LESSON 5 - Introduction To Geography

Definition of Geography
Two Main Branches of Geography
Five Themes of Geography

The word came from the Greek words
"geo" which means Earth and "graphia" which means writing or description.
Thus, the etymology of geography literally means,
"writing about the Earth" or "describing the Earth."
The term was first used by the ancient
Greeks, including the scholar
Eratosthenes, who is often credited
with being the "father of geography"
for his systematic study of the Earth.
Geography is the study of the Earth’s
landscapes, environments, and the
relationships between people and their
environments. It explores both the
physical properties of the Earth’s surface
and the human societies spread across it.
Geography is broadly divided into two main branches: Physical
Geography and Human Geography. These branches focus on different
aspects of the Earth and its inhabitants, but both are interconnected.
The branch of geography that deals with
the study of natural features and
processes of the Earth. It examines the
physical environment and how it
influences life on Earth.
Mountains, valleys, Distribution of
plains, plateaus, and ecosystems and species
other formations of the across different
Earth's surface. environments.
Study of how landscapes

Patterns of temperature,
precipitation, and are shaped by natural
atmospheric conditions. forces like erosion,
tectonics, and volcanism.
Study of water bodies Study of phenomena

such as rivers, lakes, such as earthquakes,
oceans, and their cycles. tsunamis, hurricanes, and
their impact on the Earth.
The branch of geography that focuses on
the study of human societies, their
cultures, economies, and interactions with
the environment. It examines the spatial
aspects of human existence.
Study of population Examines the spatial
distribution, density, distribution of industries,
growth, and migration. resources, trade, and
economic activities.
Study of cultural Study of borders,

practices, languages, geopolitics, and the
religions, and how they relationship between space
spread across regions. and political structures.
Focuses on cities,
Examines the relationships
urbanization processes, and
between social groups and the
human settlement patterns.
spatial structures of society.
Physical Geography focuses on the Physical Geography is closely related
Earth's natural processes and to earth sciences, while Human
features, while Human Geography Geography intersects with social
centers on human activities and their sciences like sociology, economics,
relationship with space. and political science.
The Five Themes of
Geography were developed by
the National Council for
Geographic Education and the
Association of American
Geographers to organize and
simplify the teaching of
geography. These themes help
students understand the world
from a geographical
perspective.
the physical position of people and places on Earth’s surface
The exact position of a place on the Earth's

The position of a place in relation to
surface, often given in terms of latitude and
other places (e.g., "north of the river,"
longitude (e.g., coordinates on a map).
"next to the school").
the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique.
These describe the natural environment; These include built environment and other
descriptions of rivers, climate, mountains, infrastructure, as well as population size and
animal and plant life. density, and other aspects of the place’s culture
include language, religion, and customs
Explores how humans adapt to, modify, and depend on their environment. This includes
how people use natural resources, alter landscapes, and face environmental challenges
(e.g., building dams, farming practices, deforestation).
Humans adapt and modify the environment to

sustain their needs and meet their goals:
clearing land for agriculture, creating dams for
storing and diverting water, and more.
The environment can affect us in many ways.

Pollution sways our decisions to stay in certain
places; climate change may affect disease
patterns and prompt us to take heightened
precautionary health measures, to name a few.
Describes how people, goods, ideas, and
information move from one place to
another. This can include migration, trade
routes, transportation systems, and the
spread of cultures and technologies.
Refers to how areas are grouped based on common physical or human characteristics.
For example, regions may be grouped based on climate or wildlife. In other areas,
regions are grouped by languages, governments, cultures and traditions
Geographers use regions to compare and contrast places and better understand them.
Geography is a vital discipline that helps us
understand the complex relationships
between the Earth and its inhabitants. By
examining both the physical and human
aspects of the world, geography provides
insights into how natural environments
shape human activities and how human
actions, in turn, impact the planet. The five
themes of geography—Location, Place,
Human-Environment Interaction,
Movement, and Region—serve as essential
tools for analyzing these interactions,
allowing us to appreciate the diversity of
landscapes, cultures, and environments
across the globe.

LESSON 5 - Introduction To Geography

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 5 - Introduction To Geography

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 5 - Introduction To Geography

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Definition of Geography

Two Main Branches of Geography

Five Themes of Geography

Study of how landscapes

Study of water bodies Study of phenomena

Study of cultural Study of borders,

The exact position of a place on the Earth's

Humans adapt and modify the environment to

The environment can affect us in many ways.

You might also like