the flow, downwards, below
dimension, degree भात्रा धाया के साथ

10. Calamitous (adjective) – Disastrous, 22. Sweep up (phrasal verb) – Gather, collect, pick
catastrophic, devastating, ruinous, tragic up, remove, clean up इकट्ठा कयना
आऩदाजनक
23. Debris (noun) – Rubble, wreckage, fragments,
11. Bear the brunt (of) (phrase) – Suffer the worst remains, litter भरफा
part, endure the impact, take the full force,
experience the major part, withstand the 24. Compound (verb) – Intensify, exacerbate,
worst िासभमाजा बि
ु तना worsen, aggravate, add to फढ़ाना

12. Deadly (adjective) – Fatal, lethal, mortal, life- 25. Strip (of) (verb) – Remove, take away, deprive,
threatening, dangerous घातक divest, clear हटा दे ना

13. Trigger (verb) – Activate, initiate, spark, 26. Swath (noun) – Band, strip, area, belt, stretch
prompt, provoke शरू
ु कयना ववशार ऺेत्र

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27. Upstream (adjective) – Against the current, 40. Fragile (adjective) – Delicate, weak, brittle,
upriver, towards the source, higher up, above vulnerable, breakable नाज़ुक
धाया के ववऩयीत
41. Burst (noun) – Explosion, outbreak, surge,
28. Humus (noun) – a substance made from dead eruption, blast ववस्प़ोट
leaves and plants, that you put into the ground
to help plants grow 42. Intense (adjective) – Extreme, strong, severe,
powerful, fierce तीव्र
29. Displaced (adjective) – Uprooted, removed,
relocated, dislodged, evacuated ववस्थावऩत 43. Result in (phrasal verb) – Lead to, cause, bring
about, produce, create के ऩरयणाभस्वरूऩ
30. Peculiarity (noun) – Uniqueness,
distinctiveness, oddity, characteristic, feature
44. Dislodge (verb) – Remove, eject, extricate,
ववशेषता
oust, displace हटाना
31. Landslide-prone (adjective) – Susceptible to
45. Quarrying (noun) – Excavation, mining,
landslides, vulnerable, at risk, predisposed,
extraction, digging, removal िनन
likely ब-ू स्िरन के प्रतत संवेदनशीर
46. Monocropping (noun) – Single crop farming,
32. Evident (adjective) – Obvious, clear, apparent,
single-crop agriculture, continuous cropping,
noticeable, conspicuous स्ऩष्ट
one-crop cultivation एक पसर की िेती
33. Feature (verb) – Include, present, highlight,
47. Compromise (verb) – Undermine, weaken,
display, showcase शासभर कयना
impair, damage, jeopardize कभज़ोय कयना
34. Prominently (adverb) – Noticeably,
48. Ecosystem (noun) – Environment, habitat,
conspicuously, visibly, importantly, strikingly
biome, ecological community ऩारयक्स्थततकी तंत्र
प्रभि
ु ता से
49. Cope with (phrasal verb) – Manage, deal with,
35. Recurrence (noun) – Reappearance, return,
handle, tackle, address साभना कयना
repetition, relapse, reoccurrence ऩन
ु यावक्ृ त्त
50. Ecologically (adverb) – Environmentally,
36. Caught off-guard (phrase) – Surprised,
unprepared, taken aback, shocked, astonished greenly, sustainably, naturally ऩारयक्स्थततक रूऩ
आश्चमिचककत से

37. Recurring (adjective) – Repeating, continual, 51. Empower (verb) – Enable, authorize, permit,
ongoing, repetitive, persistent फाय-फाय ह़ोने equip, strengthen सशक्त कयना
वारा 52. Deliberate (adjective) – Intentional, planned,
calculated, purposeful, premeditated
38. Abject (adjective) – Miserable, wretched,
जानफझ
ू कय
hopeless, pitiable, deplorable अत्मंत तनम्न
53. Feasibility (noun) – Viability, practicality,
39. Preparedness (noun) – Readiness, alertness,
possibility, achievability, workability व्मवहामिता
preparation, vigilance, awareness त़ैमायी

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54. Indeed (adverb) – Certainly, truly, 57. Slide (verb) – Slip, glide, move, shift, coast
undoubtedly, actually, really वास्तव भें कपसरना

55. Tame (verb) – Control, restrain, subdue, curb, 58. Past (adjective) – Former, previous, earlier,
moderate काफू कयना prior, preceding ऩव
ू ि

56. Dent (verb) – Damage, harm, diminish, reduce,

impair ऺतत ऩहुुँचाना

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The Hindu Editorial: Private consultation (03/08/2024)

1. Gatekeeping (noun) – Control, regulation, 14. Comprehensive (adjective) – Inclusive,
supervision, oversight, management तनमंत्रण complete, all-encompassing, detailed,
thorough व्माऩक
2. Critical (adjective) – Crucial, vital, essential,
significant, indispensable भहत्वऩण
ू ि 15. Framework (noun) – Structure, system,
outline, foundation, skeleton ढांचा
3. Reportedly (adverb) – Allegedly, supposedly,
purportedly, ostensibly, reputedly कधथत रूऩ से 16. Have a chilling effect (phrase) – To discourage
or inhibit a behavior or action, often through
4. Closed-door (adjective) – Private, secretive, fear or uncertainty हत़ोत्साहहत कयना
confidential, exclusive, restricted ि़ोऩनीम
17. Discourage (verb) – Deter, dissuade, inhibit,
5. Subsequent (adjective) – Following, ensuing, hinder, demotivate हत़ोत्साहहत कयना
succeeding, later, successive फाद का
18. Span (verb) – Extend, range, cover, bridge,
6. Stakeholder (noun) – An individual, group, or stretch प़ैराव
organization with an interest or concern in a
business or project हहतधायक 19. Evident (adjective) – Obvious, clear, apparent,
noticeable, manifest स्ऩष्ट
7. Confidentiality (noun) – Secrecy, privacy,
discretion, confidentiality, non-disclosure 20. For instance (phrase) – For example, such as,
ि़ोऩनीमता to illustrate, for case उदाहयण के सरए

8. Watermark (noun) – A design or text 21. Tone down (phrasal verb) – Moderate, soften,
incorporated into a paper or digital document reduce, lessen, mitigate कभ कयना
to identify the maker or owner
22. Cast in that light (phrase) – To perceive or
9. Integral (adjective) – Essential, fundamental,
interpret something in a particular way उस
indispensable, necessary, inherent असबन्न
संदबि भें दे िना
10. Extensive (adjective) – Comprehensive, wide-
23. Omission (noun) – Exclusion, neglect,
ranging, broad, thorough, exhaustive व्माऩक
oversight, omission, failure चूक
11. Outreach (noun) – Expansion, extension,
24. Sin of omission (phrase) – A failure to act or a
reach, community service, engagement संऩकि
neglect of duty through inaction
12. Insist (on) (verb) – Demand, assert, persist, 25. Deliberate (adjective) – Intentional, planned,
maintain, require ज़ोय दे ना premeditated, calculated, conscious
जानफझ
ू कय
13. Withhold (verb) – Refuse, retain, reserve,
suppress, conceal य़ोकना 26. Alarm (noun) – Concern, fear, apprehension,
unease, anxiety चेतावनी

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27. Established (adjective) – Recognized, settled, 36. Intent (noun) – Purpose, aim, goal, objective,
well-known, accepted, traditional स्थावऩत plan उद्देश्म

28. Coincide (with) (verb) – Correspond, concur, 37. Constrain (verb) – Restrict, limit, restrain,
align, match, synchronize भेर िाना confine, curb प्रततफंधधत कयना

29. Commentator (noun) – Analyst, critic, pundit, 38. Course of action (noun) – Plan, strategy,
reviewer, observer हटप्ऩणीकाय approach, procedure, method कामि म़ोजना

30. Let (verb) – Allow, permit, enable, grant, 39. Diverse (adjective) – Varied, different,
authorize ह़ोने दे ना assorted, manifold, heterogeneous ववववध

31. Sincerity (noun) – Honesty, genuineness, 40. Hurried (adjective) – Rushed, hasty, rapid,
authenticity, truthfulness, integrity ईभानदायी swift, expedited जलदीफाजी

32. Suspect (verb) – Doubt, question, mistrust, 41. End up (phrasal verb) – Result, conclude,
distrust, surmise संदेह कयना finish, culminate, become अंततः

33. Cease (verb) – Stop, discontinue, halt, 42. Beget (verb) – Cause, produce, create,
terminate, end य़ोकना generate, result in उत्ऩन्न कयना

34. Unfussy (adjective) – Simple, straightforward, 43. Flawed (adjective) – Imperfect, faulty,
uncomplicated, plain, unadorned सयर defective, erroneous, unsound त्रहु टऩण
ू ि

35. Diminish (verb) – Reduce, decrease, lessen, 44. Legislation (noun) – Laws, statutes,
weaken, abate कभ कयना regulations, acts, ordinances कानन
ू

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The Hindu editorial: Fiscal federalism (29/07/2024)

1. Fiscal federalism (noun) – financial 12. Legislative (adjective) – Law-making,
relations between units of governments in statutory, parliamentary, regulatory, legal
a federal government system ववधामी
2. Tax (verb) – Levy, impose, charge, assess, 13. Domain (noun) – Field, realm, sphere,
exact कय रिाना area, territory ऺेत्र
3. Ruling (noun) – Decision, judgment, 14. Interference (noun) – Intrusion,
verdict, decree, pronouncement तनणिम intervention, meddling, obstruction,
disruption हस्तऺेऩ
4. Avenue (noun) – Opportunity, pathway,
route, means, channel भािि 15. Decade (noun) – A period of ten years
दशक
5. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
repeatedly, commonly, usually अक्सय 16. Denude (verb) – Strip, divest, deprive,
clear, expose वंधचत कयना
6. Prominent (adjective) – Notable,
important, distinguished, eminent, 17. Impose (verb) – Enforce, levy, charge,
renowned प्रभुि inflict, institute थ़ोऩना
7. Discourse (noun) – Discussion, 18. Extract (verb) – Remove, draw out, take
conversation, dialogue, debate,
out, mine, retrieve तनकारना
communication संवाद
19. Prevalence (noun) – Commonness,
8. Hold (verb) – to have an opinion, etc क़ोई widespread occurrence, predominance,
याम आहद यिना pervasiveness, ubiquity प्रचरन

9. Overwhelming (adjective) – very large, 20. Confer (on) (verb) – Bestow, grant, give,
profuse, enormous, immense, inordinate award, endow प्रदान कयना
बायी, फहुत फडा
21. Subject (to) (verb) – Dependent on,
10. Mineral-bearing (adjective) – Resource- contingent on, conditional on, reliant on
rich, mineral-laden, ore-containing, तनबिय ह़ोना
mineral-loaded ितनज मक्
ु त
22. Limitation (noun) – Restriction, constraint,
11. Landmark (adjective) – Historic, significant, boundary, curb, cap प्रततफंध
milestone, pivotal, important भहत्वऩूणि
23. Argue (verb) – Contend, claim, assert,
reason, debate तकि कयना

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24. Bench (noun) – The judge or judges 35. Adversely (adverb) – Negatively,
composing a court. न्मामऩीठ unfavorably, detrimentally, harmfully,
poorly प्रततकूर रूऩ से
25. Examine (verb) – Inspect, scrutinize,
investigate, analyze, review जांचना 36. Deliver (verb) – Provide, supply, distribute,
convey, present प्रदान कयना
26. Provision (noun) – Clause, stipulation,
requirement, condition, term प्रावधान 37. Dissent (noun) – Disagreement,
opposition, conflict, objection, protest
27. Conclude (verb) – Decide, determine, infer, असहभतत
deduce, finalize तनष्कषि तनकारना
38. Undesirable (adjective) – Unwanted,
28. Royalty (noun) – an amount of money that objectionable, unacceptable, unfavorable,
is paid to the person who wrote a book, harmful अवांिनीम
piece of music, etc. every time his/her
work is sold or performed यॉमलटी 39. Derive (verb) – Obtain, gain, extract,
acquire, procure प्राप्त कयना
29. Envisage (verb) – Imagine, foresee,
envision, anticipate, contemplate कलऩना 40. Result in (phrasal verb) – Lead to, cause,
कयना bring about, produce, trigger ऩरयणाभ दे ना

30. Consideration (noun) – Payment, 41. Uneven (adjective) – Irregular, unequal,

compensation, fee, reward, remuneration inconsistent, patchy, variable असभान
ववचाय
42. Uncoordinated (adjective) – Disorganized,
31. Proponent (noun) – Advocate, supporter, haphazard, chaotic, unsystematic,
promoter, backer, champion सभथिक unplanned असंिहठत

32. Autonomy (noun) – Independence, self- 43. Spike (noun) – Increase, surge, rise,
government, self-rule, freedom, escalation, upsurge ववृ द्ध
sovereignty स्वामत्तता
44. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring
33. Observation (noun) – Remark, comment, about, produce, trigger वजह फनना
note, statement, reflection हटप्ऩणी
45. Exploit (verb) – Utilize, take advantage of,
34. Dilution (noun) – Weakening, reduction, leverage, capitalize on, use पामदा उठाना
attenuation, diminution, mitigation कभज़ोय
46. Arbitrage (noun) – the practice of buying
कयना something in one place and selling them in
another where you can get a higher price
at the same time

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47. Given (preposition) – Considering, taking 50. Explicit (adjective) – Clear, specific,
into account, in view of, bearing in mind, in precise, unequivocal, definite स्ऩष्ट
light of दे िते हुए
51. Prohibit (verb) – Forbid, ban, restrict,
48. Implication (noun) – Consequence, result, prevent, disallow प्रततफंधधत कयना
effect, repercussion, impact प्रबाव
52. Tax net (noun) – the amount of money you
49. Amend (verb) – Modify, revise, alter, have left after subtracting taxes.
change, adjust संश़ोधधत कयना
53. Competence (noun) – Ability, capability,
skill, proficiency, expertise ऺभता

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The Hindu editorial: Plastic mess (30/07/2024)

1. Mess (noun) – Chaos, disorder, clutter, 12. Fall short of (phrase) – Fail to meet, lack, be
confusion, turmoil अव्मवस्था insufficient, not achieve, miss the mark ऩयू ा
नहीं कयना
2. Curb (verb) – Restrain, restrict, limit, control,
check तनमंत्रण कयना 13. Legitimate (adjective) – Legal, lawful, valid,
authorized, genuine व़ैध
3. Economies (noun) – Countries in terms of
GDP आधथिक अथिव्मवस्था 14. Fraudulent (adjective) – Deceptive,
dishonest, fake, counterfeit, deceitful
4. A quarter of (noun) – One-fourth, 25%, a
ध़ोिाधडी
fourth part, a segment, a fraction चौथाई
हहस्सा 15. Reportedly (adverb) – Allegedly, purportedly,
supposedly, according to reports, claimed
5. End up (phrasal verb) – Conclude, finish, कधथत तौय ऩय
wind up, turn out, land ऩहुंचना
16. Steal (verb) – Rob, pilfer, take unlawfully,
6. Dispose (of) (verb) – Discard, get rid of, swipe, snatch चयु ाना
throw away, eliminate, remove हटाना
17. Claimed (adjective) – Asserted, declared,
7. Unsustainably (adverb) – Unviably, professed, alleged, maintained दावा ककमा हुआ
impractically, not feasibly, in an
unsustainable manner, unstably अक्स्थय रूऩ से 18. Commission (verb) – Assign, authorize,
appoint, contract, engage तनमुक्त कयना,
8. Mandate (verb) – Order, command, require,
शासभर कयना
decree, instruct आदे श दे ना
19. Audit (noun) – Examination, inspection,
9. Voluntary (adjective) – Optional,
review, evaluation, assessment रेिा ऩयीऺा
discretionary, non-mandatory, elective,
chosen स्व़ैक्छिक 20. Undertake (verb) – Begin, start, embark on,
commence, initiate आयं ब कयना
10. Enforce (verb) – Implement, apply, execute,
administer, impose रािू कयना 21. Comprehensive (adjective) – Complete,
thorough, extensive, inclusive, exhaustive
11. Validated (adjective) – Confirmed, verified,
व्माऩक
certified, substantiated, authenticated
प्रभाखणत 22. Overhaul (noun) – Revamp, renovation,
reorganization, restructuring, update सुधाय

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23. Teething issues (phrase) – the problems that business-driven, economy-based फाजाय
can develop when a person, system, etc. is
आधारयत
new शुरुआती सभस्माएं
28. Sustainable (adjective) – Viable, eco-friendly,
24. Undermine (verb) – Weaken, erode,
renewable, maintainable, enduring हटकाऊ
sabotage, subvert, destabilize कभज़ोय कयना
29. Address (verb) – Confront, tackle, attend to,
25. Impose (verb) – Levy, enforce, inflict, place,
deal with, manage सुरझाना, तनऩटाना
exact थ़ोऩना
30. Effectiveness (noun) – Efficiency, efficacy,
26. Fraught (with) (adjective) – Filled with, full
impact, success, productivity प्रबावशीरता
of, burdened with, loaded with, laden with
बया हुआ 31. Mitigate (verb) – Alleviate, reduce, lessen,
diminish, ease कभ कयना
27. Market-driven (adjective) – Commercially
motivated, profit-oriented, demand-led,

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The Hindu editorial: Widening conflict (31/07/2024)

1. Elusive (adjective) – Difficult to achieve, 13. Slow-burning (adjective) – Gradual,
evasive, hard to find, tricky, slippery भक्ु श्कर prolonged, lingering, simmering, ongoing
से प्राप्त ह़ोने वारा धीये -धीये उफर यहा

2. Drag (on) (verb) – Prolong, extend, continue, 14. Rage (on) (verb) – Continue, persist, carry on,
delay, linger रंफा खिंचना go on, proceed जायी यहना

3. To the brink of (phrase) – On the verge of, on 15. Following (preposition) – After, subsequent
the edge of, close to, near, almost at किाय to, ensuing, post के फाद

ऩय 16. Stronghold (noun) – Fortress, bastion,

citadel, bulwark, strong base िढ़
4. Blame (verb) – Accuse, hold responsible,
charge, fault, incriminate द़ोष दे ना 17. Retaliation (noun) – Revenge, reprisal,
retribution, counterattack, vengeance
5. Shia militia (noun) – Shia armed group, Shia
प्रततश़ोध
fighters, Shia paramilitary, Shia insurgents
सशमा सभसरसशमा 18. Solidarity (noun) – Unity, support, alliance,
cooperation, camaraderie एकजट
ु ता
6. Back (verb) – Support, endorse, uphold,
promote, aid सभथिन कयना 19. Unpunished (adjective) – Unreprimanded,
undisciplined, unpenalized, unchastised,
7. Claim (verb) – Assert, declare, state, allege,
uncorrected बफना सजा के
affirm दावा कयना
20. Let (verb) – Allow, permit, enable, grant,
8. Strike (noun) – Attack, assault, hit, raid, blow
authorize ह़ोने दे ना
हभरा
21. Spiral (verb) – Escalate, intensify, worsen,
9. Outpost (noun) – Military base, station,
amplify, expand फढ़ना
camp, stronghold, fort चौकी
22. All-out war (noun) – Full-scale war, total war,
10. Buy (verb) – Believe, accept, trust, be unrestricted war, comprehensive war, large-
convinced by, fall for ववश्वास कयना scale war ऩण
ू ि मद्ध
ु
11. Carry out (phrasal verb) – Execute, perform, 23. Take for granted (phrase) – to accept or
implement, conduct, accomplish कयना assume without question हलके भें रें रेना

12. Cross-border (adjective) – International, 24. Occupation (noun) – Control, possession,

transnational, across borders, transboundary
seizure, takeover, annexation कब्जा
सीभा ऩाय

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25. Clean hands (phrase) – Innocent, blameless, 30. Provoke (verb) – Incite, stimulate, arouse,
guilt-free, untainted, pure तनदोष spur, irritate उकसाना

26. Civilian (adjective) – Non-military, non- 31. Deter (verb) – Discourage, dissuade, prevent,
combatant, public, general, ordinary नािरयक inhibit, thwart य़ोकना

27. Neighbourhoods (noun) – Communities, 32. Self-defeatist (adjective) – Self-sabotaging,

areas, districts, localities, regions ऩड़ोस counterproductive, self-destructive,
undermining oneself, self-hindering आत्भ-
28. Take credit (phrase) – Claim responsibility,
ववय़ोधी
be credited, accept praise, be acknowledged,
be recognized श्रेम रेना 33. Hostility (noun) – Antagonism, enmity,
aggression, animosity, conflict शत्रत
ु ा
29. Stockpile (noun) – Reserve, hoard,
accumulation, supply, cache बंडाय 34. Trigger (verb) – Cause, initiate, spark, set off,
activate प्रेरयत कयना

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The Indian Express editorial: Manu Bhaker’s winning shot (01/08/2024)

1. Troll (verb) – Harass, taunt, mock, provoke, 12. Malfunctioned (adjective) – Faulty,
tease ऩये शान कयना defective, broken, flawed, inoperative ियाफ

2. Tale (noun) – Story, narrative, account, 13. Hype (verb) – Promote, publicize, advertise,
legend, chronicle कहानी boost, exaggerate प्रचारयत कयना

3. Push-back (noun) – Resistance, opposition, 14. Prodigy (noun) – Genius, wunderkind,

backlash, defiance, counteraction प्रततय़ोध marvel, whiz, sensation ववरऺण फारक

4. Drive someone out (phrasal verb) – Force 15. Sharpen the knives (phrase) – to become
out, expel, remove, oust, push away फाहय better at something

तनकारना 16. Compound (verb) – Intensify, worsen,

aggravate, exacerbate, amplify फढ़ाना
5. Hot-headed (adjective) – Impulsive, rash,
temperamental, quick-tempered, fiery 17. Precipitate (verb) – Trigger, cause, hasten,
तुनकसभजाज accelerate, bring about उत्प्रेरयत कयना

6. Speak one’s mind (phrase) – Express openly, 18. Fallout (noun) – Consequence, repercussion,
speak frankly, be candid, be outspoken,
aftermath, result, impact वववाद
speak freely फेफाकी से फ़ोरना
19. Funnel (verb) – Channel, direct, guide,
7. Walk the talk (phrase) – Act on one's words,
convey, transfer भाििदशिन कयना
follow through, back up one's words, practice
what one preaches, fulfill promises अऩने 20. Keep someone on a tight leash (phrase) –
शब्दों ऩय िया उतयना Control closely, restrict, monitor strictly,
oversee, regulate कसकय तनमंत्रण भें यिना
8. Steely one's nerves (phrase) – Strengthen
one's resolve, toughen up, brace oneself, be 21. Stern (adjective) – Strict, severe, harsh,
resolute, remain steadfast फौराद के सभान rigorous, tough सख्त
ह़ोना 22. Let the dust settle (phrase) – Wait for things
to calm down, allow the situation to stabilize,
9. Choke (verb) – Falter, fail, stumble, collapse,
wait for clarity, let things return to normal,
freeze असपर ह़ोना
let the situation clear up क्स्थतत साभान्म ह़ोने
10. Televised (adjective) – Broadcasted, aired, दे ना
shown, screened, transmitted प्रसारयत
23. Harsh (adjective) – Severe, rough, cruel,
11. Meltdown (noun) – Breakdown, collapse, unkind, stringent कठ़ोय
failure, disintegration, crash ऩतन

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24. Nous (adjective) – Intelligence, wit, acumen, 27. Regulation (noun) – Rule, law, directive,
savvy, shrewdness सभझदायी guideline, order तनमभ

25. Resilience (noun) – Strength, toughness, 28. Essential (noun) – Necessity, fundamental,
adaptability, endurance, flexibility भज़फूती requisite, requirement, basic आवश्मकता

26. Pay homage to (phrase) – Honor, respect,

commemorate, salute, pay tribute to सम्भान
दे ना

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The Hindu editorial: Problem power (02/08/2024)

1. Deal with (phrasal verb) – Handle, 11. Tariff (noun) – Tax, duty, levy, charge, rate
manage, address, tackle, cope with शल
ु क
तनऩटना, सुरझाना
12. Haunt (verb) – Plague, trouble, bother,
2. Proliferation resistance (noun) – The disturb, harass सताना
ability of a nuclear facility to prevent the
spread or increase of nuclear weapons 13. Conventional (adjective) – Traditional,
technology. ऩयभाणु अप्रसाय प्रततय़ोध standard, typical, customary, ordinary
ऩायं ऩरयक
3. Affordable (adjective) – Economical,
reasonable, budget-friendly, inexpensive, 14. Counterpart (noun) – Equivalent, match,
cost-effective सस्ती peer, parallel, complement सभकऺ

4. Sustainable (adjective) – Viable, 15. Aspire (verb) – Strive, aim, desire, hope,
maintainable, renewable, enduring, long- long for आकांऺा कयना
lasting हटकाऊ
16. Compromise (verb) – weaken, undermine,
5. Externalise (verb) – fail or choose not to impair; jeopardize, endanger कभज़ोय कयना
incorporate (costs) as part of a pricing
structure, especially social and 17. Feasibility (noun) – Viability, practicability,
environmental costs resulting from a possibility, workability, achievability
product's manufacture and use. व्मवहामिता
6. Complicate (verb) – Obstruct, convolute,
18. Leverage (verb) – Utilize, exploit, harness,
confuse, perplex, entangle जहटर फनाना
employ, apply राब उठाना
7. Calculus (noun) – Calculation,
19. Capital cost (noun) – Investment in
computation, method, analysis,
physical assets, funds used by a company
assessment िणना to acquire or upgrade physical assets such
as equipment, property, or industrial
8. Indeed (adverb) – Certainly, truly, surely,
buildings ऩूंजी राित
actually, really वास्तव भें
20. Aspiration (noun) – Ambition, goal, desire,
9. Commissioning (noun) – Launch, initiation,
dream, hope आकांऺा
inauguration, installation, activation काभ
के रामा जाना 21. Low-enriched uranium (noun) – Uranium
with a lower concentration of the fissile
10. Unheard (of) (adjective) – Uncommon, isotope U-235 than highly enriched
rare, unusual, unknown, novel अनसुना uranium, used in nuclear reactors. तनम्न
सभद्ध
ृ मूयेतनमभ

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22. Facilities (noun) – a building or place that 31. Feasibility (noun) – Viability, practicability,
provides a particular service or is used for possibility, workability, achievability
a particular industry व्मवहामिता
23. Existing (adjective) – Current, present, 32. Peg (verb) – Fix, set, secure, establish,
established, prevailing, ongoing भौजूदा determine तनधािरयत कयना
24. Economical (adjective) – Cost-effective, 33. Sophisticated (adjective) – Advanced,
budget-friendly, affordable, efficient,
complex, intricate, refined, cultured जहटर
thrifty ककपामती
34. Baseline cost (noun) – an estimate of the
25. Yield (verb) – Produce, generate, provide, budget required to successfully complete a
deliver, supply उत्ऩन्न कयना project

26. Consequential (adjective) – Significant, 35. Bolster (verb) – Support, strengthen,

important, substantial, impactful, reinforce, boost, enhance सभथिन कयना
noteworthy ऩरयणाभस्वरूऩ
36. Prospect (noun) – Outlook, possibility,
27. Outcome (noun) – Result, consequence, chance, potential, future संबावना
effect, conclusion, aftermath ऩरयणाभ
37. Viability (noun) – Feasibility, workability,
28. Stress (verb) – Emphasize, highlight, practicability, potential, sustainability
underline, accentuate, underscore ज़ोय दे ना व्मवहामिता

29. Tout (verb) – Promote, endorse, advertise, 38. Stable (adjective) – Steady, secure, firm,
publicize, acclaim प्रचाय कयना unchanging, constant क्स्थय

30. Safeguardable (adjective) – Protectable, 39. Grid (noun) – the system of electricity
secure, defensible, shieldable संयक्षऺत wires, etc. taking power to all parts of a
country ववद्मुत-ववतयण के सरए बफजरी की
तायों की व ्मवस ्था

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The Hindu editorial: Contested harvest (03/08/2024)

1. Contested (adjective) – Disputed, 11. Underpin (verb) – Support, reinforce,
challenged, opposed, debated, litigated bolster, strengthen, buttress सभथिन
वववाहदत कयना
2. Harvest (noun) – Reaping, gathering, 12. Gene (noun) – The gene is considered the
collection, crop, yield पसर basic unit of inheritance जीन
3. Genetically modified food crop (noun) – 13. Lucrative (adjective) – Profitable,
The plants in which DNA has been rewarding, beneficial, fruitful,
modified using genetic engineering
remunerative राबदामक
methods for agricultural purposes ज़ैव-
संश़ोधधत िाद्म पसर 14. Sow (verb) – Plant, seed, scatter,
cultivate, disseminate फीज फ़ोना
4. Torturous (adjective) – Painful, agonizing,
excruciating, distressing, harrowing 15. Existing (adjective) – Present, current,
कष्टदामक prevailing, ongoing, extant भौजूदा

5. Saga (noun) – Epic, chronicle, tale, story, 16. Comparator (noun) – a device for
narrative िाथा comparing something with a similar thing
or with a standard measure. तुरना
6. Fate (noun) – Destiny, outcome, fortune,
उऩकयण
end, doom त़दीय
17. Metric (noun) – Measurement, standard,
7. Pit stop (noun) – Break, halt, pause, rest,
criterion, parameter, gauge भाऩदं ड
stopover ववयाभ
18. Code (verb) – be the genetic code for (an
8. Bench (noun) – Judiciary, court, panel,
amino acid or protein). कूटफद्ध कयना
tribunal, judges न्मामऩीठ
19. Pesticide (noun) – Insecticide, herbicide,
9. Split verdict (noun) – Divided decision, fungicide, agrochemical, poison
conflicting judgment, opposing ruling,
कीटनाशक
split decision, divided opinion ववबाक्जत
तनणिम 20. Destructive (adjective) – Damaging,
harmful, devastating, ruinous, pernicious
10. Prompt (verb) – Induce, stimulate, ववनाशकायी
motivate, provoke, encourage प्रेरयत कयना
21. Transparent (adjective) – Clear, open,
candid, straightforward, explicit ऩायदशी

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22. Finding (noun) – Discovery, conclusion, 31. Amplify (verb) – Increase, enhance,
result, outcome, verdict तनष्कषि intensify, magnify, boost फढ़ाना

23. Violate (verb) – Breach, infringe, 32. Panacea (noun) – Cure-all, remedy,
transgress, contravene, disobey उलरंघन solution, elixir, magic bullet याभफाण
कयना
33. Yesteryears (noun) – Past, bygone days,
24. Cage (verb) – Confine, enclose, imprison, previous years, earlier times, history फीते
restrict, trap फंद कयना जभाने

25. Deliberate (upon) (verb) – Consider, 34. Synthetic fertilizer (noun) – Chemical
ponder, contemplate, reflect, weigh fertilizer, artificial fertilizer, man-made
ववचाय कयना fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer,
manufactured fertilizer कृबत्रभ उवियक
26. Evolve (verb) – Develop, progress, adapt,
transform, advance ववकससत कयना 35. Productivity (noun) – Efficiency, output,
performance, yield, production उत्ऩादकता
27. Fundamentally (adverb) – Basically,
essentially, primarily, intrinsically, 36. Unleash (verb) – Release, set free, let
inherently भौसरक रूऩ से loose, trigger, activate ि़ोडना; शुरू कयना

28. Ideologically (adjective) – Philosophically, 37. Ought to (modal verb) – Should, must,
doctrinally, theoretically, conceptually, have to, need to, are supposed to कयना
belief-based व़ैचारयक चाहहए
29. Yardstick (noun) – Criterion, standard, 38. Perfect is the enemy of good (phrase) –
measure, benchmark, gauge भाऩदं ड The demand, desire, or insistence for
perfection decreases the chances of
30. Yield (noun) – Output, production, crop, obtaining a good or favorable result in
return, harvest उऩज the end.

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The Economics times Editorial: Project Cheetah (29/07/2024)

1. Refusal (noun) – Denial, rejection, decline, 14. Fenced (adjective) – Enclosed, surrounded,
rebuff, non-compliance अस्वीकृतत bordered, walled, barricaded फाडे से तघया

2. Seek (verb) – Ask for, call on , solicit on भांि 15. Acclimatisation (noun) – Adjustment,
adaptation, becoming accustomed, getting
कयना
used to, habituation ऩरयक्स्थतत-अनक
ु ू रन
3. Put the spotlight on (phrase) – Highlight,
emphasize, focus on, draw attention to, bring 16. Unfenced (adjective) – Open, unenclosed,
without barriers, unbounded, unrestricted
to light ध्मान आकवषित कयना
बफना फाड वारा
4. Ambitious (adjective) – Aspiring, determined,
17. Reintroduction (noun) – restoration, revival,
driven, eager, enterprising भहत्वाकांऺी
reestablishment, reappearance ऩन
ु स्थािऩना
5. Fare (verb) – Perform, do, get along, manage,
18. Hiccup (noun) – Glitch, problem, setback,
cope प्रदशिन कयना
obstacle, issue सभस्मा
6. Invoke (verb) – to use a law in order to achieve
19. Crucial (adjective) – Critical, essential, vital,
something तनमभ, ़ानन
ू आहद प्रम़ोि कयना
important, key भहत्वऩण
ू ि
7. Withhold (verb) – Hold back, retain, reserve,
20. Shaky (adjective) – Unstable, uncertain,
keep, deny य़ोकना
doubtful, unreliable, wobbly अक्स्थय
8. Integrity (noun) – Honesty, uprightness,
21. Ground (noun) – Basis, foundation, reason,
probity, morality, virtue अिंडता
rationale, justification आधाय
9. Sovereignty (noun) – Autonomy,
independence, self-governance, self-rule, 22. Amiss (adjective) – Wrong, faulty, incorrect,
supremacy संप्रबत out of order, improper िरत
ु ा

10. Absurd (adjective) – Ridiculous, ludicrous, 23. Moreover (adverb) – Additionally,

foolish, preposterous, senseless फेतक furthermore, also, besides, in addition इसके

ु ा
अरावा
11. Decade (noun) – a period of ten years दशक
24. Expertise (noun) – Skill, knowledge,
12. Self-sustaining (adjective) – Self-sufficient, proficiency, competence, mastery ववशेषऻता
independent, self-reliant, self-supporting,
autonomous आत्भतनबिय 25. Robust (adjective) – Strong, sturdy, resilient,
vigorous, durable भजफत
ू
13. Unlike (preposition) – Different from,
dissimilar to, in contrast to, distinct from, not 26. Relocation (noun) – Move, transfer,
like के ववऩयीत resettlement, repositioning, displacement
ऩन
ु वािस

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The Economics times Editorial: Caring on a need to let go basis (30/07/2024)

1. Terminal illness (noun) – Fatal disease, 12. Administration (noun) – the action of
life-threatening illness, incurable dispensing, giving, or applying
disease, end-stage illness, final illness something. किमान्वमन
घातक फीभायी
13. Lethal (adjective) – Deadly, fatal, life-
2. Seek (verb) – to search for or try to threatening, mortal, dangerous घातक
obtain something. भांिना
14. The latter (noun) – Here it refers to
3. Assistance (noun) – Help, support, aid, ‘passive euthanasia’
backing, aid सहामता
15. Following (preposition) – After,
4. Assisted (adjective) – Supported, subsequent to, next, succeeding, post
aided, helped, facilitated, backed के फाद
सभधथित
16. Withdrawal (noun) – Removal,
5. Dignity (noun) – Respect, honor, self- cessation, retraction, discontinuation,

worth, nobility, decorum िरयभा pulling out वाऩसी

6. Stance (noun) – Position, viewpoint, 17. Designated (adjective) – Appointed,

assigned, named, selected, nominated
attitude, perspective, standpoint रुि
नासभत
7. Euthanasia (noun) – the painless killing
of a patient suffering from an incurable 18. Incapacitated (adjective) – Disabled,
and painful disease or in an irreversible debilitated, impaired, weakened,

coma. इछिाभत्ृ मु immobilized अऺभ

8. Evolve (verb) – Develop, progress, 19. Broaden (verb) – Expand, widen,

grow, advance, mature ववकससत ह़ोना enlarge, extend, increase ववस्ताय कयना

9. Distinguish (verb) – Differentiate, 20. Impose (verb) – Enforce, inflict, apply,

separate, identify, recognize, discern levy, mandate थ़ोऩना
अंतय कयना
21. Contest (verb) – Challenge, dispute,
10. Passive (adjective) – Inactive, non- argue, oppose, fight चन
ु ौती दे ना
active, submissive, non-participative,
22. Writ petition (noun) – a formal written
non-aggressive तनक्ष्िम
order issued by a judicial authority who
11. The former (noun) – Here it refers to possesses the authority to do so रयट
‘active euthanasia’. माधचका

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23. Framework (noun) – Structure, system, 27. Err in (phrasal verb) – Make a mistake
foundation, basis, outline ढांचा in, be wrong in, be mistaken in, blunder
in, be incorrect in िरती कयना
24. Stringent (adjective) – Strict, rigorous,
severe, harsh, inflexible कठ़ोय 28. In place (phrase) – Established, set up,
positioned, ready, prepared स्थावऩत
25. Bureaucratic (adjective) –
Administrative, procedural, official, 29. Hospice (noun) – a special hospital
governmental, regulatory नौकयशाही where people who are dying are cared
for
26. Notarise (verb) – Certify, authenticate,
validate, attest, legalize प्रभाखणत कयना

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Financial planning comes of age in India (31/07/2024)

1. Come of age (phrase) – If something has 13. Possess (verb) – Have, Own, Hold, Bear,
come of age, it has reached its full successful Carry यिना
development
14. Expertise (noun) – Skill, Proficiency, Mastery,
2. Seek (verb) – Search for, Look for, Pursue,
Knowledge, Competence ववशेषऻता
Aim for, Strive for ि़ोजना
15. Navigate (verb) – Steer, Direct, Maneuver,
3. Labyrinth (noun) – Maze, Tangle, Web,
Pilot, Guide भाििदशिन कयना
Complex, Puzzle बूरबुऱैमा
16. Landscape (noun) – Terrain, Environment,
4. Breed (noun) – Type, Kind, Sort, Class,
Scenery, Setting, Background ऩरयदृश्म
Category प्रकाय
17. Outstrip (verb) – Surpass, Exceed, Outdo,
5. Complexity (noun) – Complication, Intricacy,
Outperform, Eclipse आिे तनकरना
Complexity, Difficulty, Involution जहटरता
18. Hint (at) (verb) – Suggest, Indicate, Imply,
6. Gain traction (phrase) – Become popular,
Allude to, Refer to संकेत कयना
Get recognition, Build momentum, Gain
ground, Catch on प्रससद्ध ह़ोना 19. Set apart (phrase) – Distinguish,
Differentiate, Separate, Single out, Identify
7. Holistic (adjective) – Comprehensive, All-
अरि कयना
encompassing, Integrated, Total, Entire सभग्र
20. Unlike (preposition) – Different from,
8. Tailor (verb) – Customize, Adapt, Fit, Shape, Contrary to, Unlike, In contrast to, As
Modify अनुकूर फनाना opposed to ववऩयीत
9. Well-established (adjective) – Recognized, 21. Akin (to) (preposition) – Similar to,
Accepted, Proven, Reliable, Respected Comparable to, Like, Resembling,
प्रततक्ष्ठत Corresponding to सभान
10. The West (noun) – Western countries, 22. Delve into (phrasal verb) – Investigate,
Developed countries, Europe and North
Explore, Probe, Examine, Research िहयाई से
America, Industrialized nations, Democratic
nations ऩक्श्चभी दे श जांच कयना

11. Undergo (verb) – Experience, Endure, Go 23. Craft (verb) – Create, Construct, Design,
through, Suffer, Face अनुबव कयना Forge, Fabricate तनभािण कयना

12. Rigorous (adjective) – Strict, Stern, Harsh, 24. Comprehensive (adjective) – Thorough, All-
inclusive, Exhaustive, Wide-ranging,
Tough, Stringent कठ़ोय
Extensive व्माऩक

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25. Encompass (verb) – Include, Cover, Embrace, 39. Prosperity (noun) – Wealth, Success,
Contain, Comprise शासभर कयना Affluence, Richness, Well-being सभवृ द्ध

26. Keen (adjective) – Eager, Enthusiastic, Sharp, 40. Empower (verb) – Authorize, Enable, Permit,
Acute, Intense उत्सुक Empower, Qualify सशक्त फनाना

27. Ally (noun) – Friend, Supporter, Partner, 41. Sound (adjective) – Solid, Reliable, Robust,
Collaborator, Confidant सहम़ोिी Sturdy, Strong भजफूत

28. Scenario (noun) – Situation, Case, 42. Sustainable (adjective) – Environmentally

Circumstance, Condition, Context ऩरयक्स्थतत friendly, Renewable, Viable, Feasible,
Maintainable सतत
29. Flexibility (noun) – Adaptability, Versatility,
Pliability, Elasticity, Malleability रचीराऩन 43. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore,
Additionally, Besides, Also, Plus इसके अरावा
30. Diverse (adjective) – Varied, Different,
Diverse, Miscellaneous, Multifarious ववववध 44. Bridge the gap (phrase) – Reduce the
difference अंतय कभ कयना
31. Pursue (verb) – Follow, Engage in, Carry on,
Undertake, Proceed with ऩीिा कयना 45. Dormant (adjective) – Inactive, Sleeping,
Latent, Quiescent, Idle तनक्ष्िम
32. Vary (verb) – Differ, Change, Alter, Modify,
Fluctuate सबन्न ह़ोना 46. Thereby (adverb) – Thus, Therefore,
Consequently, As a result, By that means इस
33. Hover around (phrasal verb) – Fluctuate
प्रकाय
near, Circle around, Be around, Oscillate
around, Linger around के आसऩास भंडयाना 47. Fuel (verb) – Power, Energize, Stimulate,
Propel, Feed प्रेरयत कयना
34. Reflect (verb) – Show, Indicate, Manifest,
Demonstrate, Exhibit हदिाना 48. In essence (phrase) – Essentially, Basically,
Fundamentally, At heart, Inherently भूर रूऩ
35. Rigour (noun) – Severity, Strictness,
Hardness, Rigidity, Sternness कठ़ोयता से

36. Hone (verb) – refine or perfect (something) 49. Emergence (noun) – Arrival, Appearance,
over a period of time सुधायना Coming into view, Emergence, Rise उबाय

37. Invaluable (adjective) – Priceless, Precious, 50. Herald (verb) – Announce, Proclaim, Signal,
Inestimable, Valuable, Irreplaceable अभल
ू म Indicate, Foretell संकेत दे ना

38. Dynamic (adjective) – Energetic, Active, 51. Era (noun) – Period, Age, Epoch, Time, Age
Vigorous, Forceful, Powerful िततशीर मुि

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52. Characterise (verb) – Define, Describe, 60. Aspiring (adjective) – Ambitious, Hopeful,
Distinguish, Mark, Typify ववशेषता दे ना Eager, Desirous, Keen भहत्वाकांऺी

53. Informed decision-making (noun) – a choice 61. At large (phrase) – In general, Broadly,
that individuals make once they have all the Overall, As a whole, Widely व्माऩक रूऩ से
information related to the decision topic
62. Rewarding (adjective) – Satisfying, Fulfilling,
54. Tailored (adjective) – Custom-made,
Gratifying, Worthwhile, Valuable राबप्रद
Bespoke, Personalized, Designed, Fitted
अनक
ु ू सरत 63. Lucrative (adjective) – Profitable, Beneficial,
Gainful, Rewarding, Advantageous राबदामक
55. Embrace (verb) – Accept, Adopt, Welcome,
Include, Take up अऩनाना 64. On the rise (phrase) – Increasing, Growing,
Rising, Ascending, Climbing फढ़ यहा ह़ै
56. Embark (on) (verb) – Begin, Start,
Commence, Enter (on), Launch into प्रायं ब 65. Tangible (adjective) – Concrete, Real,
कयना Physical, Actual, Material ठ़ोस

57. Empowerment (noun) – Authorization, 66. Cadre (noun) – Core group, Framework,
Enabling, Liberation, Empowerment, Team, Unit, Staff क़ैडय
Enablement सशक्क्तकयण
67. Equip (verb) – Provide, Supply, Furnish, Arm,
58. In conclusion (phrase) – Finally, To sum up, Prepare सक्जजत कयना
Lastly, In summary, To conclude तनष्कषि भें
68. Resilience (noun) – Toughness, Strength,
59. Immense (adjective) – Huge, Vast, Massive, Fortitude, Endurance, Durability भज़फूती
Enormous, Tremendous अत्मधधक

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The Pioneer Editorial: Kolkata's healthcare (01/08/2024)

1. Decade (noun) – a period of ten years 12. Landscape (noun) – Environment,
दशक scenery, surroundings, setting,
backdrop ऩरयदृश्म
2. Transform (verb) – Change, alter,
convert, revolutionize, reshape फदरना 13. Undergo (verb) – Experience, endure,
go through, undergo, face from िुजयना
3. Exodus (noun) – Mass departure,
migration, evacuation, flight, 14. Paradigm shift (noun) – Fundamental
movement ऩरामन change, transformation, radical
change, shift, overhaul फतु नमादी फदराव
4. Horde (noun) – Crowd, throng,
multitude, mass, swarm बीड 15. Ride the tailwind (phrase) – Benefit
from, take advantage of, capitalize on,
5. Pilgrim (noun) – Traveler, voyager, be carried by, be propelled by अनुकूर
wayfarer, wanderer, seeker मात्री ऩरयक्स्थतत का राब उठाना
6. Thin (verb) – Decrease, reduce, 16. Soar (verb) – Rise, increase, escalate,
diminish, lessen, shrink घटाना surge, climb ऊंचाई ऩय जाना
7. Substantially (adverb) – Significantly, 17. Pool (noun) – Group, collection,
considerably, greatly, markedly,
aggregation, assembly, body सभह
ू
extensively कापी हद तक
18. Steady (adjective) – Stable, constant,
8. Scramble (verb) – to fight or move
unchanging, consistent, regular क्स्थय
quickly to get something which a lot of
people want संघषि कयना 19. Cater (to) (verb) – Provide for, supply,
serve, accommodate, meet the needs
9. Make up for (phrase) – Compensate,
of सेवा प्रदान कयना
balance, offset, atone, rectify ऩूतति
कयना 20. Gradually (adverb) – Slowly,
progressively, incrementally, step by
10. Ailment (noun) – Illness, sickness, step, steadily धीये -धीये
disease, disorder, malady फीभायी
21. Trickle (verb) – to arrive or move
11. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly, somewhere slowly and gradually, in
commonly, repeatedly, usually अक्सय small numbers आना

22. Ounce by ounce (phrase) – Little by

little, bit by bit, gradually, step by step,
incrementally धीये -धीये

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23. South-bound (adjective) – Heading 33. Makeover (noun) – Transformation,

south, going south, directed south, renovation, overhaul, reformation,
traveling south दक्षऺण की ओय rejuvenation कामाऩरट

24. In sync with (phrase) – In harmony 34. Unveiling (noun) – Revelation,

with, in accordance with, in agreement presentation, introduction, exposure,
with, aligned with, consistent with के disclosure अनावयण
साथ साभंजस्म भें
35. Set the ball rolling (phrase) – Initiate,
25. Scenario (noun) – Situation, setting, start, commence, begin, get started
context, environment, background शुरुआत कयना
ऩरयदृश्म
36. Flagship (adjective) – Leading,
26. Allocation (noun) – Distribution, principal, main, primary, premier प्रभि
ु
allotment, assignment, apportionment,
37. Venture (noun) – Undertaking,
share आवंटन
enterprise, project, initiative, endeavor
27. Restoration (noun) – Renewal, revival, उद्मभ
reinstatement, reestablishment,
38. Boast (verb) – Show off, brag, flaunt,
refurbishment ऩुनस्थािऩना
exhibit, display िवि कयना
28. Commitment (noun) – Dedication,
devotion, allegiance, loyalty, pledge 39. Tertiary care (noun) – Specialized
medical care, advanced medical care,
प्रततफद्धता
high-level medical care
29. Meticulous (adjective) – Thorough, 40. Orthopaedic (noun) – Bone specialist,
detailed, precise, exact, careful orthopaedic surgeon, orthopaedic
सावधानीऩूवक
ि doctor हड्डी य़ोि ववशेषऻ

30. Allegiance (noun) – Loyalty, fidelity, 41. Vast (adjective) – Huge, immense,
adherence, devotion, faithfulness
extensive, expansive, large ववशार
तनष्ठा
42. Infrastructure (noun) – Framework,
31. Meet (verb) – Fulfill, satisfy, achieve, foundation, facilities, system, base
comply with, accomplish ऩूया कयना फुतनमादी ढांचा

32. Milestone (noun) – Landmark, 43. Address (verb) – Tackle, deal with,
achievement, significant event,
handle, resolve, confront सभाधान
breakthrough, marker उऩरक्ब्ध
कयना

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44. Neighbouring (adjective) – Adjacent, 48. Optimize (verb) – Improve, enhance,

nearby, bordering, adjoining, maximize, perfect, fine-tune अनुकूसरत
proximate ऩड़ोसी कयना
45. Non-communicable (adjective) – Non- 49. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause,
infectious, non-transmissible, non-
bring about, produce, induce कायण
contagious ि़ैय-संचायी
फनना
46. Adoption (noun) – Acceptance,
implementation, embrace, utilization, 50. Compassion (noun) – Empathy,
kindness, care, concern, benevolence
incorporation अंिीकयण
करुणा
47. Cutting-edge (adjective) – Advanced,
innovative, state-of-the-art, 51. Envision (verb) – Imagine, foresee,
pioneering, leading-edge अत्माधतु नक visualize, conceptualize, picture कलऩना
कयना

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The pioneer: Microcredit courses revolutionise learning (03/08/2024)

1. Microcredit courses (noun) – Short-term, attributes that are in demand in the job
skill-based training programmes offered by market. य़ोजिाय ऺभता
NGOs, microfinance institutions, or
government agencies, which are accessible 11. Masses (noun) – The general public,
to individuals with limited financial populace, multitude, common people, the
resources. majority जनता
2. Revolutionise (verb) – Transform,
12. Often (adverb) – Frequently, commonly,
overhaul, reshape, innovate, reform
regularly, habitually, recurrently अक्सय
ऩरयवतिन कयना
13. Means (noun) – Resources, assets, funds,
3. Democratise (verb) – Equalise, liberalise,
capital, wealth साधन
open up, make accessible, universalize
सर
ु ब फनाना 14. Vocational skill (noun) – Practical abilities
and knowledge related to a specific trade
4. Empower (verb) – Enable, authorize,
or occupation, acquired through training or
strengthen, equip, uplift सशक्त फनाना experience, and aimed at preparing
individuals for employment in that field.
5. Diverse (adjective) – Varied,
heterogeneous, multifaceted, assorted, 15. In collaboration with (phrase) – In
mixed ववववध partnership with, jointly with, in
conjunction with, in alliance with, in
6. Populous (adjective) – Densely populated, cooperation with के सहम़ोि से
crowded, teeming, populous, swarming
घनी आफादी वारा 16. Bridge the gap (phrase) – To reduce or
eliminate differences or disparities
7. Myriad (adjective) – Countless, between two things, often used in the
innumerable, numerous, myriad, context of addressing gaps in knowledge,
multitudinous असंख्म understanding, or communication.

8. Pressing (adjective) – Urgent, critical, 17. Domain (noun) – Field, area, realm,
imperative, acute, pressing जरूयी sphere, territory ऺेत्र

9. A beacon of hope (phrase) – A symbol or 18. Emphasise (verb) – Highlight, stress,

source of guidance and inspiration that underscore, accentuate, spotlight ज़ोय दे ना
offers optimism and encouragement in
19. Outcome-driven (adjective) – Focused on
challenging times. आशा की ककयण
achieving specific results or outcomes,
10. Employability (noun) – The quality of being often used in the context of education,
suitable for employment, often based on projects, or business strategies that
the possession of skills, knowledge, and prioritize measurable goals.

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20. Meet (verb) – Fulfill, satisfy, achieve, 33. Potential (noun) – Possibility, potential,
accomplish, attain ऩूया कयना capacity, promise, prospect संबावना

21. Stand out (phrasal verb) – Distinguish 34. Unlike (preposition) – Contrary to,
oneself, excel, shine, be prominent, be different from, dissimilar to, not like,
noticeable अरि हदिना unlike सबन्न

22. Rigorous (adjective) – Strict, stringent, 35. Hefty (adjective) – Substantial, large,
thorough, demanding, exacting कठ़ोय significant, considerable, sizeable बायी

23. Blend (verb) – Mix, combine, merge, 36. Stringent (adjective) – Strict, rigid, severe,
amalgamate, integrate सभश्रण कयना tight, exacting कडे

24. Rigour (noun) – Strictness, severity, 37. Marginalised community (noun) – A group
exactness, precision, thoroughness कठ़ोयता of people who are socially, economically,
or politically excluded or sidelined, often
25. Exposure (noun) – Experience. facing discrimination or limited access to
resources and opportunities.
26. Ecosystem (noun) – Environment, habitat,
system, biosphere, ecology ऩारयक्स्थततकी 38. Constraint (noun) – Limitation, restriction,
impediment, hindrance, obstacle फाधा
तंत्र
39. All walks of life (noun) – People from
27. Pivotal (adjective) – Central, crucial, key,
various backgrounds, professions, and
vital, essential भहत्वऩूणि
social statuses, representing a diverse
range of experiences and perspectives.
28. Catalyse (verb) – Stimulate, trigger, spark,
accelerate, activate प्रेरयत कयना 40. Tailor (verb) – Customize, adapt, modify,
adjust, shape अनुकूर फनाना
29. Underscore (verb) – Emphasize, underline,
highlight, stress, accentuate ज़ोय दे ना 41. Impart (verb) – Convey, transmit,
communicate, bestow, provide प्रदान कयना
30. Commitment (noun) – Dedication,
obligation, responsibility, pledge, promise 42. Alignment (noun) – Conformity,
प्रततफद्धता agreement, harmony, synchronization,
coordination संयेिण
31. Leverage (verb) – Utilize, exploit, harness,
capitalize on, make use of राब उठाना 43. Furthermore (adverb) – Moreover,
additionally, besides, also, likewise इसके
32. Strengthen (verb) – Fortify, reinforce,
अरावा
bolster, enhance, consolidate भजफत
ू कयना

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44. Foster (verb) – Encourage, promote, 47. Immense (adjective) – Enormous, vast,
nurture, cultivate, develop प्ऱोत्साहहत कयना huge, massive, tremendous ववशार

45. Dynamics (noun) – Forces, motion, energy, 48. Drive (verb) – Propel, motivate, push, spur,
mechanics, movement िततशीरता impel प्रेरयत कयना

46. Instil (verb) – Infuse, implant, inculcate,

imbue, instill डारना

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