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    BEE 332 Chapter 7 - Part 3

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    Jesse Owens
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    BEE 332 Chapter 7 - Part 3

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    Lecture Notes

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    BEE 332 Chapter 7 - part 3

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    1 views16 pages

    BEE 332 Chapter 7 - Part 3

    Uploaded by

    Jesse Owens
    Lecture Notes

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    Chapter 7: Transistor Amplifiers

    Harry Aintablian

    BEE 332: Spring 2024

    4/3/2024 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON AT BOTHELL 1


    Amplifiers - revisited
    › Amplifiers commonly use electronic devices operating in the active
    region
    – A BJT is used as an amplifier when biased in the forward-active region
    – A MOSFET can be used as amplifier if operated in the active region or
    saturation region
    › In these regions, transistors can provide high voltage, current and
    power gains
    › Bias is provided to stabilize the operating point (the Q-Point) in the
    desired region of operation
    › Operating point also determines
    – Small-signal parameters of transistor
    – Voltage gain, input resistance, output resistance
    – Maximum input and output signal amplitudes
    – Power consumption

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 2


    Dc and ac analysis: two-step process
    › dc analysis:
    – Find dc equivalent circuit by replacing all capacitors by open circuits.
    – Find Q-point (dc operating point) from dc equivalent circuit by using
    appropriate large-signal transistor model (same analysis as in
    chapters 5 and 6).
    › ac analysis:
    – Find ac equivalent circuit by replacing all capacitors by short circuits,
    dc voltage sources by ground connections and dc current sources by
    open circuits.
    – Replace transistor by its small-signal model
    – Use small-signal ac equivalent model to analyze ac characteristics of
    amplifier.

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 3


    Amplifier classification
    › Three broad classes of amplifiers:

    – Inverting amplifiers provide high voltage gain with a 1800 phase


    shift: common-emitter and common-source configurations

    – Followers provide nearly unity gain similar to the op amp voltage


    follower: common-collector and common-drain configurations

    – Non-inverting amplifiers provide high voltage gain with no phase


    shift: common-base and common-gate configurations

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 4


    Three basic configurations

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 5


    Common source (CS) amplifier

    Dc bias circuit is not shown

    The source terminal is common to


    input and output

    Input is applied at the gate;


    output is received at the drain

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 6


    Common source (CS) amplifier

    Input resistance: 𝑅 =∞

    𝑣
    Overall gain: = −𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅
    𝑣

    Output resistance: 𝑅 =𝑅

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 7


    Common emitter amplifier

    Dc bias circuit is not shown

    The emitter terminal is common to


    input and output

    Input is applied at the base;


    output is received at the collector

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 8


    Common emitter (CE) amplifier

    Input resistance: 𝑅 =𝑟

    𝑣 𝑟
    Overall gain: 𝑣
    =−
    𝑟 +𝑅
    𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅

    There is a trade-off between input resistance


    Output resistance: 𝑅 =𝑅 and voltage gain. The gain is reduced depending
    on the relative value of Ri and Rsig .

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 9


    CS and CE amplifier examples
    CS CE
    (Exercise 7.21) (Example 7.8)
    Input resistance Ri infinite 2.5 kW
    Overall gain vo/vsig -20 -33.3
    Output resistance Ro 20 kW 5 kW

    › CS amplifier has infinite input resistance; CE amplifier has finite


    input resistance
    › Both amplifiers have relatively high gains
    › Both amplifiers have finite output resistances
    – They are not well-suited for low output resistance applications

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 10


    Common source (CS) amplifier with source resistance

    𝑅 =∞

    𝑣 =𝑣 1+𝑔 𝑅 Higher input voltage range


    than when RS=0 T model

    𝑣 −𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅 Lower gain than


    =
    𝑣 1+𝑔 𝑅 when RS=0

    𝑣 =𝑣
    Since iG=0
    𝑅 =𝑅
    Figure 7.37 The CS amplifier with a source resistance Rs: (a) circuit without bias details; (b)
    equivalent circuit with the MOSFET represented by its T model.

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 11


    Comparison of CS amplifiers
    CS CS comment
    (Without RS) (With RS)
    Input resistance infinite infinite same
    Input voltage range 𝑣 =𝑣 𝑣 =𝑣 1+𝑔 𝑅 Higher with Rs
    Gain −𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅 −𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅 Lower with Rs
    1+𝑔 𝑅
    Output resistance 𝑅 𝑅 same

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 12


    Common emitter (CE) amplifier with emitter resistance

    𝑅 = 𝛽+1 𝑟 +𝑅

    𝑣 𝑔 𝑅
    =−
    𝑣 1+𝑔 𝑅 T model

    𝑣 𝑅 ||𝑅
    =−𝛽
    𝑣 𝑅 + 𝛽+1 𝑟 +𝑅

    𝑅 =𝑅

    Figure 7.38 The CE amplifier with an emitter resistance Re; (a) circuit without bias details; (b)
    equivalent circuit with the BJT replaced with its T model.

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 13


    Comparison of CE amplifiers
    CE CE comment
    (Without RE) (With RE)
    Input resistance 𝑅 =𝑟 𝑅 = 𝛽+1 𝑟 +𝑅 Higher with Re
    Input voltage 𝑣 =𝑣 𝑣 =𝑣 1+𝑔 𝑅 Higher with Re
    range
    Gain 𝑟 𝑅 ||𝑅 Lower gain with Re
    − 𝑔 𝑅 ||𝑅 −𝛽
    𝑟 +𝑅 𝑅 + 𝛽+1 𝑟 +𝑅
    Output 𝑅 𝑅 same
    resistance

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 14


    Backup

    Backup

    4/3/2024 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON AT BOTHELL 15


    Characterization of amplifiers
    𝑣
    𝑅 =
    𝑖

    𝑣 𝑅 𝑅
    = 𝐴
    𝑣 𝑅 +𝑅 𝑅 +𝑅

    𝑣
    𝑅 =
    𝑖

    4/3/2024 BEE 332 16

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