Sy - Week 1 Activity 1

Van Ashley L.
Sy 8-Mapagkawanggawa
1. How do you explain motion using the concept of force?

Newton’s Laws of Motion:
1st (Law of inertia) - an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by
an unbalanced force.
2nd (Law of acceleration) - relation of the force, mass and acceleration. The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma)
3rd (Law of interaction) - for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
2. How is force related to acceleration?

Force and acceleration are directly related according to Newton's second law of motion. The law states that the
acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its
mass. This means that when the net force acting on an object increases, its acceleration also increases,
provided its mass remains constant.
3. How is the concept of force different from the concept of inertia?

Force is a measure of the interaction between objects or within an object. It can cause objects to accelerate,
decelerate, or change direction. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. It is responsible
for changes in an object's motion. In contrast, inertia is an object's tendency to resist changes in its motion and
is related to its mass.
4. Can friction be acting on an object that stays at rest?

Yes, friction can act on an object that stays at rest. When an object is at rest on a surface, there can still be
static friction acting between the object and the surface. Static friction is the force that prevents the object from
moving when an external force is applied to it. It acts in the opposite direction to the applied force and
increases or decreases in magnitude until the applied force exceeds the maximum static friction, causing the
object to start moving.
5. What is the effect of friction on an object that is moving?

Friction has several effects on an object that is already in motion. This friction is called static friction and it
prevents the object from moving when an external force is applied. The static friction increases or decreases
until it reaches its maximum value, at which point the object starts moving.
6. What is the effect of a net force acting perpendicular to an object’s direction of motion?
When a net force acts perpendicular to an object's direction of motion, it does not affect the object's speed but
alters its direction of motion. The object will experience acceleration in the direction of the net force, causing it
to move in a curved path. This is known as centripetal acceleration, and the net force providing the
acceleration is called the centripetal force. The object continues to move in a curved path as long as the
centripetal force acts upon it. If the net force becomes zero or ceases to act, the object will move in a straight
line tangent to its curved path, following the principle of inertia.
Mass - measure of the amount of stuff in something and gives a measure of how difficult it is to get moving or
to stop it. It never changes.
Grams, kilograms - measure/unit of mass
Newtons - units of force
Spring balance/force meter (newton meter) - measures weight
Gravity on Earth: g = 9.8 m/s²
Gravity on the moon: g = 1.6 m/s²
Gravity on Jupiter: g = 25 m/s²
Gravitational field strength, g = acceleration due to gravity
Weight - force due to gravity. Depends on the masses of the two objects that are attracted. Can change.
Jupiter - greatest mass, largest planet, highest gravitational field strength
N = Newtons
Velocity - Speed in a particular direction. To change the velocity, there needs to be a force acting on it and the
object is accelerating.
Acceleration - rate of change in speed
Force - interactions that causes an object to change direction
If an object changes speed or direction, we know that an unbalanced force acts on it.
Newton's second law: acceleration depends on the mass of an object and the force applied
Negative acceleration = slower
Inertia - resistance to a change in motion. Resistance to a change in velocity. The inertia of an object depends
on its mass. More mass = more inertia
Inertia mass - measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object. Larger inertia mass = bigger
force needed
How to find the net force of an object: consider the size/magnitude and the direction of each force acting on the
object.
Objects will continue what they’re doing when they experience no net force
Unbalanced force - causes change in velocities, speed, and/or direction which depends upon the size of
direction of the net force
Types of frictions: static, sliding/kinetic, rolling, and fluid
Static friction - in which two surfaces are not moving past each other
Sliding/Kinetic friction - when two surfaces slide past one another
Rolling friction - the friction between a rolling b=object and the surface it rolls on
Fluid friction - friction that occurs when object move through or across a fluid (air and liquid)
Uniform circular motion - constant tangential speed
Tangential speed - depends on the distance from axis of rotation
Angular velocity
Velocity is tangent to the wheel, magnitude will not change but direction is constantly changing. If velocity
changes, there must be acceleration.
Centripital acceleration - always points toward the center. Generated by centripetal force
Centripetal force - force pulling an object towards the axis of rotation during circular motion.
Centrifugal force - reaction fore to the centripetal force. Not a real force
Equations:
F = ma ; (F) Force (in newtons) = (m) mass (kg) (a) acceleration (m/s²) or (N/kg)
W = mg ; (W) weight (in newtons) = (m) mass (kg) (g) acceleration (gravity)
a = v - u / t ; (a) Acceleration = (v) Final Velocity - (u) initial velocity / (t) Time Taken

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Van Ashley L.

1. How do you explain motion using the concept of force?

2. How is force related to acceleration?

3. How is the concept of force different from the concept of inertia?

4. Can friction be acting on an object that stays at rest?

5. What is the effect of friction on an object that is moving?

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