HDEC2000 Manual (Eng D)

Digital Excitation Systems
HDEC 2000 User’s Manual
HYUNDAI HDEC2000
13.21kV Hz: 60.01 ON

468A PF:+0.85 OEL
9095kW ie: 8.69A Pri
AVR: 13.20kV F3
Digital Voltage Regulator
REMOTE
LOCAL LIMIT
POWER ALARM
ESC
ENTER
Electro Electric Systems

HDEC 2000 User Manual Rev. D
Important Notice
The examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes. Because of
many variables and requirements associated with any particular installation, Hyundai Heavy
Industries Co., Ltd cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based on the examples
and diagrams.
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd cannot accept any responsibility for damage incurred as a result
of mishandling the equipment regardless of whether particular reference is made in this instructions
or not.
The availability and design of all features and options are subject to modification without notice.
Should further information be required, contact Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
Reproduction of the contents of this manual, in whole or in part, without permission of Hyundai
Heavy Industries Co., Ltd is prohibited.
Manufacturer’s Address
Electro Electric Systems, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd
http://www.hyundai-elec.co.kr
Headquarters (Rotating Machinery Design Department):

#1, Jeonha-dong, Dong-gu, Ulsan, Korea
Telephone: +82 52 202 6612
Fax : +82 52 202 6995
Seoul Office (Rotating Machinery Sales Department):

Hyundai building, 140-2, Kye-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Korea
Telephone: +82 2 746 7668
Fax : +82 2 746 7646
Service Inquiries: +82 52 202 6671
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd 2 Electro Electric Systems

SAFETY PRECAUTION
GENERAL
Please read the following instructions given in this manual before installation, wiring, configuration
and commissioning.
Please be advised regarding information, direction and etc before use. There are four different
instructions explained in this manual regarding (danger), (caution), (important) and (note).
We use notes of safety considerations throughout this manual when necessary.

This symbol indicates a danger resulting from mechanical forces or high
! DANGER voltage. If not avoided, either death or personal injuries will occur
This symbol indicates a dangerous situation. If not avoided, either
! CAUTION personal injury or damage to the equipment will occur
This symbol indicates useful or critical information for successful

IMPORTANT application and understanding of the product
Note! This symbol indicates useful information or tip for successful application

SAFETY INSTRUCTION
! DANGER
z Before beginning any work, disconnect all power sources and verify that they are de-energized.
Failure of these instructions may result in personal injury, death or equipment damage.
z This equipment must be grounded with no smaller than copper wire with 4mm2 cross section.
The ground terminal is placed on the left side of the unit.
z This equipment operates with dangerous voltages. Never open any cover during operation. It
can lead to death or injury to the persons.
! CAUTION
z To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, only qualified personnel should install, wire,
configure and commission for this equipment and its related components.
z Only specified size of cable and tools must be used for wiring and installation. If not, it causes
damage to the equipment.
z Do not configure while the unit is in normal operate. It causes damage to the equipment or
system.
z The excitation input voltage must be lower than the maximum permissible level. If not, it causes
damage to the equipment.
IMPORTANT
z This manual covers the instruction of HDEC2000 unit for synchronous machine (generator and
motor). However, the generator application may be used for most cases, so, many contents of
this manual is expressed as the term of generator.
Whenever the term generator is used, it is to be understood that it may be replaced by the term
motor, if applicable. Likewise, whenever machine is used, it may be replaced by either generator
or motor, if applicable.

HDEC 20
000 User Ma
anual Rev. D
D
DECLA
ARATIO
ON OF CONFO
C ORMITY
Y
We, the manufactu

m urer,
HYUN NDAI HEAV
VY INDUSTR RIES CO., LTD
1, Jeo
onha-dong,, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 682
2-792, Kore
ea
declare und
der our sole
e responsibility that the
e following product;
p
Product: Digital Excita

ation Controlller
Model: HDEC2000
his declaration relates is

to which th s in conform
mity with the
e following EC directive
es and stand
dards;
Applicable EC Directivees:
Low Voltage
V Direcctive (2006/95/EC)
EMC Directive (20
004/108/EC)
Applicable Standards:
EN 611010-1 (20011, Second ed
dition)
EN 61
1000-6-2 (2005)
1000-6-4 (2007)
EN 61
pecification of the test and

Detailed sp a declared product are
a shown in
n the following test repo
orts;
est (according to LVD):

Safety Te
Test Report
R No.: 10-1333-008
1 7
Issued
d Date: Octo
ober 5, 2010
Test Laboratory:
L K (Korea Testing
KTL T Labo
oratory)
EMC Tesst (according to EMCD):

Test Report
R No.: 10-2351-007
1 6
Issued
d Date: June
e 23, 2010
Test Laboratory:
L K (Korea Testing
KTL T Labo
oratory)
Place: Ulsan, Korea

ate: Novemb
Declared Da ber 15, 2010
Signature:
J.O. Kim / General Ma

anager
Rotating Machinery
M D
Design Depa
artment, Ele
ectro Electric Systems
Hyundai He
eavy Industries Co., Ltd
d 5 Electrro Electric Systems
S
CONTENTS
SAFETY PRECAUTION
General .............................................................................................................................................3
Safety Instruction …………………………………………………………………………………………..4
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ………………………..........................……….………………5
SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................10
Features ..........................................................................................................................................10
System Description .........................................................................................................................12
SECTION 2. INSTALLATION AND HARDWARE

General ...........................................................................................................................................16
Mounting Requirements ..................................................................................................................16
Electrical Connections and Terminal Designation ….......................................................................18
Hardware Configuration …...............................................................................................................27
SECTION 3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Input and Output
Digital Inputs ...............................................................................................................................29
Analog Input and Output ..............................................................................................................34
Digital (Relay) Output ..................................................................................................................38
Peripheral Device ….....................................................................................................................39
Operational Function
Regulation Mode and More ..........................................................................................................39
Controller and Control Gain ....................................................................................................39
FCR Mode ..............................................................................................................................40
AVR Mode ..............................................................................................................................40
VAR Mode ..............................................................................................................................40
PF Mode .................................................................................................................................40
Droop Compensation .............................................................................................................41
Cross Current Compensation .................................................................................................41
Voltage Buildup ......................................................................................................................42
Ready Mode Function ............................................................................................................42
Soft Start Function...................................................................................................................43
Bump-Less Mode Transfer (Internal Tracking) .......................................................................44

Limitation Functions .....................................................................................................................45

Generator Capability Curve ....................................................................................................45
Under Frequency Limiter ........................................................................................................45
Over Excitation Limiter ...........................................................................................................46
Under Excitation Limiter .........................................................................................................48
Stator Current Limiter .............................................................................................................49
Protective Function ......................................................................................................................50
Generator Over Voltage .........................................................................................................51
Generator Under Voltage .......................................................................................................51
Generator Over Current .........................................................................................................51
Exciter Over Current …...........................................................................................................53
Loss of Field ...........................................................................................................................53
Loss of Sensing ......................................................................................................................53
Loss of Power …………….......................................................................................................55
Diode Fault Monitor ……….....................................................................................................55
Output Short Circuit ……….....................................................................................................56
Mode Mismatch …………........................................................................................................56
SECTION 4. CONFIGURATION
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................58
Configuration Procedure .................................................................................................................58
Software Installation and Communication .......................................................................................59
Setup ...............................................................................................................................................60
Configuration Tab ...................................................................................................................61
Generator Tab ........................................................................................................................63
AVR/ FCR Tab .......................................................................................................................65
VAR/ PF Tab ..........................................................................................................................66
Startup/ Auxiliary Tab .............................................................................................................67
Gain Tab .................................................................................................................................68
Digital IO Tab .........................................................................................................................74
Protection Tab ........................................................................................................................75
Limiter Tab .............................................................................................................................77
Monitoring and Control …................................................................................................................78
Menu Navigation .............................................................................................................................81
SECTION 5. USER INTERFACE

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................84
Operation ........................................................................................................................................85
Mode of Operation........................................................................................................................86
Functions of each Component ….................................................................................................86

Display Pages of Monitor Mode ...................................................................................................87
Setup Mode Functions …………..................................................................................................89
SECTION 6. COMMISSIONING
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................92
Commissioning ................................................................................................................................92
SECTION 7. TROUBLE SHOOTING

Introduction …..................................................................................................................................96
Trouble Shooting .............................................................................................................................96
Appendix A. Configuration Parameter ................................................................................99

Appendix B. Mathematical Model ....………………………….............................................106
Appendix C. Specification ………………………………………..........................................115
Revision History …………………………….………………………………………….………120

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SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION
HDEC 2000 is an automatic voltage regulator for excitation control system of synchronous machine. The unit
is designed on the basis of Hyundai’s long period (more than 30 years) experience in design, manufacturing
and testing of synchronous machine together with newest digital signal process techniques.
Besides automatic voltage regulation function, all regulation functions, limiting functions and most of
protective functions for excitation system enable the HDEC 2000 unit to be used in a wide range of
applications. All of these features are achieved by the combination of reliable hardware design and the
optimized software technology.
FEATURES
HDEC 2000 unit has the following features and capabilities.
Control and Regulation Functions

z Four(4) excitation regulation modes
- Automatic voltage regulation mode (AVR mode)
- Manual field current regulation mode (FCR mode)
- Reactive power regulation mode (VAR mode)
- Power factor regulation mode (PF mode)
z Hardware voltage buildup function with no external control power
z Ready mode function for shunt power application with no control power.
z Soft start voltage buildup in AVR and FCR mode
z Secondary soft start function for non-standard application
z Over excitation limiting (OEL) and under excitation limiting (UEL) in AVR, VAR/PF regulation
modes
z On-line and off-line OEL selection depending on generator current
z Stator current limiting (SCL) in AVR, VAR/PF regulation modes
z Standard mode and maximum flux mode under frequency (V/F) limiting
z Bump-less operating mode transfer (internal tracking)
z Auto-tracking between two HDEC 2000 units (master, backup redundant configuration)
- Not activated now
z Parallel operation with reactive droop compensation or cross-current compensation
Protective Functions
z Generator over voltage
z Generator under voltage
z Generator over current (constant time and inverse time)
z Exciter over current (constant time and inverse time)
z Loss of filed (under excitation)
z Loss of sensing

z Loss of power
z Diode fault monitor for open and short rotating diode (DFM)
z Short circuit protection of excitation output (supported by hardware)
z Mode mismatch
Input and Output Interfaces

z No need external control power input basically
z Excitation power input (AC or DC)
z Single phase or three phase true rms generator voltage sensing
z Single phase generator current sensing (1 or 5 amperes nominal)
z Single phase 1A cross current loop input
- No need additional (external) burden resistor and circuit breaker information
z Analog inputs (+/-10Vdc, 4 to 20mAdc or other standard signal) for remote control or PSS
z Seven(7) digital inputs (fixed function)
z Three(3) programmable digital inputs
z PWM excitation output power (rated 15A@60deg.C)

z Three(3) programmable relay outputs
z One(1) watchdog relay output
Monitoring Parameters via Front Panel Display

z Generator voltage
z Generator current and CCC loop current
z Active power
z Frequency
z Power factor and CCC loop power factor
z Excitation current and voltage
z DC link voltage and PWM duty
z Auxiliary analogue input voltage
z Open and short circuit diode ripple
z Excitation on/off information

z Operational limitation messages
z Master, backup (primary, secondary) unit condition
z Active operating mode and setpoint of active operating mode
z All fault conditions
z Firmware version number
Monitoring Item via Front Panel LED

z Processor on/off (controller on/off)
z Local and remote control mode
z Setpoint limitation and operational limiter information

z Alarm/Fault conditions
Communication Port
z RS-232 port for factory setup and site configuration
z CAN port for redundant system (not supported now)
z RS-485 port for remote access (read only now)
Setup Software Capability

z Setup parameter configuration
z Remote control
z Estimation of PID control gains for all regulation and limitation mode
z Real time monitoring
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The key function of HDEC2000 unit is the automatic voltage regulation of synchronous generator through
excitation current control by means of PID (proportional, integral, derivative) control algorithm. To perform it,
the unit provides control software and some different kinds of hardware devices such as PWM IGBT stage,
DIOs, measuring devices (AIs), and communication interfaces etc, and the unit also provides most of
functions required by user’s application. Simplified Overall IO and internal architecture of HDEC2000 unit are
shown in Figure 1-1.
User’s Local Access

HDEC 2000
RS232 (Configuration by HDCM)

User Communication
interface interface CAN (Tracking by Backup Unit)
RS485 (Remote Access)

Control &
DSP
Measuring
(Control Software) Hardware Digital Input (Command & Status)
Digital Output (Alarm & information)

PWM
Auxiliary Input (Remote Setpoint)
Cross Current (Parallel operation)

G E
Control Power (Optional)
Figure 1-1 Simplified Overall IO and internal architecture of HDEC2000
Control Software and Function Blocks

Control Software containing function blocks is the brain or the heart of HDEC2000 unit. The software controls
all of hardware which performs its own task of self diagnosis, measurement, regulation, limitation function,
protective function, monitoring and communication. Control software is an executable codes set and stored in
nonvolatile Flash memory.

The function blocks especially perform major regulation functions and limitation functions, and a part of
control software. The most of function blocks are designed based on excitation system models of IEEE421.5
standard.
Excitation Power Flow

Excitation input power is normally supplied from the excitation transformer connected with generator output
terminals or supplied from a permanent magnet generator (PMG). Some case, excitation input power may be
supplied from external utility. Excitation output power of HDEC2000 unit is supplied to excitation winding of
main machine or exciter machine after rectification and smoothing process through power module (switching
IGBT) controlled by regulation output signal (PWM duty) of software function block of HDEC2000 unit.
Control Power
No external control power is normally required for HDEC2000 unit since the control power is internally
supplied from excitation input power. For few special application, either ac or dc power source may be
supplied externally. Control power is used as driving power of each component in the HDEC2000 unit. See
Section 3 (Functional Description) and Appendix C (Specification) for more detailed information.
Sensing Input and Auxiliary Input

The voltage and current sensing signals for HDEC2000 unit are measured from sensing transformer installed
on generator or generator external cubicle. Both of single phase or three phase voltage sensing configuration
is supported by HDEC2000 unit. In case of current sensing system, single phase sensing is available and
cross current loop sensing is also available. Excitation voltage and excitation current signals are sensed by
measuring device installed internally.
For remote control application by analogue signal, +/-10Vdc, 4 …20mA or other standard signal is available
and the HDEC200 unit also provides the control capability by the analog signal.
Digital Input and Output

Most of control Tasks such as excitation on/off, Auto/Manual and Setpoint Adjust are achieved via digital input
signal. The HDEC2000 unit provides seven digital inputs for predefined functions and three digital inputs for
programmable functions. Digital inputs can be controlled with dry contactor or PLC open collector signal. The
HDEC2000 unit provides three programmable output relays and one watchdog relay also.
Communications
Three communication ports are provided for initial configuration in the factory (or commissioning in site), for
data exchange between HDEC2000 units for redundant system and for remote access. The communication
ports consist of RS232 (COM0), CAN (COM1) and RS485 (COM2) ports.
User Interface

The HDEC2000 unit provides three kinds of user interface devices which consist of front panel LCD display,
LED lamps and key pad (buttons). Most of operating information such as analogue signals, limitation
information and fault events are displayed on the LCD display panel. And the unit also provides the capability
for configuration of important parameters and some useful operational functions.
Configuration and monitoring Software

The Configuration and monitoring software for HDEC2000 unit called HDCM is connected through RS232
communication port on the front panel. The HDCM software provides very useful functions such as parameter
configuration, setpoint adjustment, control gain estimation and real time measurement for factory setup and
site commissioning.


SECTION 2. INSTALLATION AND HARDWARE

GENERAL
This section mainly describes mounting requirement and electrical connection contains hardware
configuration.
The Unit should be unpacked carefully by using of suitable tools without the use of force and the unit should
be inspected visually to check any damage caused during transport.
If any damage is found after unpacking, the complaints for defects resulting from inappropriate transport are
to be addressed immediately to the receiving station or the last carrier.
If the unit is not installed immediately, the unit must be stored at indoor areas which are dry and dust-free
environment.
The unit is visible damaged. The safe operation is not possible. The unit
! CAUTION must not be installed.
MOUNTING REQUIREMENTS
The unit is designed for rack mounting or wall mounting. The unit is installed in mounting place by means of
six mounting holes and screws.
The unit must be installed with the satisfaction of following requirements for safety operation.
z The unit must be installed at indoor areas which are dry and dust-free environment.
z The ambient temperature of installation site must not be exceeded to specification requirement.
z The unit must be mounted vertically for optimum cooling.
z Minimum 100mm free spaces of top and bottom plane are required for enough cooling.
z Minimum 80mm free spaces of left and right plane are required for enough cooling.
z Especially, most of terminal blocks are located on the left plane, wider free spaces must be
considered for the handling of connection tools.
Note!
When wall mounting method is adopted, If HDEC2000 unit is installed on the limited area or if security of
working space is difficult, the HDEC2000 unit may be mounted on left plane of the cubicle. It is helper to
secure handling space for working tool.
Alternative, the door mounting method may be adopted by using of suitable bracket.
The outline dimensions for installation are shown in Figure 2-1.

HYUNDAI HDEC2000
127
304
127
6 × 7.5 DIA
Wall Mounting Hole
155
184
205
6 × M5 TAP (see note 3)

25
50.8 50.8
Door Mounting Tap
175
Notes:
1. Weight = 4.5 kg
2. Dimensions are in mm
3. The earlier version (hardware) does not provide the door mounting taps in bottom and top plane.
Figure 2-3 Outline Dimensions (Front and Bottom View)

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS and TERMINAL DESIGNATION

The HDEC2000 unit provides many kinds of functions. In case of standard application, some or fewer
functions may be used only, so all input and output terminals may not be used. Electrical connection is
depending on system design and application.
Incorrect wiring may result damage to HDEC 2000 unit and system. Wiring must be carefully performed by
qualified personnel.
Even though shield cable using is not forced for all connections, we recommend that user may use shield
cables for all connections to preventing troubles caused by electromagnetic and electrical noise.
Specified shield cable must be used and shield wire must be connected with its own ground terminal for
especially designed signal.
Connections between shield wire and protective earth are depending on policy of signal ground design. User
should follow specified connection guides existed for especially designed signal.
Connections for Communication
RS232 port (Front) connection
RXD 2 2 RXD
TXD 3 3 TXD
GND 5 5 GND
HDEC2000 Com 0 Port Setup Computer Serial Port
Figure 2-2 Front Panel Com-0 Port Cable Connection
The HDEC2000 unit is connected with the configuration device (setup computer) via RS232 (COM0) serial
port (D-sub connector) on the bottom side of front panel. The RS232 port is only used for factory setup and
commissioning purpose. RS232-USB converter may be used if no serial port is present in user’s computer.
Wiring diagram for COM0 port is shown in Figure 2-2. For more information, see section 4 (Configuration).
CAN port (Right panel) connection

The HDEC2000 unit is connected with other HDEC2000 unit via CAN (COM1) port (D-sub connector) on the
bottom side of right panel. The COM1 communication port provides data exchange between two HDEC2000
units for redundant configuration. The Function for redundant configuration is not supported now. Signal
assignment for each pin of COM1 connector is planned later.
Connections for External devices (Left panel Connection)

All of the terminal blocks are on the left plane, and all connections with external system are connected on the
left panel. Applicable kinds of cable and cross sections are listed in Table 2-1 to Table 2-5.

Note!
Two (or one) cross sections for connection cables are listed in each Table (Table 2-1 to Table 2-5).
Two numbers in the cross section column mean the useable cross section range. First number
indicates the minimum cross section and bottom number indicates the maximum cross section.
However, Accepted cross section of connecting cable is depending on the shape, straight
length and the diameter of used connection ferrule.
We strongly recommend that only one cable may be connected with one
! CAUTION terminal, except COM2 (RS485) shield wire terminal. Even though, not
recommended, If user wants to connect two cables with same terminal, the
inserting depth of ferrules, connection looseness and the accepted cross
sectional area of terminal should be considered.
Auxiliary analogue input

Auxiliary input signal provides for remote control of generator voltage or other parameters via analogue signal.
The permissible input range for current terminal is 4 …20mAdc or 0 …20mAdc, and the permissible input
range of voltage terminal is +/-10Vdc or 0 …10Vdc. The shielded cable must be used, and shield wire is
connected on A3 (Labeled GND) terminal, but shield wire is not connected with protective earth.
Table 2-1 Designation of Analogue Input Terminal Block

Cross
Block Number(Label) Function Description and Remark
section
A A1(I+) Auxiliary analogue current positive
A2(I-) Auxiliary analogue current negative
0.75mm2
A3(GND) Auxiliary analogue shield
1.5mm2
A4(V+) Auxiliary analogue voltage positive
A5(V-) Auxiliary analogue voltage negative
A6(E1) Phase A generator voltage sensing
1.0mm2
A7(E2) Phase B generator voltage sensing (omitted for 1-phase sensing)
1.5mm2
A8(E3) Phase C generator voltage sensing
A9(CTC 1AMP) 1.5mm2 Phase B Cross current
2
A10(CTC COM) 2.5mm Phase B Cross current common
B B1(CTB 1AMP) 1A phase B generator current sensing
2.5mm2
B2(CTB 5AMP) 5A phase B generator current sensing (4.0mm2 is recommended)
4.0mm2
B3(CTB COM) Phase B current sensing common
Notes for cross sectional area of CT cables: See Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4 for more information.
2
1) Between cross-current CT (or generator B-phase CT) and user supplied terminal block: 2.5 …4.0mm
2
2) CCC loop wiring (interconnection cable between cubicle to cubicle): 4.0mm
3) Between HDEC2000 unit and user supplied terminal block:
2
z Only one CT (secondary 1Aac) is used for Droop and CCC: 1.5 …2.5 mm
2 2
z Two CTs are used independently: 2.5 …4.0mm for B-phase CT, 1.5 …2.5 mm for CCC CT
z If CCC function is used, this cable should be as shorter as possible.

Generator voltage sensing Input

The HDEC2000 unit supports both single-phase and three-phase voltage sensing system. Three phase
sensing cables of A, B, C phase are connected on A6, A7, A8 (Labeled E1, E2, E3) in consecutive order. In
case of single phase sensing system, A6, A8 (Labeled E1, E3) terminals are used for A-phase and C-phase,
respectively.
Generator current sensing Input

The HDEC2000 unit provides two kinds of current input terminals. Both are connected with current
transformers installed on generator B-phase.
The first one is provided for parallel operation by mean of reactive droop compensation. And the accepted
input current is either 1Aac or 5Aac. The B1 (Labeled 1AMP) terminal is used for 1Aac CT input, the B2
(Labeled 5AMP) terminal is used for 5Aac CT input and the B3 (Labeled COM) terminal is commonly used for
both current range.
A A A
L1 L1 L1
B B B
G1 L2 G2 L2 G3 L2
C C C
L3 L3 L3
2
2.5 … 4.0mm CT Cable 2
4.0mm Loop Cable
DS
2
1.5 …2.5mm AVR Cable
A9 A10 A9 A10 A9 A10

RB RB RB
#1 HDEC 2000 #2 HDEC 2000 #3 HDEC 2000
Notes:
1) Only one point ground is accepted if CCC circuit is grounded.
2) RB: internal burden resistor of HDEC2000 unit for CCC function
3) DS: Optional CCC Disable Switch (CCC function is disabled if this switch is opened)
4) Additional auxiliary contact of generator circuit breaker is not required.
Figure 2-3 Basic Circuit for CCC (Cubicle Installation, CCC Function Only)
The second one is provided for parallel operation by mean of reactive differential compensation (cross current
compensation, normally called CCC). And the accepted input current is maximum 1Aac. The terminals A9
and A10 (Labeled 1AMP, COM) are used.
Especially, the cross section of cables (interconnection cables between user supplied terminal blocks of each
cubicle) for loop wiring should be as large as possible for best accuracy of load sharing. Basic circuit for CCC
is shown in Figure 2-3 for cross current compensation.

If the both input current of reactive droop compensation and cross current compensation are designed with
same 1Aac, only one CT may be used for both reactive droop compensation and cross current compensation.
Figure 2-4 shows typical wiring diagram for CCC with single and two CT(s) respectively.
A A
L1 L1
B B
G2 L2 G2 L2
C C
L3 L3
2 2
2.5 … 4.0mm 2.5 … 4.0mm
From #1 Cubicle To #3 Cubicle From #1 Cubicle To #3 Cubicle
2 2 2 2
1.5 … 2.5mm 1.5 … 2.5mm (*1) 2.5 … 4.0mm 1.5 … 2.5mm (*1)
B1 B3 A9 A10 B2 B3 A9 A10
Droop CCC Droop CCC
Input (1A) Input (1A) Input (5A) Input (1A)
#2 HDEC 2000 #2 HDEC 2000
(*1): This cable should be as shorter as possible (*1): This cable should be as shorter as possible
Figure 2-4 Typical Wiring Diagram for Droop and CCC (Left: Single 1A CT, Right: 5A CT for droop and 1A CT for CCC)
Digital input (Command and Status) and Digital (Relay) output

The HDEC2000 unit provides seven digital inputs for predefined functions and three digital inputs for
programmable functions. And the unit also provides three programmable output relays and one watchdog
relay.
The information for terminal designation of digital input is shown in Table2-2, and information for terminal
designation of output relays is shown in Table 2-3. For more information, see section 3 (Functional
Description).
Table 2-2 Designation of Digital Input Terminal Block

Cross
section
C C1(Stop/Start) Excitation on command
C2(Auto/Manual) Manual select command
C3(RAISE) Setpoint raise command (Momentary contactor)
C3(LOWER) 0.75mm2 Setpoint lower command (Momentary contactor)
2
C5(GCB) 1.5mm Grid circuit breaker status (Normally opened auxiliary contact)
C6(MCB) Machine circuit breaker status (Normally opened auxiliary contact)
C7(AREST) Alarm reset command
C8(PROG-1) Programmable digital input #1

Cross
section
C11(COM) Digital input common,
C12(COM) (C11 and C12 terminal blocks are internally jumped together)
Table 2-3 Designation of Digital (Relay) Output Terminal Block

Cross
section
C C13(RLY-1) Programmable output relay #1
C14(RLY-1)
C15(RLY-1) Programmable output relay #2
2
C16(RLY-2) 0.75mm
C17(RLY-2) 1.5mm2 Programmable output relay #3
C18(RLY-3)
C19(WTCHD) Watchdog relay output
C20(WTCHD)
RS485 communication
HDEC2000
C21 A
SW1
C22 B
C23 C 120 Ω
To other device
C24 A
C25 B
HDEC2000
C21 A
SW1
C22 B
C23 C 120 Ω
C24 A
C25 B
HDEC2000
C21 A
C22 B
SW1
Notes:
C23 C 120 Ω
1) SW1 = Toggle switch for terminating resistor (right panel) C24 A
2) Turn on the switch (SW1) if unit is installed on terminating point C25 B
2
3) Recommended cable: twisted pair shield, 0.75mm
Figure 2-5 Typical RS485 Wiring Diagram

The RS485 port provides for remote access via MODBUSTM protocol. The shielded twist pair cable must be
used for connections between HDEC2000 units and other communication devices. Both shielded wires of
communication link cables must be connected on C23 (Labeled C) terminal together and not connected to
protective earth directly. Terminal designation is shown in Table 2-4 and typical wiring diagram is shown in
Figure 2-5.
If the HDEC2000 unit is installed on the end point of RS485 connections, the toggle switch (SW1) for
terminating resistor may be turned on (closed). In order to turn on the toggle switch for terminating resistor,
push up the lever of the swith-1 (SW1) installed on right panel. If the terminating resistor of other
communication device installed on the opposite end RS485 connections is not matched with HDEC2000 unit,
then open the switch, and install the new terminating resistor on the C24, C25 terminals (Labeled A, C). For
more information of remote access, see separated MODBUS communication manual.
Table 2-4 RS485 Designation of Communication Terminal Block

Cross
section
C C21(A) RS 485 data line A
C22(B) RS 485 data line B
0.75mm2
C23(C) RS 485 shield ground
1.5mm2
C24(A) Same as E21 terminal
C25(B) Same as E22 terminal
Control power
No external control power is required in most application for HDEC2000 unit. If the HDEC2000 unit requires
the external control power, applicable cables and terminals are followed referring to Table2-5. For more
information about the kind(s) of external sources and range, see Appendix C (Specification).
In case of shunt power application, if the residual voltage is too low (e.g. lower
IMPORTANT than 6Vac when measured at excitation input terminals), the external control
power must be supplied for voltage buildup. The pre-excitation power may be
supplied alternative.
Excitation power Input and Output

Three kinds of Excitation input power (Shunt, PMG and external Utility) are available. In case of three phase
source, all three terminals E1, E2, E3 (Labeled A, B, C) are used out of turn. In case of single phase or dc
source is supplied, any two terminals out of three may be used.
Excitation power output of the HDEC2000 unit is connected with excitation winding, F1, F2 (Labeled F+, F-)
terminals are used for Excitation power output. HDEC2000 unit can supply maximum 15Adc through power
module (IGBT) controlled by PWM duty.

The shield cables may be used for both excitation input and output power, however not forced. The shield
wires of both sides and both powers (input and output) must be grounded. Table 2-5 shows terminal
designation and cable cross sections for excitation power.
Chassis Ground
This equipment must be grounded with no smaller than copper

! DANGER wire with 4mm2 cross section. The ground terminal is placed on
the left side of the unit, and the terminal number is G4 (Labeled
GND).
Table 2-5 Designation of Control Power and Excitation Power Terminal Block
Cross
section
D D1(L) 1.0mm2 Control power input Hi
2
D2(N) 1.5mm Control power input Lo
E E1(A) Phase A excitation power input
E2(B) Phase B excitation power input
2
E3(C) 2.5mm Phase C excitation power input
2
E4(GND) 4.0mm Chassis Ground (Must be grounded with protective earth)
F F1(F+) Excitation power output positive
F2(F-) Excitation power output negative
Terminal Block Arrangement and Electric Wiring Diagram

Terminal block arrangement of Left panel is shown in Figure 2-6, and typical wiring diagram of HDEC2000
unit is shown in Figure 2-7.
Be careful of terminal block number, the expression of terminal block number of HDEC2000 unit (this manual)
is followed.
z Terminal block numbers consist of three parts called <Block Character>, <Number> and
<Description Label>
z <Number> is written at the front panel side, and the <Description Label> is written at the rear side
when viewed from left side
z Only <Block Character> and <Number> are written with no space and without <Description Label>,
in normal case… Ex: F2
z Sometimes <Description Label> is written with the character “Labeled” and parenthesis at the end
of terminal number … Ex: F2 (Labeled F-)
Be sure, Figure 2-7 is only for typical wiring diagram. This diagram may be applicable if properly modified
depending on configuration of excitation system and application.

I+ 1
L 1
N 2
D I- 2 A
GND 3
V+ 4
V- 5
A 1 E1 6
E
B 2
E2 7
C 3
E3 8
GND 4
1AMP 9
COM 10
Power 56 - 260Vac, 40 - 400Hz,

20Aac 1 phase or
Input 1AMP 1
13Aac 3 phase
150Vdc
B
Power 5AMP 2
Output 15Adc @60 ℃
Control Power COM 3

60 - 230Vac, 50/60Hz, 50VA
Input or 60 - 125Vdc, 30W
Voltage Sensing 110/ 220/ 460Vac START/STOP 1

Input 50/ 60Hz, @ < 1VA/ phase FCR/AVR 2
Current Sensing 1 or 5Aac, 50/60Hz RAISE 3
C
Input @ < 1VA/phase LOWER 4
CCC Current 1Aac GCB 5
Input 50/60Hz, @ 2VA/phase MCB 6
Accessory +/-10Vdc or 4 - 20mAdc RESET 7
Input
PROG-1 8
Output Contact PROG-2 9
240Vac @10A
Rating
PROG-3 10
COM 11
Manufactured by
COM 12
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd
RLY-1 13
RLY-1 14
RLY-2 15
RLY-2 16
RLY-3 17
F+ 1
F RLY-3 18
F- 2 WTCHD 19
WTCHD 20
A 21
B 22
COM 2
C 23
A 24
B 25
<Block Character> <Number> <Description Label>

Terminal block number: F2 or F2 (Labeled F-)
Notes:
1: The earlier version is marked with 60-120Vac for control power. However, the 230Vac source can be
used without any problems.
Figure 2-6 Left Side View of HDEC2000

A L1
Breaker
Circuit
B L2
SM
C L3
Sensing CT
Cross Current CT
Power Transformer
Sensing VT
A10
B1
B2
B3
A9
A6
A7
A8
E1
E2
E3
E4
F1
F2
1 AMP
5 AMP
1AMP
COM
COM
GND
F+
F-
E1
E2
E3
C
A
B
HDEC 2000
Analog Input Terminals

I+ A1
4 …20mA
I- A2
C13 RLY-1
GND A3
C14 RLY-1
Digital Output Terminals
V+ A4
C15 RLY-2
V- A5
+/-10V
C16 RLY-2
C17 RLY-3 START/STOP C1

C18 RLY-3 AVR/FCR C2
RAISE C3
C19 WTCHD
Digital Input Terminals
LOWER C4
C20 WTCHD
GCB C5
COM0 Front Panel
MCB C6
COM1 Right Panel AREST C7
C21 COM2-A PROG-1 C8

SW1
C22 COM2-B PROG-2 C9
C23 COM2-C PROG-3 C10
C24 COM2-A COM C11
C25 COM2-B COM C12
COM 2 (RS485) Optional

L D1
SW2 (Right Panel) Control Power
N D2 (AC or DC)
Notes:
1: For single phase sensing, use B1 and B3 terminals (omit B2 terminal).
2: For DC or single phase excitation power, use any two out of three terminals (G1, G2, G3).
3: One terminal either C11 or C12 may be used for digital input common.
4. The usable range of control power is 60 …125Vdc or 60 …230Vac, 120Vac is preferred incase of ac source.
5: Normally opened contact (logic) must be connected for GCB and MCB input, if used.
6: SW2 must be closed in case of shunt application without external control power (for other cases, must be opened)
Figure 2-7 Typical Wiring Diagram of HDEC2000

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION (Toggle switch Settings)

The HDEC2000 unit provides two kinds of toggle switches installed on the bottom side of right panel.
The first one selects the connection of termination resistor for RS485 communication.
The second one selects the availability of hardware voltage buildup function.
Toggle Switch 1 (Labeled SW1)

This switch may be turned on, if The HDEC2000 unit installed on the end point of RS485 connections.
Push up the toggle switch lever to turn on this switch. For more information, see RS485 communication part of
this section. If RS485 communication is not used, the configuration of this switch is not necessary.
Toggle Switch 2 (Labeled SW2)

This switch must be turned on, if no external control power is supplied and the excitation input is powered
from the transformer connected with generator terminal (shunt application). Other than shunt application or
other than no external control power, this switch must be opened. Push up the toggle switch lever to turn on
this switch. For more information, see section 3 (Functional description – Voltage buildup).
ON
SW2 (for voltage buildup)
OFF
!! Warning: Turn ON Only for
Shunt power application
with no control power
COM 1 port for CAN communication
ON
SW1 (for RS485 communication)
OFF
Figure 2-8 Right Panel View of HDEC2000


SECTION 3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

This section describes the functional description the heart of this manual.
The simplified hardware function block of HDEC2000 unit is shown in Figure 3-1.
User’s Key input
Excitation ON
Key Pad Memory
FCR Select (Button) Circuit
Raise
Lower Digital
GCB Input
MCB Relay Relay #1 … #3

Digital Output
Reset Watchdog Relay
Signal Processor
Prog. #1 … #3
RS232
ZCD Commu_
nication CAN
Generator Voltage
ADC RS485
Generator Current
Analogue
Cross Current
Input
Front LCD
Auxiliary Voltage
Panel
LED
Auxiliary Current
Power
Excitation Current Module Excitation Output
(IGBT)
Dc Link Voltage
+5V
Control Power Control
(Optional AC or DC) Power +/-15V Rectification
Supply & Excitation Input
+24V Smoothing
Figure 3-1 Simplified Hardware Function Block Diagram of HDEC 2000
INPUT and OUTPUT
Digital Inputs
HDEC2000 unit provides seven digital inputs for pre-defined functions and three digital inputs for
programmable functions. Digital inputs can be controlled by external dry contact or PLC open collector output.
In all cases, the digital inputs should be connected with potential free contact (or switch). Each function of
digital inputs is described below.
Excitation ON (START/STOP) command

This input determines the condition of excitation on (or off). If this input circuit is closed, HEC2000 unit
regulates the excitation power through the power module (IGBT). If this input is opened, the excitation output
power is cut off. Continuous contact should be used for this input command.
Normally, This input may be closed while the prime mover speed is higher than specified value (typically 50
…90% of nominal), If the prime mover speed is lower than specified value, or if the generator heavy fault
signal is activated, this input should be opened.
However, in case of shunt power application (excitation power is supplied from the transformer connected
with generator output terminal) with no external control power and with no excitation input contactor, the
excitation on input may be always closed. Alternatively, in this case, we recommend that the excitation input
contactor may be installed for the protective purpose, and excitation on input channel may be connected with
the auxiliary contact of excitation input contactor instead of external excitation on command. Figure 3-2 shows
the typical schematic diagram of excitation on control for the shunt power application with no control power.
In above case (shunt power application with no control power, and input contactor is installed), we strongly
recommend that the maximum speed for excitation on is less than approximately 70% of nominal to prevent
initial voltage overshoot due to hardware voltage buildup function. See the voltage buildup function for more
information.
Table 3-1 Excitation ON Command Control Logic (Fs: excitation on speed)

Control Excitation Recommended Control Logic Possible Control Logic
Power Power < 10Hz 10Hz …Fs > Fs < 10Hz 10Hz …Fs > Fs
PMG OFF OFF ON OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
Supply Utility OFF OFF ON OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
Shunt OFF OFF ON OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
PMG OFF OFF ON ON, OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
Not
Utility OFF OFF ON OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
Supply
Shunt ON (*1) ON (*1) ON (*1) ON, OFF ON, OFF ON, OFF
1) This table is based on no excitation input contactor and the loss of power function is disabled.
Otherwise, few parts of control logic of this table may be changed.
2) (*1): If excitation input contactor is installed, the control logic is depending on the condition of input contactor.
Excitation
Transformer
Additional Protective Signal
User supplied Control
(e.g. Generator Heavy Fault)

Auxiliary
Contact
User Supplied Contactor (K1)
Excitation ON Signal
A1 E1 E2 E3 C1 C12
K1 Excitation Excitation
P
A2 Input Power ON
HDEC2000
Excitation ON
Figure 3-2 Typical Schematic Diagram for Excitation ON Control

(For shunt power application when no control power is supplied)

Table 3-1 shows the recommended excitation on control logic depending on excitation power and external
control power. However user can modify the control logic depending on application. For more relative or
detailed information, see ready mode function and loss of power function in this section. Or, please contact
Electro Electric Systems - Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., LTD.
Especially, in cases that the loss of power is enabled and the loss of power option is configured with [Reset
soft Start Time], even though it is not recommended, this input can be always closed for simple application.
Manual select command (non Automatic mode)

This input determines the basic regulation mode of HDEC2000 unit. If this input circuit is closed, HDEC2000
unit operates with FCR mode. Otherwise, the unit operates with AVR mode, VAR mode or PF mode
depending on other digital inputs and configuration parameters. Continuous contact should be accepted for
this input command.
FCR mode is prior to all operating modes and functions. In the FCR mode, all limitation functions and some
protective functions are disabled.
Raiser, Lower command

This input(s) adjusts the setpoint (reference) of active operating mode. The raise command increases the
setpoint, and the Lower command decreases the setpoint of active operating mode. These actions are
enabled while the corresponding input circuit is closed. If the setpoint of active operating mode reaches to its
[max Setpoint] or [min Setpoint], these actions are disabled. Momentary contact should be accepted for these
input commands.
The total ramping time which is required to traverse from minimum to maximum setpoint is determined by
[Setpoint Traversing Rate] parameter of active operating mode.
MCB (Machine circuit breaker) status

This digital input channel detects on/off status of the machine (generator) circuit breaker which connects the
generator to the electrical bus or other generators. If this input channel is used, normal-opened auxiliary
contact of generator circuit breaker should be connected.
If this input circuit is closed, HDEC2000 selects either reactive droop compensation or cross current
compensation depending on [CCC Enabled] parameter when the operating mode is not FCR Mode.
If this input circuit is opened, HDEC2000 unit disables both the Droop (droop compensation) and CCC (cross
current compensation) modes.
The MCB status is not essential part of excitation system. Sometimes it can be omitted. If the excitation
system is designed for the generator to be always operated with AVR mode without droop compensation and
without CCC, MCB status input circuit can be always opened.
Otherwise, if the excitation system is designed for the generator to be always operated with AVR mode with
droop compensation, this input circuit can be always closed.

Alternative, if no auxiliary contact of generator circuit breaker is available or user wants to simple hardwire
configuration, the [Virtual MCB] parameter having three options (None, Close, Open) can be used instead of
auxiliary contact of physical circuit breaker. The functions of three options listed below are described. But, to
enable the CCC function, the auxiliary contact of physical circuit breaker is essentially required.
z [None]: MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is determined by the digital input connected with actual
generator circuit breaker
z [Close]: MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is always settled with closed condition.
z [Open]: MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is always settled with opened condition.
GCB (Grid circuit breaker) status

This digital input channel normally detects the on/off status of grid circuit breaker (not machine circuit breaker)
which connects the generator to the infinite power grid (not island grid) in comparison with generator output
rating. If this input channel is used, normal-opened auxiliary contact of grid circuit breaker (or combined logic
status of some circuit breakers) must be connected.
The logical combination of GCB status, MCB status and related configuration parameters select either VAR
mode or PF mode. Table 3-2 shows that the operating-mode selection logic depending on the digital inputs
and configuration parameters.
If MCB and GCB status are closed, and [VAR/PF Mode] is configured with [VAR] or [PF], HDEC2000 unit
operates either VAR mode or PF mode while the FCR mode is not selected. The VAR mode or PF mode is
selected by the setting of [VAR/PF Mode] parameter. Otherwise, HDEC2000 unit operates with AVR mode.
Table 3-2 Regulation mode selection Logic

AVR mode VAR mode PF mode
Operating mode FCR mode No Droop
Droop CCC(*1) Droop Droop
NO CCC
Front panel Droop CCC
FCR mode AVR mode VAR mode PF mode
Display mode mode
Digital input (Command and Status)
FCR select Close Open Open Open Open Open
GCB status - Open Open Open Close Close
MCB status - Open Close Close Close Close
Configuration Parameter Setting
CCC Enabled - - False True - -
VAR/PF mode - - - - VAR(*1) PF(*1)
Note:
(*1): If VAR or PF operating mode is selected, CCC function is disabled. CCC function is only enabled
while AVR mode is selected.

Due to the safety reason, we recommend that this digital input channel may be connected with the logically
combined status of some user’s circuit breakers which determine VAR or PF mode depending on the power
grid configuration.
Programmable #1, #2, #3 input (Command or Status)

HDEC2000 unit provides three programmable input channels for flexible configuration. Any function
pre-defined by HDEC2000 software can be assigned for the programmable digital input channel.
If the input circuit is closed, the assigned function corresponding to its digital input channel is enabled
(activated).The useable functions are listed and described below.
z [None]:
No function is assigned and no action is executed.
z [Preposition]:
If a corresponding input circuit is closed, HDEC2000 unit changes the setpoint of all operating modes (AVR,
FCR, VAR and PF) to the pre-settled [Preposition Setpoint] of each operating mode. This function is useful for
initialization of setpoint adjusted by user or for the application which required the fixed setpoint permanently.
Momentary or continuous contact may be accepted for this function depending on application.
In some cases, this function is used to prevent excessive over voltage when circuit breaker is opened from the
condition that the generator operates with FCR mode, and heavy load.
z [Secondary Unit]:
This function determines that HDEC2000 unit operates with primary (master) or secondary (backup) unit for
redundant application configured with two HDEC2000 units. If a corresponding input circuit is closed,
HDEC2000 unit operates with the secondary unit. The secondary unit always tracks the primary unit via CAN
communication. This function is not supported now, and the revision for this function is planned later.
Continuous contact may be accepted for this function.
z [Local Request]:
HDEC2000 unit can be commanded from three directions via three devices of digital input commands of left
panel (local command), COM0 port (RS232) and COM2 port (RS485, read only now). This function
determines that the local command (physical digital input command) is priority.
If a corresponding input circuit is closed while the HDEC2000 unit is controlled remotely, then the commands
from remote device are disregarded. Momentary contact may be accepted for this function. For more
information about remote access, see separated MODBUS communication manual.
z [Secondary Soft Start]:

This function is used for the special application (e.g. the different two kind’s loads are powered from one
generator at different time). If corresponding input circuit is closed, The HDEC2000 unit controls the voltage
setpoint by using the second soft start parameter set. Even though the status of digital input is changed during

soft starting processing, the changed event is not applied, but it may be applied with next excitation on event.
For more information, see soft start function.
Alarm Reset command

When the input circuit is closed, this input clears the latching status of all fault events of the output relay
assigned for fault event, internal software fault flag, front panel fault messages and fault LED. Momentary
contact may be accepted for this command.
Analog Input and Output

HDEC2000 unit measures nine analogue signals. The seven signals are external inputs and two other signals
are internally measured. The processing procedure of analogue signals is described below.
First, all analogue signals are converted to suitable low level by means of resistive divider, shunt resistor,
current transformer or current sensor. Next, the analogue signals are transmitted to ADC (analogue to digital
converter) through operational amplifiers, analogue filter circuits and MUX (multiplex). Finally, DSP (digital
signal processor) performs quantization, digital filtering and signal conversion for the analogue signals.
HDEC2000 unit performs control and other functions by using of these signals.
The analogue signals measured by HDEC2000 unit are listed below:

z Three phase-to-phase generator voltages (A-B phase, B-C phase, C-A phase, C-A phase).
z Generator B phase current
z Cross current loop input
z Auxiliary voltage input and Auxiliary current input
z Dc link voltage (excitation voltage)
z Excitation current
Generator voltage sensing

This signal is normally measured from sensing voltage transformer installed on generator inside or generator
circuit breaker cubicle.
HDEC2000 unit provides three voltage sensing range (110Vac, 220Vac and 460Vac). HDEC2000 unit
automatically selects voltage measuring range by using the turn ratio of sensing voltage transformer and the
generator nominal voltage.
The unit supports both single phase and three phase sensing system. In case of three phase sensing system,
the average of three phase-phase voltage is obtained for the purpose of regulating. In case of single phase
sensing system, the A-C phase voltage is obtained. We recommend that user designs three phase sensing
system for the more stable (smaller feedback ripple) voltage feedback and the fast regulation response.
The combination of true rms technique and optimum digital filtering technique achieves very stable and fast
control of the generator voltage even though the sensing voltage has very high harmonic component. This
voltage sensing signal is used for most of function as well.

Generator B-phase current sensing

This signal is measured from current transformer having 1A or 5A secondary current. And the current
transformer must be installed on generator B-phase. This signal is used for reactive droop compensation,
VAR/PF control and other functions.
When very big induction motor is started by using only one generator, if the starting current is higher than
approximately 1.5 times of rated generator current and the starting current should be limited lower than proper
level, the current transformer and the current input range of HDEC2000 unit must be considered to prevent
the saturation (or over range) problem of both component.
Cross current loop input

The current signal called cross current loop input for reactive differential compensation (for reactive load
sharing between generators) is measured from the loop circuit consist of some current transformers having
1A secondary current. And the all current transformers must be installed on generator B-phase.
To obtain equal reactive load sharing by cross current compensation, the turn ratio of cross current CTs of all
paralleled generators should be same based on percent output rating of each generator.
The 2Ω burden resistor is installed internally in the HDEC2000 unit for compensating the unequal reactive
power sharing caused by different resistance of interconnection cables. By this reason, no external burden
resistor is required.
Also, the internal auxiliary relay controlled automatically by MCB status is installed in HDEC2000 unit. By this
reason, additional auxiliary contact of generator circuit breaker is not required for the cross current
compensation.
Auxiliary voltage input, Auxiliary current input

Normally, HDEC2000 unit controls the generator voltage (or other controllable parameter depending on
operating mode) by using the setpoint determined by raiser (or lower) input channel. Sometimes, the auxiliary
analogue signal called Auxiliary Input (auxiliary voltage or auxiliary current) adjusts the generator voltage
together with raise and lower commands depending on application.
Two kinds of analog signal can be connected with HDEC2000 unit at the same time. Even though HDEC2000
unit measures both signals simultaneously, HDEC2000 unit controls the generator voltage by using the
converting signal called analog reference, and the analog reference is converted from either auxiliary voltage
or auxiliary current depending on [Aux Input Type] parameter.
After the analog reference is calculated from auxiliary input, the analog reference is multiplied with [AUX Gain]
of each operating mode. And then, the multiplied value (analog reference * Gain) is summed up with the
setpoint of each operating mode depending on [Aux Input Summing Type] parameter. Summed-up values
(analog reference * Gain) are defined as a percentage of rated quantities for all operating modes.

Table 3-3 Auxiliary Analog Input Type

Type Input Range Polarity(*1) Conversion (*2) Type Input Range Polarity(*1) Conversion (*2)
0 +/-10V 5 0 …10V
1 4 …20mA 6 1 …5V
2 0 …10V bipolar -10 …+10 7 4 …20mA Unipolar 0 …+10
3 1 …5V 8 0 …20mA
4 0 …20mA 9 -
(*1) means the polarity of final converted analog reference.
(*2) means the final boundary of analog reference (converted signal from auxiliary voltage or current) when the
input signal is varied from predefined minimum level to maximum level.
The relationship of auxiliary input and configuration parameter are summarized in Table 3-3 and Table 3-4,
and the sample configuration is described below. With below configuration, if the analog input is varied from
-10 to +10V, the generator voltage may be varied in the range of 90 …110% of nominal.
z Operating mode: AVR mode

z AVR mode setpoint: 100% (nominal voltage)
z AVR mode min Setpoint, AVR mode max Setpoint: 90%, 110%
z Aux Input Type = 0: +/-10V (converted with bipolar value)
z Aux Input Summing Type: 0 (inner loop)
z Aux input AVR Gain: 1.0
Table 3-4 Auxiliary Analog Input (Summing Type)

Parameter Setting Value Description
Aux Input 0: inner Loop SPSUMMED is added only with FCR, AVR mode’s setpoint
Summing Type 1: Outer Loop SPSUMMED is added only with VAR, PF mode’s setpoint
2: Both SPSUMMED is added with all four operating mode’s setpoint
SPSUMMED = Analog Reference * Aux Gain
Where: SPSUMMED: The summed value with setpoint of each operating mode in [%]
Defined as percentage of rated quantities for all operating mode.
Analog Reference: The converted signal from the auxiliary input (voltage or current) in Volts
Aux Gain: [Aux Gain] setting of each operating mode (configured by HDCM software), four
configuration parameters are provides for each regulation mode called with [Aux input
FCR Gain], [Aux input AVR Gain], [Aux input VAR Gain], [Aux input PF Gain]
We recommend that the analog signal may be used for auxiliary control only (ex: very narrow band
adjustment for precision control or auxiliary control for synchronization). And it is also recommended that the
analog signal is only used for adjusting the setpoint of one main operating mode (e.g. AVR mode or VAR/PF
mode) to prevent the discordance between the summed setpoint of inactive operating mode and the actual
value of inactive operating mode (e.g. the summed setpoint of FCR mode cannot track the actual excitation
current during AVR mode even though the bump-less mode transfer function is enabled).

If auxiliary signal is supplied from the device such as the similar kind of PLC analogue output card (having
multiple channels), we recommend that isolation signal converter may be used to prevent any influence
caused by other device connected with same PLC card.
Dc link voltage (Excitation voltage)

The DC Link Voltage is internally measured from rectified voltage of excitation input power. This signal is used
for protective function and monitoring purpose. The monitored excitation voltage of the HDCM software is not
value directly measured from excitation output terminal but calculated from dc link voltage by using PWM duty
and voltage drop of power module (IGBT).
Excitation current
This signal is internally measured from output current of power module (IGBT) by using of current sensor
installed in HDEC2000 unit. This signal is used for the excitation current control, over excitation limitation,
protective functions and monitoring purpose.
Excitation power
Three kinds of Excitation input power source (Shunt power, PMG power and External utility) are available.
Three phase ac. source, single phase ac. source, or dc power source is usable and the permissible maximum
voltage is 260Vac or 360Vdc. The input power is rectified and smoothed by capacitor, and then supplied to
excitation winding through the power module (IGBT).
The current ratings of excitation input power source and all other components carrying excitation current are
not calculated from the power rating of HDEC2000 unit, but should be determined from design data of the
generator.
If the excitation input voltage is much higher than the excitation requirement, the dynamic response is
improved but control accuracy or stability may be reduced.
On the other hand if the margin of excitation input voltage is a little bit higher than excitation requirement, the
control accuracy or stability may be improved, but the dynamic response may be very poor. The balance
between dynamic response and control accuracy is the first consideration in the designation of excitation
system (input power). See Appendix C (Specification) for more information.
Control power
HDEC2000 unit does not require the external control power for the most of application. In case of external
control power is supplied depending on application, some consideration may be made. For more information,
see Voltage Buildup function of this section, section 2 (Installation and Hardware) and Appendix C
(Specification).
If excitation system is designed with permanent external control power,
! CAUTION external control power must be supplied to the unit before any generator
operation or excitation input power contactor (or switch …) is closed.

Digital (Relay) Output

HDEC2000 unit provides three programmable output relays and one watchdog relay. The output relays are
controlled by DSP (digital signal processor) and the power rating is 250Vac, 10A.
Even though the current rating of relays is 10A, we strongly recommend that the output relay be used with the
control purpose only for the robustness of overall excitation system.
If the output relay is connected with reactive load (ex: relay coil) in dc circuit, the load should have
freewheeling diode across the load terminals, or the freewheeling diode should be installed externally to
protect the circuit against switching arc.
Programmable Output relay #1 to #3

The output relay#1 to #3 can be assigned for any functions (or events) listed below. When the assigned
function or event is activated, the output relay is also energized and latched (if assigned for fault event). The
logic of each relay contact can be configured with normally opened (NO) or normally closed (NC).
More than one function can be assigned simultaneously for one relay. In this case, the logical combination
(combined with OR logic) determines whether the output relay is energized or not. Assignable fault events (or
functions) are listed below:
z generator over voltage

z generator under voltage
z generator over current
z excitation over current
z loss of field
z loss of sensing
z loss of power
z DFM(diode fault monitor) open diode alarm
z DFM(diode fault monitor) short diode fault
z short circuit excitation output
z excitation on status
z FCR status
z secondary unit status (not supported now)
z local Mode
z mode mismatch
z upper setpoint limitation status
z lower setpoint limitation status
z OEL status
z UEL status
z SCL status
z UFL (V/F limiter) status
Watchdog relay
Watchdog process detects the abnormal software execution. The watchdog process energizes the watchdog
relay when the abnormal software execution is detected, and then its output contact will be closed. The logic
of watchdog relay is normally open. Also, if the abnormal software execution is detected, the excitation power
output is shut downed by HDEC2000 unit to prevent the damages of the generator, system and the
HDEC2000 unit.
In case of critical application, we recommend that the excitation power input be disconnected for overall
system protection if watchdog relay contact is closed
Peripheral Device
Communication and User interface
The communication ports consist of RS232 (COM0), CAN (COM1) and RS485 (COM2) ports. For more
information about communication, see section 4 (Configuration) and separated MODBUS communication
manual.
For Information about User interface, see section 5 (User Interface).
Memory usage and configuration

Three types of memories (Flash memory, RAM and EEPROM) are internally used for HDEC2000 unit
operation. EEPROM stores configuration parameters, and user can access (readable and writable) to this
information via HDCM software. Executable control software code (firmware) is stored in the nonvolatile Flash
memory integrated in the DSP. RAM is used for temporary data storage, and it is also integrated in the DSP.
OPERATIONAL FUNCTION
This section describes control modes, limitation functions and protective functions of HDEC2000 unit. The
helpful technical information is also described for understanding the internal architecture of the unit.
Regulation Mode and More
Controller (Function block) and Control gain

HDEC2000 unit has four regulation (operating) modes called FCR, AVR, VAR and PF mode. One regulation
mode is selected depending on the combination of digital input(s) and configuration parameters.
Each regulation functions are performed by its controller (sometimes called software function block)
containing adjustable control gains, and each controller controls the target parameter such as voltage,
excitation current, reactive power or power factor by using control gains. Thus, the control gain is one of the
major parameters which determine the dynamic (or static) response or steady state stability of generator and
excitation system.
Four major control gains are used for each controller. Some controller has all four control gains or more and
other controller has only two control gains. The simplified description of each control gains are listed below
z Loop Gain KG: scaling gain, determines the overall response

z Proportional Gain KP: Improve transient response

z Integral Gain KI: improve steady state error and recovery speed
z Derivative Gain KD: Improve the steady state stability and initial response
For more detailed information about control gains tuning and controller structure, see section 4 (Configuration)
and Appendix B (Mathematical Models).
FCR mode
FCR regulation mode controls the excitation current by setpoint. HDEC2000 unit measures the excitation
current and compares it with commanded setpoint. And the unit controls the excitation current so that the
excitation current be equal to [FCR Setpoint]. FCR controller is PI (proportional, integral) controller which has
KG, KP, and KI. In the FCR mode, over excitation limiter, stator current limiter, under-excitation limiter and the
under frequency limiter are not enabled.
FCR mode is normally used for commissioning or selected for the application which requires manual control
like test bench system.
AVR mode
AVR regulation mode controls the generator voltage by setpoint. HDEC2000 unit measures the generator
voltage and compares it with commanded setpoint. And the unit controls the excitation current so that the
generator voltage be equal to [AVR Setpoint]. AVR controller is PID (proportional, integral, derivative)
controller which has KG, KP, KI and KD.
In case of the medium or small size generator which is connected with related big power grid (not island grid)
or in case of synchronous motor application, the AVR mode cannot be selected. In which case, the VAR mode
or the PF mode is preferred.
VAR mode
VAR regulation mode controls the reactive power by setpoint. The HDEC2000 unit measures the reactive
power and compares it with commanded setpoint. And the unit controls the excitation current so that the
reactive power be equal to [VAR Setpoint]. VAR controller is PI (proportional, integral) controller which has KG,
KI.
VAR control mode is only prepared in case of small or medium generator which is connected with related big
power grid (not island grid) or in case of synchronous motor application.
PF mode
PF regulation mode controls the power factor by setpoint. The HDEC2000 unit measures the power factor and
compares it with commanded setpoint. And the unit controls the excitation current so that the power factor be
equal to [PF Setpoint]. PF controller is PI (proportional, integral) controller which has KG, KI
PF control mode is only prepared in case of small or medium generator which is connected with related big
power grid (not island grid) or in case of synchronous motor application.

Droop compensation (reactive current compensation)

Droop compensation provides the reactive load sharing if generator operates in parallel with other generator(s)
or power grid. HDEC2000 unit adjusts (compensates) the measured generator sensing voltage depending on
the calculated reactive current. Compensated voltage feedback (internally applicable sensing voltage for AVR
function block) is calculated with simplified below formula.
UC = UG + (iG IMAGE * 0.01 * Reactive Droop Compensation)
Where: UC is the compensated sensing voltage applied to AVR function block (controller)
UG is the measured (sensed) generator voltage
iG IMAGE is the calculated reactive current from measured value:
- positive sign: over excitation, negative sign: under excitation
Reactive Droop Compensation: configuration parameter in percent
According to above formula, the compensated feedback (sensing) voltage is increased if reactive power
increases. HDEC2000 unit reduces generator voltage as a result of feedback voltage increasing. This means
that higher reactive power causes more generator voltage drop and lower reactive power causes the less
generator voltage drop. So, the reactive load sharing is possible by droop compensation, because the
reactive power is proportional to the generator voltage.
CCC (Cross current compensation or Reactive differential compensation)

Cross current compensation provides the reactive load sharing when the generator operates in parallel with
other generator or power grid (not huge grid but island grid consist of some or few generators).
CCC function detects (senses) the residual unbalanced current in the CCC loop. And HDEC2000 unit
internally adjusts (compensates) the measured generator sensing voltage depending on CCC loop current by
mean of same manner described above (in the droop compensation part)
Compared with droop compensation, this function has a few features such as no (or fewer) voltage drop and
automatic correction of unequal reactive power caused by unequal droop or unequal droop characteristic.
But in case that the system requires high grade reliability and independence between each generator’s
excitation system and it is important issue, the cross current compensation is not recommended because of
complexity of system configuration.
If CCC function is enabled, the disconnected CCC input cable must be
! CAUTION isolated with each other when HDEC2000 unit is repaired (or replaced). Or,
install the optional CCC disable switch. If not so, the unequal reactive load
sharing may be caused. … See Figure 2-5
Other manufacturer supports the reactive load sharing through communication link.
However, in this case, if one generator (or regulator) is in fault, disconnection of communication cable can
cause the breakdown of reactive load sharing. So HDEC2000 unit does not support reactive load sharing via
communication link. In case of hardwire cross current compensation, the compensation mode is automatically
transferred to droop compensation mode even though cross current loop is broken because the faulted

regulator is removed (CCC loop cable is disconnected). But in this case, [Reactive Droop] parameter is
applied instead of [CCC Droop] parameter.
Voltage buildup
Most functions of HDEC2000 unit are digitally controlled. But few functions are realized by hardware device
(by analogue circuit only). Voltage buildup function is one of these functions realized by hardware device.
In case of shunt power application, the residual generator voltage is very low (typically 4 …15% depending on
the exciter machine’s design). If no control power is supplied to the internal control circuits of voltage regulator,
the power module (switching semiconductor, IGBT) of voltage regulator cannot be turned on. This leads that
the generator voltage never increases to its desired value in normal case.
HDEC2000 unit provides the voltage buildup function without external control power for shunt power
application.
Even though the excitation input power is very low (typically single phase 6Vac), the hardware buildup circuit
of HDEC2000 unit can turn on the power module (IGBT), this leads that the generator voltage increases from
very low residual voltage to its nominal voltage. This function is automatically disabled by DSP (digital signal
processor) when the DSP booting process is completed. The hardware voltage buildup function has very
useful advantages in case of shunt application without external control power. For enabling the hardware
voltage buildup function, toggle switch 2 (Labeled SW2) installed on the right panel of the unit must be closed
(turned ON). For other cases (with external control power or non shunt excitation power), the toggle switch
SW2 must be opened.
Hardware voltage buildup function is not always guaranteed. In case of shunt
IMPORTANT application, if the residual voltage is too low (e.g. approximately lower than 6Vac
when measured at excitation input terminals), the external control power should
be supplied for voltage buildup, or the pre-excitation circuit must be applied
during startup.
Ready mode function

In case of shunt power application with no external control power, if the excitation on command circuit is
opened while prime mover operated with nominal speed, large generator voltage fluctuation (approximately
15 to 50% depending on the turn-ratio of excitation transformer) may be occurred by hardware voltage buildup
function (due to the continuous repetition process of voltage coast-down, DSP power-down, hardware voltage
buildup and DSP power-up).
To prevent this voltage fluctuation and to maintain power up condition of HDEC2000 unit, HDEC2000 unit
controls the generator voltage with very low level (approximately 15 …20%) of nominal value depending on
the turn ration of excitation transformer. This function is called with ready mode function.
If user wants minimum (residual) induced voltage at nominal speed operation with excitation off status, the
excitation power input contactor (switch) should be installed and it should be turned off. It is the best solution
in case of shunt power application (with no control power) for safety.

Soft start function

The soft start function leads the generator voltage buildup to the nominal setpoint voltage with minimal
overshoot for the desired (configured) time from excitation on event. When excitation on command is detected,
after the time delay corresponding [Soft Start Delay] time, The HDEC2000 unit linearly adjusts [AVR Setpoint]
from [Soft Start Level] to [AVR Mode Setpoint] through [Soft Start Time].
Typical setpoint change by soft start function is shown in Figure3-3. In case that the generator speed does not
reach to nominal value within [Soft Start Time], the generator setpoint is limited by under frequency limiting
function. The typical setpoint change is shown in Figure in Figure 3-4. Soft start function is enabled in FCR
mode also. In this case, HDEC2000 unit adjusts [FCR Setpoint].
Buildup Detect Zone

`
100% Speed
100%
Nominal
Setpoint Adjustment
Setpoint
Setpoint Adjustment
Under Frequency
Limit
Soft Start Level

Soft Start Level
Soft Start Soft Start Time

Time
Delay Soft Start time Delay Soft Start time
Figure 3-3 Soft Start Function Figure 3-4 Soft Start Function with Long startup time
Some cases, non-standard configuration is required for special application (if one generator is designed to
service for two loads having different property. However, only one load is connected at one time).
z Case 1: The generator operates with the conventional load. The maximum load is less than the
generator nominal rating and the instantaneous over load (current) is not required.
z Case 2: Only one generator operates with one induction motor. The nominal load is less than generator
nominal rating, but the starting capacity of induction motor is almost 4 … 5 times of generator rating.
In this case, only one fixed soft start function (configuration) is enough for any one load, but not sufficient to
satisfy for both applications.
HDEC2000 unit provides the second soft start parameter set called [Soft Start Level 2] and [Soft Start Time 2]
for second case load. These two parameters are used instead of [Soft Start Level] and [Soft Start Time] when
the programmable digital input is assigned with [Secondary Soft Start] and corresponding digital input circuit
is closed.
The sample configuration is listed below if the second soft start function is assigned for the load
corresponding to case-2 described above.
z [Soft Start Level 2]: = ULR + UC + UD + UCM

z [Soft Start Delay]: TST + TSD

z [Soft Start Time 2]: typically 1 … 5sec, depending on the [Soft Start Level 2]
z [Buildup Detect Zone]: typically 0% or 3 … 5%
- If the generator voltage is reached to this zone during motor starting, the voltage setpoint is
jumped up to the nominal value even though the soft start processing is not completed. This
function is used to prevent big voltage swing after the motor starting is completed. If this
parameter is zero, this function is disabled.
z [SCL Hi Level]: target starting (limiting) current of induction motor … stator current limiter function
z [SCL Hi Time]: TST + TSM … See stator current limiter function
Where
ULR: locked rotor voltage corresponding to target starting current in percent
UC: voltage drop of power cable during starting, typically 2 …4%
UD: 0.95 * [Reactive Droop compensation] * target starting current in percent … see droop compensation
UCM: control margin, typically 5%
TST: expected starting time in seconds
TSD: starting delay (margin) time, typically 3 …5s
TSM: safety margin for generator protection, typically 1 … 2s but depending on generator temperature rise
margin and starting current, typically TSM <= TSD
Bump-less mode transfer (Internal tracking) function

Bump-less mode transfer (sometimes called internal tracking) function minimizes the impact or fluctuation of
system parameter (e.g. voltage) when switching from one operating mode to another operating mode.
When the operating mode transferred from AVR mode to FCR mode:
The FCR setpoint is continually updated by actual value (excitation current) during AVR mode and the
control output (PWM duty) of FCR mode is determined from the value of AVR control output when the
operating mode is transferred from AVR mode to FCR mode.
However, after the operating mode is changed, the setpoint of active operating (FCR) mode is gradually
changed to the memorized (and smoothed) excitation current before [Internal Tracking Delay Time] from
mode transfer event through [Internal Tracking Traversing Rate].
If too shorter [Internal Tracking Delay Time] is configured, and the operating condition is unstable when
operating mode is transferred, the excitation current shall be not backed to desired steady level.
If too longer [Internal Tracking Delay Time] is configured, the excitation current is returned to the much
older level. In second case, the new control parameter is not related with recent value.
When the operating mode transferred from FCR mode to AVR mode:
Oppositely, the setpoint of AVR mode is continually updated by actual value (generator voltage) during
FCR mode and the control output of AVR mode is determined from the value of FCR control output when
the operating mode is changed. And the return procedure of AVR mode setpoint is same as above
explanation.

By the similar way, HDEC2000 unit provides bump-less mode transfer function between any operating modes
as well.
Below four options are used for bump-less mode transfer function.
z Disabled: internal tracking function is not used.
z Auto Manual Only: internal tracking function is available between Auto operating mode (AVR, VAR or
PF mode) and FCR operating mode. However the internal tracking function between each Auto
operating mode is not available.
z From VAR/PF to AVR: this option basically supports [Auto Manual Only] option. Additionally, the internal
tracking function is available when the operating mode is transferred to AVR mode from VAR/PF mode.
However the opposite case is not available.
z All Mode: internal tracking function is available between any operating mode without regard to the
direction of mode transfer.
Limitation Functions
Different types of limitation functions of HDEC 2000 unit are provided for generator protection from abnormal
operation condition. This section described the limitation functions.
Generator capability curve

+ Over Excitation
The generator capability curve graphically region
Over Excitation
illustrates the safe operation region without Limitation
Safe operating
any damage caused from abnormal
region Stator Current
operation conditions in the P-Q (active and Limitation
reactive power) plane. HDEC2000 unit Drive Power
Reactive Power
provides all limitation functions for φ Limitation

+
synchronous machine. A typical Active Power
synchronous machine capability curve is Stability
Limitation
shown in the Figure 3-5.
Minimum Excitation
Limitation
Under frequency limiter (V/F or UFL)
Under frequency limiting function provides
Under Excitation
for preventing the overheating caused by region
-
excessive magnetic flux (over excitation Figure 3-5 Typical Generator Capability Curve in the P-Q Plane
current) in the low frequency range, and
provides for reducing the mechanical impact when large resistive load is suddenly applied. Under frequency
limiting function is disabled in the FCR mode and also disabled if generator frequency is below than 10Hz.
HDCE2000 unit provides standard mode under frequency liming [Std UFL] and maximum flux mode under
frequency limiting [Max Flux UFL] function. [Std UFL] is widely applicable for general application and provides
two purpose of above. [Max Flux UFL] is very useful in case that wide generator voltage adjustable range is
required (e.g. test bench application).

z Standard mode Under Frequency Limiter (Std UFL)

The [Std UFL] automatically reduces the voltage setpoint proportional to the dropped frequency when the
generator frequency drops down lower than the [Under Frequency Corner Frequency]. The [Under Frequency
Corner Frequency] is configured with typically 95% of nominal. The setpoint reduction rate is determined by
[Under Frequency Slope (or V/Hz ratio)]. Generator voltage is more rapidly decreased if this parameter is
increased. Typical standard mode under frequency limiting function is shown in Figure 3-6.
Corner Frequency Corner Frequency

100% 100%
Generator Voltage
Generator Voltage
10Hz Frequency 60Hz Frequency

10Hz 60Hz
Figure 3-6 Standard mode V/F Limiting (Left: V/Hz slope varied, Right: Setpoint varied)
z Maximum Flux mode Under Frequency Limiter (Max Flux UFL)

The [Max Flux UFL] reduces the voltage setpoint
Corner Frequency by similar manner as [Std UFL]. In this case, the
voltage setpoint is not reduced automatically
Maximum setpoint
100% when the generator frequency drops down than
the [Under Frequency Corner Frequency], but
limited when the voltage setpoint is higher than
Generator Voltage
the pre-calculated limiting level determined by

[AVR mode max Setpoint]. The [Under
Frequency Corner Frequency] and the [Under
Operational (Allowable) region
Frequency Slope] are used commonly with [Std
10Hz Frequency 60Hz UFL]. Typical maximum flux mode under
Figure 3-7 Maximum Flux Mode V/Hz Limiting frequency limiting function is shown in Figure
(Setpoint varied) 3-7
Over Excitation Limiter (OEL)

Over-excitation limiting (OEL) function operates in order to prevent the overheating when the excitation
current exceeds the safe level. Or, OEL operates in order to prevent the over voltage with no load operating
condition. OEL function can be always enabled in any operating mode except the FCR operating mode. If the
excitation current exceeds the limiting level by any reason, the excitation current is limited below than the
configured level.

Three kinds of OELs, Off-Line OEL, On-Line OEL and Default-OEL are defined. One kind of OEL is selected
by logical combination of digital inputs and configuration parameters. Table 3-5 shows the relationship
between OEL mode and others (digital inputs, configuration parameters setting, stator current).
Table 3-5 OEL mode selection Logic

Selected OEL OEL GCB MCB
Generator Current
OEL mode Enabled Option status status
True GCB or MCB Open Open -
Off Line True GCB Open - -
True Dynamic - - Up to 5% of nominal
True GCB or MCB - Close -
True GCB or MCB Close - -
On Line True GCB Close - -
True Dynamic - - Higher than 5% of nominal
True On-Line - - -
Default False - - - -
Note: OEL function is enabled when operating mode is not FCR mode.
z On-Line OEL
OSC of OEL function verification @FCR – AVR mode
Hi Level
Generator
Voltage
Mid Level
Low Level
Excitation Hi Mid
Current Time Continuous
Time
Time [s]
Figure 3-8 On-Line Over Excitation Limiting
Three kinds of current level, [Hi level], [Mid level] and [Low level] are used for limiting the excitation current.
The excitation current level corresponding to the [Hi level] and [Mid level] is only allowable during the time
configured as [Hi Time] and [Mid time] parameters. The [Low level] excitation current can be accepted
continuously.
Generally, [Hi level] is used for limiting the short circuit supporting excitation current or initial high excitation
current on special application (e.g. the system consisted of one generator and one induction motor only). [Mid
level] is used for limiting the current when the instantaneous over load may be allowed. [Low level] is used for
continuous thermal protection of excitation winding. The OEL level should be configured by considering both

the generator thermal capability and application requirement. Figure 3-8 shows typical On-Line OEL function
through test result.
z Off-Line OEL
Two kinds of current levels, [Hi level] and [Low level] are used for limiting the excitation current under no load
condition. [Hi level] current is only allowable during the time configured as [Hi time] parameter. [Low level]
current can be accepted continuously. Generally, [Hi level] is used to prevent the instantaneous over
excitation at no load and [Low level] can be configured by considering the continuous over voltage capability
of generator. Figure 3-9 shows typical characteristics of Off-Line OEL function.
z Default-OEL
Hi Level Default-OEL is used for protecting the HDEC2000 unit but
Excitation Current
not for generator protection when the OEL function is

disabled. Default-OEL is controlled by three levels of
Low Level current and two levels of limiting time similar with On-Line
Hi OEL. The internally predefined values are [Hi Level = 30A],
Time Continuous
[Hi time = 10s], [Mid Level = 20A], [Mid time = 5s] and [Low
Time Level = 15A].
Figure 3-9 Off-Line Over Excitation Limiting
Under Excitation Limiter (UEL)

Under-excitation limiting (UEL) function is used for preventing the loss of synchronization and excessive
end-core heating when the generator connected with power grid and operated with under excitation region
(reactive power is absorbed from grid).
HDEC200 unit measures the generator reactive power. If measured reactive power is less than the configured
or calculated reactive power, the excitation current is increased by HDEC200 unit in order to be out of the
unstable operating status. UEL function can be always enabled on any operating mode except the FCR mode.
Two kinds of UEL are defined and the one is selected by [UEL Curve Type] parameter.
z Circular UEL
When the circle type UEL is selected, HDEC2000 unit automatically calculates the limiting level based on the
[UEL Circular Reactive Power] parameter and the present measured active power. The calculated value is
used as UEL reference power. [UEL Circular Reactive Power] parameter is defined based on the safe
maximum (permissible) reactive power absorbed from network when no active power (power factor = 0) is
present. Figure 3-10 shows typical circle type UEL curve.
z Segment UEL
When the segment UEL is selected, HDEC2000 unit interpolates the limiting level based on the five points of
active and reactive power level configured by user. The interpolated level is used as UEL reference power.
The five coordinate values are configured as the [UEL Segment Real power 1 … 5] and [UEL Segment

Reactive power 1 … 5] parameters. With this method, the more precise setting is possible rather than circle
UEL. Typical segment UEL curve is shown in Figure 3-11
+ Q [pu] + Q [pu] Active Power +P [pu]

Active Power +P [pu]
0 0
5
Reactive Power
Reactive Power
4
UEL Circular
UEL Segment
Reactive Power 3 Reactive Power 1
2
1
- Q [pu] - Q [pu]
Figure 3-10 Circular UEL Curve Figure 3-11 Segment UEL Curve
Stator current Limiter (SCL)

Generally, stator current limiting (SCL) function provides for preventing the overheating of stator winding
caused from the higher current than safe level. Sometimes, this function can be used for limiting the starting
current of special application (e.g. the system consisted with one generator and one induction machine only).
OSC of Stator Current Limiting @FCR – AVR mode
Hi Level
Stator
Current
Hi Time
Low Level
Excitation
Current
FCR mode AVR mode
Figure 3-12 Typical Chart Record of SCL function
If the reactive power is less than the minimum configured level calculated from [SCL Accept PF] parameter or
the generator is operated with under excitation condition, the SCL controller disregards the excessive current
even though the stator current exceeds the limitation level. In case of permanent single operation (not
paralleled), if the generator is operated with passive load such as lighting load and the setting level of [SCL
Accept PF] parameter is higher than 0.97, the SCL controller disregards the under excitation condition ( or the
less reactive power condition).
Two kinds of current levels, [Hi level] and [Low level] are used for the control of SCL. [Hi level] current is only
allowable during the time configured as [Hi time] parameter, and [Low level] current can be accepted

continuously. Normally, [High Level] is used for limiting the initial inrush current of induction motor and
momentary over-load, [Low Level] is used for continuous thermal protection.
Figure 3-12 is the typical chart record of SCL function:

The operating mode is transferred to AVR mode from FCR mode with generator voltage lower than [AVR
setpoint], at the moment of mode transferred, because of lower generator voltage, the excitation current
(PWM duty) goes to full range. But the excitation current is reduced immediately by SCL function. So, the
stator current can be limited up to the configured limiting level.
Protective Functions
HDEC2000 unit provides ten protective functions listed below.
z Generator over voltage
z Generator under voltage
z Generator over current
z Exciter over current
z Loss of filed (under excitation)
z Loss of sensing
z Loss of power
z Diode Fault Monitor for open and short rotating diode status (DFM)
z Excitation output short circuit protection (hardware support)
z Mode mismatch
The protective functions of HDEC 2000 unit are designed to provide a high degree of reliability and accuracy,
but few protective functions are not successful for critical primary protective function (e.g. generator over
current) due to measuring range (or saturation problem) of measuring hardware. The reason is described
below.
Internal measuring devices (ex: current sensor) are designed for optimum operation of generator voltage (or
excitation current, reactive power …) regulation because the core function of HDEC2000 unit is regulation. By
this reason, we recommend that few protective functions corresponding to this kind are used for secondary
protection in conjunction with a primary protective system.
Normally, a fault event is activated when the generator operating condition exceeds the setting level of each
protective function and the operating condition is not returned to normal operating condition within the delay
(configured or calculated) time. Each fault event can be indicated on the front panel display and remotely
through Com0 or Com2 communication ports.
When any fault event is activated, internal software fault flag, front panel fault message and output relay (if
fault event is assigned for that relay) are latched until the fault event is inactivated and reset command is
activated. Additionally, all fault events can be assigned for any output relays (#1 relay to #3 relay).
Detailed information is described below for each protective function.

Generator Over-voltage (GEN. OV)

When generator voltage rises above the predefined setting level and is maintained for duration of predefined
over voltage delay time, the generator over voltage fault is activated.
Generator Under-voltage (GEN. UV)

When generator voltage falls below the predefined setting level and is maintained for duration of predefined
under voltage delay time, the generator under voltage fault is activated. The generator under voltage fault
function is disabled during [Soft Start time].
Generator Over-Current (GEN. OC)

HDEC2000 unit provides three types of generator over current (GEN. OC) protective function which called
[Constant Time], [Standard Inverse Time] and [Preload Inverse Time]. The last two types of over current
protective functions are very similar together, but [Constant Time] over current protective function is some
different.
z Constant Time GEN. OC

This type of GEN. OC operates as fully same manner of GEN. OV protective function. When generator
current rises above the predefined setting level [Gen. Constant OC Level] and is maintained for duration of
predefined delay time [Gen. Over Current Delay], the generator over current fault is activated.
Do not use HDEC 2000 unit for primary over current protective device of
! CAUTION overall system.

Due to the measuring range of the hardware of HDEC2000 unit and
generator sensing current transformer, it can be only used for thermal
protective purpose with low fault current range (ex: up to 170% of nominal).
z Standard Inverse Time GEN. OC and Preload Inverse Time GEN. OC

These two types of GEN. OC functions are designed based on generator thermal model as per IEC255-8
standard. When generator current rises above the predefined safe operation level and is maintained for
duration of calculated delay time which has inverse characteristic (function) for square of generator current,
the generator over current fault is activated.
The tripping time is not pre-determined value but the calculated value from present (varied) generator current,
predefined over-current delay and predefined preload current based on equivalent temperature rise. This
tripping time is always varied depending on the generator current variation. This means that the relative
higher generator current leads shorter tripping time when compared with relative lower generator current.
Three configuration parameters [Gen. Inverse OC Level], [Gen. Inverse OC Preload] and [Gen. Over Current
Delay] determine the tripping time with measured generator current. Each configuration parameter is
described below.
z Gen. Inverse OC Level: means the safe operation current without thermal damage in percent base of
generator rated current, but not means the dangerous tripping current level.

z Gen. Inverse OC Preload: means the equivalent preload current level corresponding to winding
temperature before operation in percent base of [Gen. Inverse OC Level].
z Gen. Over Current Delay: means the tripping time based on 150% fault current, 90% preload current.
But actual tripping time (fault event activating time) is depending on measured generator current and
preload current
10000
1000
800s
600s
Tripping Time [s]
400s
100 200s
Trip Delay Setting

100s
50s
20s
10
10s
5s
2s
1
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Fault Current [pu] based on Inverse OC level
Figure 3-13 Over-Current Tripping Time VS Fault Current with preload 90%
Generator over current tripping time Ttrip can be calculated by using below formula.
Ttrip = Tc * Ln { (IG2 - IP2) / (IG2 – 1) } in seconds
Where: TC is the calculated time constant from [Gen. Over Current Delay] parameter
= 7.2 * [Gen. Over Current Delay] in seconds
IG is the measured generator current in per-unit based on [Gen. Inverse OC Level]
IP is the configured preload current [GEN. Inverse Preload] in per-unit based on [Gen. Inverse OC Level]
The unique difference between [Standard Inverse Time GEN. OC] and [Preload Inverse Time GEN. OC] is the
processing method of minimum generator current considering the difference time between heating time
constant and cooling time constant.
In case of [Preload Inverse Time GEN. OC], even though the generator current is below the preload current,
Software of HDEC2000 unit perceives that the generator current is still preload current (minimum generator
current). However, the [Standard Inverse Time GEN. OC] always perceives the actual generator current.

If user wants to configure conservative over current protective function, [Preload Inverse Time GEN. OC] may
be selected. Figure 3-13 and Figure 3-14 shows the relationship between tripping time and fault current with
the fixed preload 90% and the fixed 20s tripping delay time respectively.
1000
Preload [pu] based on Inverse OC level

Tripping Time [s]
100
0.0
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9
10
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Fault Current [pu] based on Inverse OC level
Figure 3-14 Over-Current Tripping Time VS Fault Current with trip delay 20s
Exciter over current (EXC. OC)

HDEC2000 unit provides three types of exciter over current (EXC. OC) protective functions which called
[Constant Time], [Standard Inverse Time] and [Preload Inverse Time]. All three types of exciter over current
functions are operates by the entirely same manner as GEN. OC protective function.
However, preload (corresponding to [Gen. Inverse OC Preload] of Gen. OC function) parameter is fixed with
70% level and the exciter over current fault event is activated when excitation current rises above predefined
safe level instead of generator current. Others are the same as GEN. OC. Figure 3-13, Figure 3-14 and
calculation formula for tripping time are also used for EXC. OC configuration.
Loss of field current (under excitation)

If reactive power falls (this means that the sign of reactive is minus, absorbed reactive power rises) below the
predefined setting level and is maintained for duration of predefined delay time, the generator loss of field fault
is activated.
Loss of sensing
The loss of sensing detection is very critical algorithm. Also it is some complex to realize. So, only one or two
operating information never simply determine the loss of sensing fault. Below operating conditions are used
for determining the loss of sensing fault.
(a) Excitation current is higher than 105 % of predefined no load excitation current.

(b) Any phase-phase voltage difference is more than [Loss of Sensing Unbalanced Level].
- This condition is applicable for three phase sensing system only.
(c) The averaged (in case of three phase sensing) generator voltage falls below the [Loss of Sensing
Balanced Level].
(d) Dc link voltage is higher than 30% of predefined [Dc Link Voltage].
(e) Generator current is lower than 3% or MCB status is open (this means no load condition).
- If [Virtual MCB] option is [Close] or [Open], The MCB status logic is disregard.
(f) Generator current is lower than 145% of nominal value.
(g) Generator voltage rises above 95% of nominal value.
If generator operating condition meets any one (logic 1 to logic 5) of logical combinations of Table 3-6 and the
condition is maintained for duration of pre-settled delay time, a loss of sensing fault is activated.
Table 3-6 Loss of sensing Logic

Status Logic 1 Logic 2 Logic 3 Logic 4 Logic 5 (*1)
excitation power Shunt Shunt PMG PMG PMG
(a) True True True True True
(b) True - True - -
(c) - True - True True
(d) - True - - -
(e) - - - True -
(f) - - - - True
Notes
z (*1): Logic 5 only can be activated after the item (g) is trigged.
z In the FCR mode or during soft start time, Loss of sensing fault is not enabled
If loss of sensing fault is occurred, four optional protective actions called [None], [Transfer to FCR], [Fixed
PWM] and [Shutdown] are available. The protective option is configured by [Loss of Sensing Option]
parameter and each protective action is described below:
z None: no protective option is assigned.

z Transfer to FCR: when a loss of sensing fault is detected, the operating mode is automatically
transferred to FCR mode.
z Fixed PWM: when a loss of sensing fault is detected, the operating mode is automatically transferred to
FCR mode. And the excitation current setpoint is adjusted to 80% of no load excitation current. This
protective action serves with no load operating condition only. If loss of sensing option is specified with
[Fixed PWM] and [MCB status] is closed, then HDEC2000 unit serves [Transfer to FCR] protective
action.
z Shutdown: normally, when a loss of sensing fault is detected, the control output (PWM duty of IGBT) is
immediately downed to zero and the excitation on command is disregarded (this means that the
HDEC2000 unit is stopped). However, in case of shunt application with no control power, the control
output is downed to approximately 30% of no load excitation current to prevent the repeated fluctuation
of generator voltage due to the hardware voltage buildup function.

To clear this fault, close the alarm reset digital input channel after the sensing circuit failure is corrected while
internal control power is activated (in case of shunt application without external control power, close the alarm
reset digital input while the generator voltage is approximately 30% …50% of rated after the prime mover is
started).
Loss of power
When generator operating status meets all of below conditions and the condition is maintained for duration of
pre-settled [Loss of Power Delay Time], loss of power fault is activated. During [Soft start time], loss of power
fault is not enabled. loss of power fault is not latched.
(a) [Control Power Source] = [External]
(b) [Excitation Source] = [Shunt] or [PMG]
(c) Generator frequency is lower than 10Hz
(d) Dc link voltage is lower than [Loss of Power Level]
(e) Generator voltage and generator current are lower than 4% of nominal
(f) Excitation current is lower than 15 % of predefined no load excitation current
When loss of power fault is occurred, two optional protective actions called [None] and [Reset Soft Start Time]
are available, and described below.
z None: No protective action is executed.
z Reset Soft Start Time: this option is very useful, if no external excitation on command contact (switch) is
prepared by user, or user do not want control the excitation on command by reason of simple system
configuration.
If generator is started up from long time standstill condition, and the excitation on command is
always closed, the soft start timer is may be passed its whole setting value (this phenomenon is
same as that the [Soft Start Time] setting is zero). In this case, very high voltage overshoot may be
obtained due to the big difference (error) between nominal voltage setpoint and very low feedback
voltage (generator residual voltage). As a result of voltage overshoot, the system may be
shut-downed.
However, if [Reset Soft Start Time] option is specified, HDEC2000 software automatically resets
the soft start timer at the moment of releasing the loss of power fault. This means that no very high
voltage overshoot is obtained even though excitation on command is always closed. This option is
disabled when [Excitation Source] = [Utility]
Diode fault monitor (DFM)

HDEC2000 unit provides Diode Fault Monitor (DFM) functions. The DFM function detects opened or shorted
status of diode(s) of the rotating rectifier by following means.
During normal steady operating condition, the ripple frequency of exciter field current is calculated by using
below formula in case of six-pulse rotating rectifier (three phase full bridge rectifier).
FR = 6 * FG * (exciter machine poles / main machine poles) in [Hz]
Where: FR is the ripple frequency of exciter field current in [Hz].

FG is the frequency of main synchronous machine in [Hz].
One or more shorted diode(s) produce very high ac (ripple) component current in the exciter field circuit and
the frequency of ac component is 1/6 of the ripple frequency of nominal operating condition. Also, one or more
opened diode(s) produces high ac (ripple) component current in the exciter field circuit, and the frequency of
ac component is 1/3 of the ripple frequency of nominal operating condition.
HDEC2000 unit separates the ripple frequency component corresponding to open and short diode condition
from overall excitation current by mean of digital filter techniques.
When the processed (calculated) ripple current exceeds the pre-settled fault level and the ripple current is not
decreased below the fault level within the predefined delay time, the open (or short) diode fault event is
activated.
The DFM function is disabled if the excitation current is less than 1A or 80% of no load excitation current. And
the DFM function is also disabled if the generator frequency is not presented between 45 …70Hz.
Output short circuit

HDEC2000 unit provides the protective function of output short circuit by mean of hardware device. Due to the
relative slower processing interval of software code than physical phenomenon, software protection of
excitation output short circuit is very difficult (sometimes, it is impossible). The internal measuring device
detects short circuit current very fast and cuts off the excitation output power.
This function provides for preventing damage from incorrect wiring or inappropriate behavior during factory
setup and commissioning. But not provides for protective function while normal operating. Be careful, short
circuit of excitation output may cause unit damage since this function is not guaranteed always.
Short circuit protective function is tested with HDEC2000 regulator

! CAUTION successfully. Be careful, Short circuit excitation output may cause unit
damage since this function is not always guaranteed.
Mode mismatch
This function compares the digital input command (FCR mode or none-FCR mode) and actual operating
mode when HDEC2000 unit is controlled remotely. If a local input command (operating mode via digital input
circuit) is different with actual operation mode, then mode mismatch fault event is activated. However, this
fault is not latched
For example:
When The HDEC2000 unit controlled via communication port with AVR mode, but the FCR select input circuit
(digital input channel) is closed, if control mode is transferred to local mode from remote mode by [Local
Request] command (or remote command), HDEC2000’s operating mode is transferred to FCR mode from
AVR mode. At that moment, the system may be shut downed if the difference is very high between [FCR
Setpoint] and the actual-excitation-current.

So, user should match that the input command (digital input status) is same as actual operating mode before
operating mode is transferred to local mode from remote control status.

SECTION 4. CONFIGURATION
INTRODUCTION
This section provides the configuration procedure of HDEC2000 unit in the factory by using the HDCM
software and the description of overall configuration parameters. However some simple directions of HDCM
software may be omitted to avoid complication of this section, however the operating rule of HDCM software
follows the general windows software. Even though this section describes the initial configuration procedure,
the most procedure of this section may be applicable for site commissioning.
The various configuration parameters required to optimize user application. However all configuration
parameters may not be used essentially for practical application. Please read this section carefully for
successful configuration of user’s application since some incorrect configuration may result in damage to the
unit or the system. For more technical information for HDEC2000 configuration, see section 3 (Functional
Description).
Configuration of HDEC2000 unit is performed by only qualified personnel who

! CAUTION has fully understanding about HDEC2000 unit and has intermediate or higher
level knowledge about synchronous machine and excitation system.
The HDCM is configuration and monitoring software for HDEC2000 unit. This software may be used for
factory setup, site commissioning. The major functions of this software are listed below.
z Configuration capability of setup parameter
z Control gains estimation from generator reactance and time constant
z Remote control and real time monitoring (provides for commissioning purpose only)
CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE
A rough configuration sequence (step) is explained below.
z Install the configuration software (HDCM) to setup computer.

z Supply external control power to the HDEC2000 unit with the generator is at standstill condition.
z Connect RS232 communication cable between HDEC2000 unit and setup computer.
z Start HDCM software.
z Establish communication between HDEC2000 unit and setup computer.
z Configure each parameter of each group by using HDCM software (Standstill Configuration).
z Write configuration parameter to EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit and store to the setup computer.
z Disconnect control power (if HDEC2000 system is designed with no external control power).
z Connect all cables between HDEC2000 and generator system.
z Operate the generator with no load.
z Tune the PID (or PI) gains of each regulation and limitation mode by using HDCM software (Running
Configuration).
z Check all functions of applicable regulation mode and limitation mode, and check all applicable
protective functions (e.g. AVR, OEL and DIO function …).

z Record operating condition (voltage, excitation current …).

z Apply possible load to the generator.
z If necessary, tune the PID (or PI) gains again by using HDCM software if necessary.
z Record operating condition (voltage, current, excitation current …).
z Write configuration parameter to the EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit and store to setup computer.
z Remove the load.
z Stop the generator.
The detailed procedure of each configuration step is described in below sections. For the more procedure
not described in this section, see section 6 (Commissioning).
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION and COMMUNICATION
Installation and Start

To install the HDCM software in the setup computer, please carry out the following steps.
z Insert the HDCM CD in CD-ROM drive of setup computer.
z Open the windows explorer and display the CD root directory.
z Double-click [Setup.exe] from the directory [HDCM \ Installer].
z Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Then the [Setup.exe] file installs the HDCM software into your hard disk. The configuration software is now
installed.
To start the HDCM software, Double click the HDCM shortcut via following menu path.
z [Start] – [Programs] – [Hyundai – Elec.] – [HDCM for HDEC2000]
Then HDCM screen will be appeared.
Connection (Communication) with HDEC2000 unit

To establish communication between the HDEC2000 unit and setup computer by using HDCM software, carry
out the following steps.
z Supply specified external control power (not excitation power) according to drawing. If control power is
not supplied permanently, supply temporarily control power (40 … 120V, ac or dc) to D1, D2 terminals.
First Configuration must be performed while the machine is at a standstill.
! CAUTION
During standstill configuration, the excitation power output cable between
HDEC2000 unit and the generator must be disconnected.
If temporarily control power is used (HDEC2000 system is designed with no

external control power) for configuration at standstill condition, the external
control power must be disconnected after standstill configuration.
z Connect RS232 cable between COM0 port of HDEC2000 front panel and serial port of setup computer.

z Start the HDCM software.

z Click [Port Configuration] sub menu via [Communication] menu bar, then Port Configuration Screen is
appeared (see Figure 4-1).
z Select proper communication port (other communication parameters cannot be configured by user but
pre-fixed by HDCM software and HDEC2000 unit)
z Click [Connect] command button on the Port Configuration Screen. Then communication port number is
confirmed, and the Password Input Screen (see Figure 4-2) may be appeared if connection between
HDEC2000 unit and HDCM software is successfully established.
Figure 4-1 Port Configuration Screen Figure 4-2 Password Input Screen
z Input password (The default password is “hd2000” or “HD2000”.) and click the [OK] button on the
Password Input Screen.
Note!:
The lower case characters (password) and the upper case characters (password) are
identified with same characters by HDEC2000 unit for password.
z The HDCM software may receive all parameters from HDEC2000 unit if password is corrected. The
progress bar may be appeared during communication (data receiving).
After few seconds, the displayed parameters on the HDCM screen are replaced (updated) with
transmitted data from HDEC2000 unit.
Now, user can access (read and write) any configuration parameters.
z Click [Close Comport] menu to disconnect communication between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM
software
z If user clicks the [Set] command button on the Port Configuration Screen, the port configuration
parameters are confirmed only, and the Port Configuration screen is disappeared.
After the communication connection between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM software is successfully established
onetime, the next connection is archived by clicking of [Open Comport] sub menu via [Communication] menu
bar.
SETUP
This section provides simple description of all configuration parameter, and provides description for PID gain
tuning not described in other sections.

The configuration parameter is organized with several groups called Tab, and each group is listed below. To
access parameters of each group, click the corresponding tab button placed on the top screen of HDCM
software.
z Configuration
z Generator
z AVR/FCR
z VAR/PF
z Startup & Aux
z Gain Control
z Digital IO
z Protection
z Limiter
z Monitoring (This Tab is separately described in the Monitoring and Control section)
After each group’s parameters are configured successfully at each active Tab screen, Click [Send to HDEC]
or [EEPROM] sub menu via [Communication] menu-bar, if not so, the parameters of HDEC2000 unit are not
updated with new configured parameters.
Note!:
If the [Send to HDEC] menu is clicked, the parameters of active Tab (not all parameters) are
transmitted to HDEC2000 unit, but not stored into EEPROM. In this case, if the internal control
power is interrupted, the all configuration parameters are lost.
If the [EEPROM] menu is clicked, the parameters of active Tab (not all parameters) are transmitted
to HDEC2000 unit, and stored into EEPROM permanently. In this case, even though the internal
control power is interrupted, the configuration parameters are not lost (maintained).
After all parameters of all groups are configured successfully, the parameters must be stored into EEPROM of
the HDEC2000 unit. To save all configuration parameters onetime, click [EEPROM All] sub menu via
[Communication] menu bar, then all configuration parameters of all groups are stored into EEPROM.
Do not forget to store the parameter into EEPROM after configuration. If

IMPORTANT configuration parameters are not stored into EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit, the
all configuration parameters are lost when the excitation power is interrupted.
Configuration Tab
z Software Version: Read only parameter. Means that the HDCM version number.
z Hardware Version: Read only parameter. Means that the HDEC2000 unit’s firmware version number.
z AVR ID: Reserved communication address of HDEC2000 regulator. Not used now.
z VAR/PF mode: Selects VAR mode or PF mode when FCR mode is deactivated and the both of GCB,
MCB input are closed. If Off is selected then HDEC2000 unit operates with AVR mode.

z Sensing Configuration: Configures the generator voltage sensing method either single-phase or
three-phase. If single phase selected then generator A, C phase must be connected to A6, A8 (Labeled
E1 and E3) terminals.
z Excitation Source: Selects the kind of excitation input power (PMG, Shunt or Utility).
z Control Power Source: If optional external control power is supplied (system is designed with control
power), the [External] field must be selected. Otherwise [Internal] filed is selected.
z CCC Enable Disable: Determines that the reactive differential compensation (cross current
compensation) enabled or disabled. If enabled, CCC function compensates the generator voltage while
the MCB digital input is closed.
z Virtual MCB: Determines the internal MCB status of HDEC2000 Software. Three options are available
called None, Close, Open. Each option is described below
- None: The MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is determined by actual hard-wire digital input.
- Close: The MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is always close (True)
- Open: The MCB status of HDEC 2000 software is always open (False)
If Close, or Open option is selected, the physical input status is disregarded
z Setpoint Auto Save: If this function enabled, changed setpoint of AVR mode is automatically stored into
the EEPROM while operating mode is AVR Mode. The setpoint of FCR, VAR and PF mode is not saved
automatically.
z DC Link Voltage: rectified voltage level of HDEC2000 unit from excitation power input. Roughly, below
formulas are applied for dc link voltage calculation.
- DC Link Voltage = 1.41 * input ac voltage for three phase excitation power

- DC Link Voltage = 1.25 * input ac voltage for single phase excitation power
- DC Link Voltage = 0.98 * input dc voltage for dc power supplied
z Internal Tracking Option: Configures that which inactive operating mode(s) is tracked.
- Disabled: internal tracking function is not used.
- Auto Manual Only: internal tracking function is accepted between Auto mode and FCR mode only.
- From VAR/PF to AVR: AVR mode is tracked while active operating mode is VAR (or PF) mode.
- All Mode: internal tracking function is accepted between all four operating modes.
z Internal Tracking Delay Time: Target past (delay) time for internal tracking function.
z Internal Tracking Traversing Rate: The time required for internal tracking process from moment of
internal tracking start time.
Below three (3) parameters are reserved for future improvement. Not used now.
z External Tracking Option: Configures enabled or disabled of external tracking function.
z External Tracking Delay Time: Target past (delay) time for external internal tracking function.
z External Tracking Traversing Rate: The time required for external tracking process from moment of
internal tracking start time.
z MODBUS Device Address: Sets the MODBUS communication address. This parameter is used when Host
controller accesses to the HDEC2000 unit over RS485 (COM2) ports. The usable range of
communication address is 1 through 247.
z MODBUS Baud Rate: Sets the MODBUS communication baud rate. The selectable values are 2400, 4800,
9600 and 19200 [bps]
z MODBUS Response Delay: MODBUS communication response time delay of slave device. The usable range of
delay time is 0 …200ms.
For more information of MODBUS communication, see separated MODBUS communication manual.
Generator Tab
z Gen. Rated Voltage: Amount of phase to phase generator rated voltage.
z Gen. Rated Current: Amount of generator rated phase current.
z Gen. Power Factor: Generator rated power factor.
z Gen. Apparent Power: Read only parameter. Calculated from Gen. Rated Voltage and Gen. Rated
Current parameter.
z Gen. Frequency: Power Factor: Generator rated power factor.
z Gen. Pole Number: Number of poles of main machine.
z Excitation Current (open): Excitation current corresponding to the generator rated voltage with no load
condition.
z Excitation Current (short): Excitation current corresponding to the generator rated current with three
phase sustained short circuit condition.
z Excitation Current (rated): Amount of rated excitation current of exciter machine.

z Exciter Resistance: Resistance of excitation winding of exciter machine. Roughly, 1.15 times of exciter
field resistance with cold condition may be used.
z Excitation Rated Voltage: Read only parameter. Calculated from rated excitation current and resistance
of excitation winding of exciter machine.
z Exciter Pole Number: Number of poles of exciter machine.
The three components of excitation current (open, short, rated) are only
IMPORTANT approximately value. The critical comparing with the values of official
specification is not needed.
z Gen. PT Primary Voltage: Primary voltage of sensing voltage transformer. If sensing voltage
transformer is not used, this value is same as Gen. Rated Voltage parameter.
z Gen. PT Secondary: Secondary voltage of sensing voltage transformer. If sensing voltage transformer
is not used, this value is same as Gen. Rated Voltage parameter.
z Gen. CT Primary Current: Primary current of sensing current transformer. If sensing current transformer
is not installed, this value must be settled with zero.
z Gen. CT Secondary Current: Secondary current of sensing current transformer.
z AVR CT input Terminal: Determines which current sensing input terminal is used. Only 1A or 5A is
accepted for this parameter. If 1A is selected, sensing CT input must be connected on B1 terminal
otherwise B2 terminal must be used.
z CCC. CT Primary Current: Primary current of cross current CT. If current transformer for CCC function is
not installed, this value must be settled with zero.

z CCC. CT Secondary Current: Secondary current of cross current CT. Maximum 1A is accepted.
AVR/ FCR Tab

z AVR mode Setpoint: Setpoint of AVR operating mode. Typically nominal voltage.
z AVR mode Min. Setpoint: minimum adjustable setpoint of AVR mode based on rated generator voltage.
Typically 70 … 90%.
z AVR mode Max. Setpoint: maximum adjustable setpoint of AVR mode based on rated generator voltage.
Typically 110%.
z AVR mode Traverse Rate: Determines the time required to adjust the AVR setpoint from the minimum
setpoint to maximum setpoint. Typically 40 … 60s.
z AVR Preposition Setpoint: Defines the pre-position setpoint of AVR mode. If programmable digital input
is assigned with Preposition and corresponding input circuit is closed, AVR mode Setpoint returns to the
pre-defined value (AVR Preposition Setpoint). Typically nominal voltage
z FCR mode Setpoint: Setpoint of FCR operating mode. Typically no load excitation current or zero.
z FCR mode Min. Setpoint: minimum adjustable setpoint of FCR mode based on rated generator
excitation current. Typically 0%.
z FCR mode Max. Setpoint: maximum adjustable setpoint of FCR mode based on rated generator
excitation current. Typically 120%.
z FCR mode Traverse Rate: Determines the time required to adjust the FCR setpoint from the minimum

z FCR Preposition Setpoint: Defines the pre-position setpoint for FCR mode. If programmable digital input
is assigned with Preposition and corresponding input circuit is closed, FCR mode Setpoint returns to the
pre-defined value (FCR Preposition Setpoint). Typically no load excitation current or zero.
VAR/ PF Tab
z VAR mode Setpoint: Setpoint of VAR operating mode.
z VAR mode Min. Setpoint: minimum adjustable setpoint of AVR mode based on rated generator
apparent power.
z VAR mode Max. Setpoint: maximum adjustable setpoint of VAR mode based on rated generator
apparent power. Typically rated reactive power in %.
z VAR mode Traverse Rate: Determines the time required to adjust the VAR setpoint from the minimum
z VAR Preposition Setpoint: Defines the pre-position setpoint for VAR mode. If programmable digital input
is assigned with Preposition and corresponding input circuit is closed, VAR mode Setpoint returns to the
pre-defined value (VAR Preposition Setpoint). Typically nominal reactive power or zero.
z VAR/PF Voltage Band: Determines the boundary of voltage correction to maintained desired VAR or PF
when operating mode is VAR or PF mode. If grid (power network) voltage fluctuation boundary is wide
or to obtain more control margin, increase this parameter. typically 10 … 20%
z PF mode Setpoint: Setpoint of PF operating mode. Typically 0.95 or rated power factor.
z PF mode Min. Setpoint: minimum adjustable setpoint of PF mode.
z PF mode Max. Setpoint: maximum adjustable setpoint of PF mode

z PF mode Traverse Rate: Determines the time required to adjust the PF setpoint from the minimum
z PF Preposition Setpoint: Defines the pre-position setpoint for PF mode. If programmable digital input is
assigned with Preposition and corresponding input circuit is closed, PF mode Setpoint returns to the
pre-defined value (PF Preposition Setpoint). Typically nominal power factor.
Positive sign of PF setpoint means over excitation region (lagging power

IMPORTANT factor for generator, leading power factor for motor).
Negative sign of PF setpoint means under excitation region (leading power
factor for generator, lagging power factor for motor).
This rule is applied for entirely with HDEC2000 application (setpoint setting,
power factor display of front panel …)
Startup/ Auxiliary Tab
z Soft Start Level: Determines the initial setpoint of AVR mode (and FCR mode) for soft start function
when excitation on command is detected. Typically 10 …30%.
z Soft Start Time: Determines the required time for process the soft start function when excitation on
command is detected. Typically 5 …15s.
z Soft Start Delay: Determines the initial delay time of Soft Start Function Typically. 0s.
z Buildup Detect Zone: Determines the automatic voltage buildup detect level. While soft start processing,
if generator voltage is reached in this zone, the voltage setpoint is automatically settled with nominal

value even though the soft start processing is not completed. If this parameter is zero, this function is
disabled. Typical value is 0% or 1 … 5%.
z Soft Start Level 2: Determines the initial setpoint of AVR mode for secondary soft start function when
excitation on command is detected and [Soft Start 2] function is enabled by assigned digital input. Soft
Start Time 2: Determines the required time for process the secondary soft start function when excitation
on command is detected and [Soft Start 2] function is enabled by assigned digital input.
z Droop Compensation: Sets the amount of reactive droop compensation for parallel operation.
z CCC Droop: Sets the amount of reactive differential compensation (cross current) for parallel operation.
z Under Frequency Mode: Configures under frequency limiting mode either Std Mode or Max Flux Mode
when generator frequency falls below than Under Frequency Corner Frequency. Typically Std Mode is
selected.
z Under Frequency Corner Frequency (Hz Corner): Determines the frequency that under frequency
limitation function is activated when generator frequency decreases. Typically 95% of nominal
frequency.
z Under Frequency Slope: Determines the generator voltage reduction slope when under frequency
limitation function is activated. If this slope is increased, generator voltage is more rapidly decreased
depending on the generator frequency. Typically 0.8 … 1.5 V/Hz
z Aux Input Type: Selects that the kinds of auxiliary input, and defines the boundary of analog reference
used with remote setpoint
z Aux input Summing Type: Selects that which operating mode uses the auxiliary input as remote setpoint.
Three selectable parameters called [Inner loop], [Outer loop] and [Both] are available. If inner loop is
selected, auxiliary input is summed with AVR and FCR mode setpoint (this means that auxiliary input
controls generator voltage and excitation current). If outer loop is selected, auxiliary input is summed
with VAR and PF mode setpoint (this means that auxiliary input controls generator VAR or PF).
Otherwise auxiliary input is summed with all four operating mode setpoint.
z Aux input AVR Gain: The selected auxiliary signal (voltage or current) input is multiplied by this gain
setting, and the result is summed with AVR setpoint.
z Aux input FCR Gain: same as Aux input AVR Gain. But summed with FCR setpoint instead of AVR
setpoint.
z Aux input VAR Gain: same as Aux input AVR Gain. But summed with VAR setpoint instead of AVR
setpoint.
z Aux input PF Gain: same as Aux input AVR Gain. But summed with PF setpoint instead of AVR
setpoint.
Gain (Control Gain) Tab

This section contains the descriptions about most important configuration parameter (control gains) for
optimum generator performance, and contains the directions for tuning.
General Description and Directions

Each control mode and limitation functions have its own software control (function) block, and each function
block regulates the control parameter (e.g. generator voltage in case of AVR mode) corresponding to its
regulation mode.
The function block(s) of HDEC2000 software operates like as below description:

First, the error (difference) between feedback signal (e.g. sensed generator voltage in case of AVR mode)
and setpoint (or limitation reference) of each operating mode is calculated. Next, the error, the integral of
error and the derivation of error is multiplied with each operating mode’s control gains by PID algorithm.
Finally, the sum of three multiplied results (control output) determines the PWM duty of power module.
This means that the error and the control gains determine (control) the excitation current. This also means
that the control gains of each function blocks determine the transient response or (and) steady state stability.
Generally, three control gains called proportional gain. Integral gain and derivative gain are used for the
purpose of controlling the generator voltage (or excitation current) for brushless synchronous machine. But in
case of static exciter or some function blocks having shorter delayed feedback consist of only two
components (proportional gain, Integral gain) of gains.
Table 4-1: Typical Range of Control Gain

Function
Parameter Unit Coarse Range Typical Range
Block
AVR KG % 5 …30 8 …25
KP - 50 …400 80 …200
KI - 10 …300 50 …200
KD - 2 …50 3 …20
TH ms 1 …50 2 …30
TF ms 0 …50 0 …30
FCR KG % 20 …60 30 …40
KP - 50 …200 80 …200
KI - 10 …200 50 …200
VAR KG % 30 …300 60 …150
KI - 0.5 …20 0.5 …5
PF KG - 30 …300 60 …150
KI - 0.5 …20 0.5 …5
OEL KG % 100 …500 100 …300
KI - 0.5 …20 2 …10
SCL KG % 100 …500 100 …200
KI - 0.5 …10 0.5 …5
TD ms 5…500 20 … 200
UEL KG % 30 …300 60 …150
KI - 0.5 …10 0.5…5
Note: The typical ranges (OEL, UEL and SCL) are changed from firmware V1.22

1.02
KG = 50
1.00 KG = 10
KG = 5
0.98 KG = 3
High gain - KG or all of (KP, KI, KD) – improves

0.96 overall transient Response.
But, too high gain leads steady state Instability.

0.94
Figure 4-3 Voltage Response with Sudden Load Application (variable KG and Fixed KP, KI, KD)
1.02
KP = 250
KP = 150
1.00
KP = 80
KP = 50
0.98
High gain leads large compensation

0.96 proportional to the error.
But, too high gain leads much overshoot.

0.94
Figure 4-4 Voltage Response with Sudden Load Application (variable KP and Fixed KG, KI, KD)
1.02
KI = 500
KI = 200
1.00 KI = 80
KI = 10
0.98
High gain leads fast recover speed and reduce

0.96 steady state deviation (error).
But, too high gain leads more overshoot.

0.94
Figure 4-5 Voltage Response with Sudden Load Application (variable KI and Fixed KG, KP, KD)
1.02
KD = 1
KD = 2
1.00
KD = 5
KD = 10
0.98
High gain leads very good damping response

0.96 and improved initial response.
But, too high gain leads steady state Instability.

0.94
Figure 4-6 Voltage Response with Sudden Load Application (variable KD and Fixed KG, KP, KI)

Table 4-1 illustrates the typical range of control gains of each function block from our experience, be sure, the
values shown in Table 4-1 are only typical value. Optimum control gain is depending on the excitation system
design, machine time constant, reactance and application. Some cases, even though the machine is same,
but the optimum control gain may be different when optimum (ex: transient response or stability) criterion or
the kinds of load are different. For more information about the structure of control block and control gains, see
Appendix B (Mathematical Models).
Typical simulation results (voltage recovery characteristics when very big load is sudden applied) by
simulation software developed by Hyundai Heavy Industrial Co., LTD with variable control gains in AVR
operating mode are shown in Figure 4-3 to 4-6.
From these figures, the effects of each control gains and the generic tuning guides for PID gains can be
realized.
To obtain optimum PID gains, please perform step change response by below instruction:
Change voltage setpoint (5 …10% for no load, 2 …5% for load condition) suddenly by using [Lower] or
[Raise] setpoint button of Monitor Tab screen and monitor the generator voltage response by using proper
instrument (e.g. chart recorder) or by manually (indicating instrument). If proper response is not obtained,
tune the PID gains until satisfactory result is obtained. Normally, this procedure may be performed with no
load condition first (repeat step change response with load condition if necessary). For more information
about step change response, see MONITORING and CONTROL part of this section
Auto. Estimation Button:
The HDCM software provides estimation function for PID gains. PID Auto Estimation screen is appeared

when [Auto Estimation] button located on right top screen is pressed. Few generator parameters listed below
are used for calculation control gains.
z DC Link Voltage: direct current voltage level of HDEC2000 unit, rectified from excitation power input.
z Excitation Current (open): no load excitation current.
z Excitation Current (short): excitation current corresponding to rated generator current with three phase
sustained short circuit condition.
z Excitation Current (Rated): excitation current corresponding to nominal generator load.
z Exciter Resistance: excitation winding resistance.
z Td’(Un): direct axis transient short circuit time constant (saturated value).
z Tdo’: direct axis transient open circuit time constant.
z Te: exciter time constant.
Five parameters (DC Link Voltage, three components of excitation current and exciter resistance) are already
entered in the Configuration Tab and Generator Tab. three additional parameters (Td’, Tdo’, Te) are required
for calculation, and user must be input those parameters from design data of machine.
At this screen, HDCM software calculates PID gains of all regulation and limitation mode if [Calculation] button
is pressed. Next, [Update PID] button is used to replace the PID gains of Gain-Tab’s screen with newly
calculated PID gains. Be sure, the calculated PID gains are only roughly estimated value. The optimum PID
gain may be obtained from tuning with actual operating condition.
Do not use the function (PID auto estimation) while the generator is in normal
! CAUTION service (loaded condition), It causes impact (or damage) to the generator or
system due to sudden change of many control gains at same time.
Control Gain Description

z AVR Mode KG: Determines scaling (or loop) gain of software function block for AVR mode. Generally,
this gain determines the overall response of feedback loop. Below formula is applied for AVR mode loop
gain calculation. However to obtain more fast (or stable) response, the AVR loop gain may be adjusted
in a range of between 50 and 300% of calculated value.
AVR Mode KG = 100 * UEO / DC Link Voltage [%]
Where: UEO is excitation voltage corresponding to rated generator voltage with no load condition in
Volts.
DC Link Voltage is internally rectified voltage from excitation power input in Volts.
z AVR Mode KP: Determines proportional gain of software function block for AVR mode. Generally, this
gain improves transient response, but too high, the transient response has much overshoot. In normal
case, this gain may be increased if machine size (time constant) is increase.
z AVR Mode KI: Determines the Integral gain of software function block for AVR mode. Generally, this
gain improves recovery speed of transient response and control accuracy of steady state. But too high,
the transient response has overshoot. In normal case, the typically range is 50 … 200 and this gain may
be gradually decreased if machine size (time constant) is increased. Other gains may be determined

from generator parameter. However, AVR Mode KI may be determined from generator parameter and
other control gain(s).
z AVR Mode KD: Determines derivative gain of software function block for AVR mode. Generally, this gain
improves steady state stability and initial response. But too high, unstable fluctuation may be occurred
with steady state and the recovery speed may be very poor. If main machine and exciter machine time
constants are increased, this gain may be increased also.
z AVR Mode TH: Determines sampling interval of derivation error (the variation slope of generator voltage)
calculation. Shorter TH improves the dynamic response of system. But too short, the system may be
unstable in case of system has much sensing noise. If main machine time constant is increased,
increase this parameter (time interval).
z AVR Mode TF: Determines the filtering time constant of derivation error. TF reduce (improves) the
influence of much sensing noise of system and increases stability. But too high, the dynamic response
is decreased and system stability is also decreased due to the time delay of derivative action. Typically,
0 …100% of AVR mode TH is applicable depending of sensing noise.
z FCR Mode KG: scaling (or loop) gain of software function block for FCR mode. Generally, this gain
determines the overall response of feedback loop. Below formula is applied for FCR mode loop gain
calculation.
FCR Mode KG = 100 * UEN / DC Link Voltage [%]
Where: UEN is rated excitation voltage calculated from rated excitation current and exciter field
resistance in Volts.
DC Link Voltage is internally rectified voltage from excitation power input in Volts.

z FCR Mode KP, KI: Determines proportional gain and Integral gain of software function block for FCR
mode. These gains serve same manner as AVR mode control gain.
z VAR Mode KG, KI: Determines loop gain and integral gain of software function block for VAR mode.
These gains serve same manner as AVR mode control gain.
z PF Mode KG, KI: Determines loop gain and integral gain of software function block for PF mode. These
gains serve same manner as AVR mode control gain.
z OEL Mode KG, KI: Determines loop gain and integral gain of software function block for OEL mode.
z SCL Mode KG, KI: Determines loop gain and integral gain of software function block for SCL mode.
z SCL Mode TD: Determines time constant for determining (predicting) future stator current error. TD
Improves dynamic response. But too high, the system may be fluctuated unstably. If main machine time
constant is high, then increase this parameter (time constant) also.
z UEL Mode KG, KI: Determines loop gain and integral gain of software function block for UEL mode.
Digital IO (Input and Output) Tab

z Programmable Digital Input (#1, #2 and #3) Function: These fields determine that which function is
activated (or performed) when corresponding programmable digital input circuit is closed. Five
Assignable functions are available called None, Preposition, secondary unit, local request and
secondary soft start. Each option is described below
- None: No function is assigned.
- Preposition: If corresponding digital input circuit is closed, setpoint of four operating modes
returns to pre-defined value called preposition setpoint.
- Secondary Unit: This function is reserved, and not available now
- Local Request: This function determines that the local command (excitation on or FCR select
command only) is priority. But remote two commands via RS232 and RS485 port are not
accepted.
- Secondary Soft Start: Enabled or disabled the secondary soft start functions. If corresponding
digital input circuit is closed, the parameters (soft start level 2 and soft start time 2) are used
instead of (soft start level and soft start time) parameters.
z Relay Logic (#1, #2 and #3): Configures the output relay logic (either normally open or normally closed)
when assigned event is activated and the relay is energized. Relay outputs cannot remain closed status
when internal control power is interrupted.

z Relay (Digital Output) Function (#1, #2, #3): Assigns the function (event or status) of output relay. Most
of operating status, events can be assigned. Assignable status and event are shown on Digital Input
and Output Tab screen.
Protection Tab
z Gen. Over Voltage Enabled: Determines that the generator over voltage protective function enabled or
disabled. If disabled, even though the generator voltage rises over than trip level and maintained longer
than delay time, the generator over voltage fault event is not occurred (activated).
z Gen. Over Voltage Level: Sets the trip (trigger) level of generator over voltage protective function based
on rated generator voltage. If generator voltage rises over than this setting, the generator over voltage
fault is triggered, but fault event is not occurred (activated) until generator over voltage delay time is
passed.
z Gen. Over Voltage Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for generator over voltage protective function.
z Gen. Under Voltage Enabled: Determines that the generator under voltage protective function enabled
or disabled.
z Gen. Under Voltage Level: Sets the trip (trigger) level of generator under voltage protective function
based on rated generator voltage.
z Gen. Under Voltage Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for generator under voltage protection
function.

z Gen. Over Current Type: Determines the generator over current protective function type. Four
selectable options called [Disable], [Constant Time], [Standard Inverse Time] and [Preload Inverse Time]
are available.
z Gen. Over Current Level: Sets the trip (trigger) level of generator over current protective function for
constant time protective function.
z Gen. Inverse OC Level: Sets the safe operation level of inverse and preload inverse over current
protective function based on generator rated current.
z Gen. Inverse OC Preload: Sets the preload current level based on the Gen. Inverse OC Level.
z Gen. Over Current Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for generator over current protective function.
z Exc. Over Current Type: Determines the exciter over current protective function type. Four selectable
options called [Disable], [Constant Time], [Standard Inverse Time] and [Preload Inverse Time] available.
z Exc. Over Current Level: Sets the trip (trigger) level of exciter over current of constant time protective
function.
z Exc. Inverse OC Level: Sets the safe operation level of standard inverse and preload inverse exciter
over current protective function based on rated excitation current.
z Exc. Over Current Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for exciter over current protective function
z Loss of Field Enabled: Determines that the loss of field protective function enabled or disabled.
z Loss of Field Level: Sets the trip (trigger) level of loss of field protective function.
z Loss of Field Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for loss of field protective function.

Even though the actual sign of reactive power is negative for triggering the loss
IMPORTANT of field fault, the parameter (Loss of Field Level) must be configured with
absolute value (positive sign).
z Loss of Sensing Enabled: Determines that the loss of sensing protective function enabled or disabled.
z Loss of Sensing Balanced Level: Sets the trip level that compared with averaged (in case of 3-phase
sensing) sensing generator voltage, based on generator rated voltage. Typically 80%.
z Loss of Sensing Unbalanced Level: Sets the trip level which compared with any phase-phase sensed
voltage difference, based on generator rated voltage. Typically 20%.
z Loss of Sensing Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for loss of sensing protective function. Typically
0.2 … 1s
z Loss of Sensing Option: Determines that which option serves protective action when loss of sensing
fault is occurred. For more information, see section 3 (Functional Description).
z Loss of Power Enabled: Determines that the loss of power protective function enabled or disabled.
z Loss of Power Level: Sets the trip (detecting) level which compared with internally rectified excitation
input power (dc link voltage), based on nominal dc link voltage configured by dc link voltage parameter.
Typically 15%
z Loss of Power Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for loss of power protective function.
z Loss of Power Option: Determines that which option serves protective action when loss of power fault is
occurred. For more information, see section 3 (Functional Description).
z Open Diode Enabled: Determines that the DFM (open diode) monitor function enabled or disabled.
z Open Diode Ripple: Sets the fault detecting ripple level of DFM (open diode) function.
z Open Diode Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for DFM (open diode) function.
z Short Diode Enabled: Determines that the DFM (diode fault monitor – short diode status) monitor
function enabled or disabled.
z Short Diode Ripple: Sets the fault detecting ripple level of DFM (short diode) function.
z Short Diode Delay: Sets the amount of delay time for DFM (short diode) function.
Limiter Tab
z OEL Enabled: Determines that the OEL function enabled or disabled.
z OEL Hi Level: Sets the on line OEL Hi current level based on rated excitation current
z OEL Hi Time: Sets the on line OEL Hi Time duration
z OEL Mid Level: Sets the on line OEL Mid current level based on rated excitation current
z OEL Mid Time: Sets the on line OEL Mid Time duration
z OEL Low Level: Sets the on line OEL Low current level based on rated excitation current
z On line OEL Option: Sets the On-Line OEL enabling logic.
z Off-Line OEL Hi Level: Sets the off line OEL Hi current level based on no load excitation current
z Off-Line OEL Hi Time: Sets the off line OEL Hi Time duration
z Off-Line OEL Low Level: Sets the off line OEL Low current level based on no load excitation current

The base current of On-line OEL and Off-line OEL are different with each other.
The On-Line OEL current level must be determined based on rated field current.
IMPORTANT The Off-Line OEL current level must be determined based on no load excitation
current.
z SCL Enabled: Determines that the SCL function enabled or disabled.

z SCL Accept PF: Sets the accepted power factor level for SCL function, if the generator power factor is
over then this parameter with positive band, the SCL function is disregarded. If this parameter is
configured higher than 0.97, this parameter is neglected.
z SCL Hi Level: Sets the SCL Hi current level based on rated generator current
z SCL Hi Time: Sets the SCL Hi Time duration.
z SCL Low Level: Sets the SCL Low current level based on rated generator current.
z SCL Td: Sets the SCL error prediction time.
z UEL Enabled: Determines that the UEL function enabled or disabled.

z UEL Curve Type: Determines which curve is used for UEL function.
z Circular Reactive power: base reactive power for Circular UEL.
z Segment Real Power #1 … #5: active power point #1 to #5 for Multi Segment UEL.
z Segment Reactive Power #1 … #5: reactive power point #1 to #5 for Multi Segment UEL.
MONITORING and CONTROL

Monitor Tab
The Monitor Tab is not used for parameter configuration but used for monitoring and remote control during
factory setup or site commissioning.
All monitoring (measurement of analogue parameters and the statuses of digital IOs) and remote control for
commissioning (for factory or site) can be performed by using HDCM software at Monitor Tab screen and the
control capability is listed below.
z Remote and Local mode transfer
z Start and Stop control
z Auto an manual mode transfer
z Alarm Reset
z Setpoint Adjustment (including preposition setpoint and step change) for all operating mode
z Parameter Calibration function (DC Link Voltage and no load excitation current)
Analogue Measurement Alarm and Status Display
Operating mode Control Setpoint Adjustment
Monitoring Tab screen is divided with four areas (Analogue Measurement, Alarm and Status Display,
Operating Mode Control and Setpoint Adjustment). Table 4-2 to Table 4-4 illustrates the function of each
component (button, lamp or box …) and the description of displayed parameter.

Table 4-2 Analogue Measurement Area Description

Display Label Unit Description (displayed parameter)
U (L1-L2) V Generator A-B phase-phase voltage
U (L2-L3) V Generator B-C phase-phase voltage
U (L3-L1) V Generator C-A phase-phase voltage
U Average V Generator 3 phase averaged voltage
In case of single phase same as U(L3-L1)
i (L2) A Generator B phase current
Ue V Calculated excitation voltage from dc link voltage
Ie A Excitation current
S kVA Generator Apparent power
P kW Generator active power
Positive: generator, Negative: motor
Q kVAR Generator reactive power
Positive: over excitation, Negative: under excitation
PF pu Generator power factor
Positive: over excitation, Negative: under excitation
F Hz Generator frequency
I ccc A CCC loop current
PF ccc pu CCC loop power factor
DFM OD ripple % Diode fault monitor open diode band ripple (rms ripple)
DFM SD ripple % Diode fault monitor short diode band ripple (rms ripple)
Analog Ref. V Converted Auxiliary input signal
PWM duty % PWM duty
Parameter Calibration Button:
If this button is pressed, two parameters (DC Link Voltage and no load excitation current) are
replaced with actual measured value by HDEC2000 unit instead of user’s setting. But this
function is accepted when the generator is operated with no load and rated voltage. If this
button is pressed while the generator is operated with load, the HDCM software disregards
this command.
Table 4-3 Description for Operating mode Control Area

Name (Display Label) Description (Function)
Operating Mode Label z Displays active operating mode
Local / Remote Button z Selects Local / Remote mode
z Indicates Local / Remote status
Start/ Stop Button z Determines that the Start/Stop status
z Indicates Start/Stop status
z Enabled when Remote mode
Auto/ Manual Button z Determines the Auto/ Manual mode
z Indicates the Auto/ Manual mode status
z Enabled when Remote mode
VAR/PF mode Lamps z Enabled Lamp: Indicates VAR/PF Enabled parameter setting
z VAR Lamp: ON if VAR mode is selected
z PF Lamp: ON if PF mode is selected
z OFF Lamp: ON if VAR/PF mode is not selected


Operating Mode Label z Displays active operating mode
Alarm Reset Button z Resets all latched alarm (fault)
Table 4-4 Description for Setpoint Adjustment Area

Traversing Step Box (*1) Sets the amount of setpoint change when Rise (or Lower) setpoint
button is clicked onetime
Raise Setpoint Button (*1) Increases the setpoint of active mode
Lower Setpoint Button (*1) Decreases the setpoint of active mode
Position indication Box Display the related position of active mode’s setpoint
Return to Preposition Button Changes setpoint of all four operating mode to Preposition setpoint
Notes
1. To perform step change response, input 5% to10% in the [Traversing Step Box] and click
the [Lower Setpoint Button] or [Raise Setpoint Button] with no load condition, but the setpoint
change step for load condition may be limited (less than 2 …5%).
2. For normal adjustment (control) of setpoint, input 0.1% to 0.5% in the [Traversing Step Box]
and click the [Lower Setpoint Button] or [Raise Setpoint Button].
Monitoring Tab screen is divided with four areas (Analogue Measurement, Alarm and Status Display,
Operating Mode Control and Setpoint Adjustment). Table 4-2 to Table 4-4 illustrates the function of each
component (button, lamp or box …) and the description of displayed parameter.
MENU NAVIGATION
This section provides the simple description of menu tree of HDCM software and the function of each menu.
Figure 4-7 shows the menu tree of HDCM software. User can access each menu by using of tool bar placed
on top screen instead of menu bar.
File Communication Window Help
Open File Open Com Port Configuration About
Save File Close Com Port Generator
Print Preview EEPROM All AVR/FCR
Print EEPROM VAR/PF

Exit Send to HDEC Startup/Auxiliary
Get from HDEC Gain
Port Configuration Digital IO
Password Setting Protection
Limiter
Monitoring
Resize
Figure 4-7 Menu Tree of HDCM Software

File Menu
z Open File: Click this menu to open configuration file which is early saved at computer storage (hard
disk). If file open dialogue box is appeared, select file you want to open and click [OK] button.
(a) If communication is established between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM software, overwrite
warning message box will be appeared. If you select [Yes] button, all configuration parameters
stored into the computer hard disk are transmitted to HDEC2000 unit. And displayed
parameters on the selected Tab screen are updated from parameter file. If you select [No]
button, file is not opened.
(b) If communication is not established between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM software, only
displayed parameters on the selected Tab screen are updated from parameter file.
Do not open configuration file while generator is in service condition (no load
IMPORTANT or load). If communication is established between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM
software, It (open file while the generator serviced) may cause damage to the
HDEC2000 unit and also generator.
z Save File: Click this menu for saving configuration parameters into the computer storage.
z Print Preview: Click this menu to review the contents (configuration parameter list) to print.
z Print: Click this menu for print configuration parameter.
z Exit: Click this menu to exit the HDCM software.
Communication Menu
z Open Com Port: Click this menu for communication connecting between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM
software.
z Close Com Port: Click this menu for communication disconnecting between HDEC2000 unit and HDCM
software.
z EEPROM All: Click this menu to store all configured parameters (not active Tab only) into EEPROM of
HDEC2000 unit. If this action is not performed, the configuration parameter is lost when the excitation
input power (and control power) is (are) interrupted.
If possible, do not use (click) this menu while the generator is at a service condition (load condition), it
can leads momentary generator voltage fluctuation due to the influence caused from large configuration
parameters transmission via communication port.
To store few parameters corresponding to certain Tab while generator is at a service operation, use
[EEPROM] menu instead of [EEPROM All] menu, then the parameters corresponding to active Tab are
only stored.
z EEPROM: Click this menu to store the configured parameters corresponding to active Tab (not all
parameters) into EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit

Be careful, when [EEPROM] menu clicked, configuration parameters

IMPORTANT corresponding to inactive Tabs are not stored. But, parameters corresponding to
active Tab only are stored into EEPROM.
However, in below three cases, all configuration parameters of all Tabs are saved.
z If user clicks [EEPROM All] menu.
z If user selects [Yes] button on the save dialog screen when [Close Com Port]
menu bar clicked.
z If user selects [Yes] button on the save dialog screen when [Exit] menu bar
clicked while communication is established
z Send to HDEC: Click this menu for sending configuration parameters to the HDEC2000 unit. Only
displayed parameters on the selected (active) Tab screen are transmitted.
z Get from HDEC: Click this menu to receive parameter corresponding to selected Tab screen from
HDEC2000 unit
z Port Configuration: Click this menu for editing communication parameter.
z Password Change: Click this menu to change the password of HDEC2000 unit. If communication
between HDEC2000 unit and setup computer is not established, this sub-menu is not enabled.
Window Menu
z Each sub menu of window menu except [Resize] menu activates tab screen corresponding to each sub
menu. Instead of window sub menu, user can use tab button placed on the top screen.
z Resize: Click this menu to recovery window size of HDCM software if the window size is adjusted
Help Menu
z Information: information message about the HDCM software will be appeared if this menu is clicked.

SECTION 5. USER INTERFACE

INTRODUCTION
This section describes the functions, display parameters and operation procedure of user interface of
HDEC2000 unit. Much upgrade of firmware for user interface is accomplished from old version, so,
instructions of user interface in this manual (version D) only can be applied for firmware version 1.22 or later.
For firmware version older than V1.22, see user manual version C
The HDEC2000 unit has very simple user interface consists of LCD display, LED lamps and operational
buttons. All components of user interface are located on the front panel. Each component is shown in Figure
5-1.
HYUNDAI HDEC2000
LCD Display
REMOTE
LOCAL LIMIT
POWER ALARM
five LEDs
ESC
four Buttons
ENTER
Figure 5-1 Front Panel User Interface

OPERATION
Normally, the most accesses with HDEC2000 unit are achieved via RS232 communication while factory setup
or commissioning. However, for service engineer not caries setup computer, or if the HDEC2000 unit is
installed on the place to difficult access with setup computer, the HDEC2000 unit provides the capability for
configuration of important parameters, some operational functions and enhanced measurement functions
(display function).
Figure 5-1 graphically shows operation sequence of front panel button
Initialization (Power up)
ESC : Clears (Resets) latched alarm events
[Limiter & IO]

[Standard] page [Analog] page [Alarm] page [Version No] page
page
Press longer than 3 seconds ENTER
[Monitor Mode]
[Setup Mode]
[Group Select] screen [Menu Select] screen

Select group item
Execute selected function ENTER ESC
Configuration Å ESC Parameter Setup Å

Generator Save Setpoint
AVR/ FCR Local Request
VAR/ PF ENTER Preposition
Change to
ENTER
[Group Select] screen
Change to
[Parameter Select] screen Select menu item
[Parameter Select] screen [Parameter Edit] screen

Adjust selected parameter value
Change to [Parameter Edit] screen
ESC
ENTER
Group: Configuration Group: Configure
Name: CCC Enabled Å Name: CCC Enabled
Value: 0 Old Value: 0

ESC New Value: 1
ENTER
Select parameter item Apply and Store (into EEPROM) the parameter
Figure 5-2 Flow Chart of Front Panel Operation

Mode of Operation
The Operation (Display) mode of front panel consists of two modes called Monitor Mode and Setup Mode.
z Monitor Mode: provides five display pages (Standard, Analogue, Alarm, Limiter & IO and Version) for
monitoring the operating condition.
z Setup Mode: User can perform few operational functions, and user can configure the important
parameter via LCD display and buttons without setup computer in this mode.
Functions of each Component

Table 5-1 illustrates the functions of LCD display, LED lamp, and operation buttons.
Table 5-1 Functional Description for each Component of User Interface

Item Description (Function)
z Provides two display (operation) mode called Monitor Mode and Setup Mode
z Provides five display pages in the Monitor Mode to monitoring operating condition.
- Standard page
- Analog page
- Alarm page
LCD - Limiter & IO page
Display - Version No page
z Provides four setup screens in Setup Mode for configuration.
- Menu Select screen: Selects the menu item to perform
- Group Select screen: Selects configuration group to edit
- Parameter Select screen: Selects the parameter to edit
- Parameter Edit screen: Edits the selected parameter and save into EEPROM
Power LED z Lit after booting process of HDEC2000 unit.
Local LED z Lit when HDEC2000 unit is controlled by local mode.
Remote LED z Lit when HDEC2000 unit is controlled by remote mode.
z Lit when setpoint of active operating mode goes to maximum or minimum setpoint.
LIMIT LED
z Lit when any limitation function (UFL, OEL, SCL and UEL) is activated.
ALARM LED z Lit when any fault event is activated.
z Clears the latched alarm events and alarm messages in the [Monitor Mode]
ESC Button
z Return to previous (high level menu) screen in the [Setup Mode]
z Changes the display pages in the Monitor Mode
z Perform below functions in the Setup Mode
Up and Down
- Selects menu item to perform in the Menu Select screen
Button
- Selects parameter to edit in the Parameter Select screen
- Adjusts (increases or decreases) selected parameter in the Parameter Edit screen
z Performs below function in the Monitor Mode
- Changes to [Menu Select] screen of Setup Mode if pressed while 3 seconds.
z Performs below functions in the Setup Mode
Enter Button
- If low level menu is existed, changes to low level menu screen corresponding to selected item
- If low level menu is not existed, executes selected function and return to previous screen
z See Figure 5-2 (Operational Flow Chart of front panel Button)

Note: If no key response is detected while 20 seconds in the Setup Mode, the displayed screen is returned to Monitor
Mode.
Display Pages of Monitor Mode

User can change the display page of Monitor Mode by using arrow button, and Figure 5-1 shows the
sequence.
Standard Page Display

The Standard page is divided into eleven areas (area A1 … area A11), and this page displays the important
operating parameter on the each assigned area. The display area and typical display screen are shown in
Figure 5-3, and display assignment is illustrated in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2 Display Assignment of Standard page of Monitor Mode
Area ID Display parameter Remark

A1 Generator Voltage (Ug)
A2 Generator Current (ig)
A3 Generator Active Power (P)
A4 Generator Frequency (F)
A5 Generator Power Factor (PF) Positive: Over Excitation, Negative: Under Excitation
A6 Excitation Current ( ie)
A7 Start, Stop Status ON: Start, Off: Stop, Rdy: Ready mode (see ready mode)
A8 Limiter Status OEL, SCL, UEL, V/F (last occurred only)
A9 Primary, Secondary Status Pri: Primary (Master) Unit, Sec: Secondary (Backup) Unit
A10 Active Operating mode FCR: Manual Field Current Regulation mode
& Setpoint of active mode AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulation mode, no load only
DRP: Automatic Voltage Regulation mode with Droop
CCC: Automatic Voltage Regulation mode with CCC
VAR: Reactive Power(VAR) Control mode
PF: Power Factor Control mode
A11 Activated alarm message F1: Over Voltage
(only last occurred fault) F2: Under Voltage
F3: Generator Over Current
F4: Exciter Over Current
F5: Loss of Field
F6: Loss of Power
F7: Loss of Sensing
F8: DFM Open Diode
F9: DFM Short Diode
F10: Output Short Circuit
F11: Mode Mismatch
(*1): if the mode mismatch alarm is occurred with other fault event simultaneously, the other fault message is
displayed first. After the other fault event is cleared, the mode mismatch alarm message may be displayed.

A1 A4 A7 13.21kV Hz:60.01 ON
A2 A5 A8 468A PF:+0.85 OEL
A3 A6 A9 9095kW ie:8.69A Pri
A10 A11 AVR:13.20kV F5
Figure 5-3 Display Area and Typical Display of Standard page
Analogue Page Display

The Analogue page is divided into eight area (area A1 … area A8), and this page displays analogue
parameters not displayed Standard page. The display area and typical display screen are shown in Figure 5-4,
and display assignment is illustrated in Table 5-3.
Table 5-3 Display Assignment of Analogue page of Monitor Mode

Area Old New Area Old New
Display parameter Display parameter
ID Label Label ID Label Label
A1 Q - Reactive power A5 igcc icc CCC Loop current
A2 Udc Udc Dc Link Voltage A6 PFcc PFc CCC Loop Input PF (PF CCC)
A3 Uaux Uax Converted Analog Reference A7 OD ODR Open Diode ripple
A4 PWM PWM PWM duty for IGBT A8 SD SDR Short Diode ripple
Notes
(1) Positive sign means over excitation and negative sign means under excitation condition for reactive power and
CCC loop power factor
(2) New Labels are applied for firmware version 1.24 or later
A1 A5 +354.5kVAR icc: 123.5A

A2 A6 Udc: 245.2V PFc:+0.99
A3 A7 Uax: - 5.38V ODR:2.56%
A4 A8 PWM:32.5% SDR:1.33%
Figure 5-4 Display Area and Typical Display of Analogue page
Alarm Page Display

The [Alarm] page is divided into twelve area (area A1 … area A12), and this page displays alarm information.
The display area and typical display screen are shown in Figure 5-5, and display assignment is illustrated in
Table 5-4.
Table 5-4 Display Assignment of Alarm page of Monitor Mode

Area ID Label: Description Area ID Label: Description
A1 GNOV: Generator Over Voltage A7 L_SEN: Loss of Sensing
A2 GNOV: Generator Under Voltage A8 -
A3 GNOC: Generator Over Current A9 EXSD: Short Diode Fault
A4 EXOC: Exciter Over Current A10 SHRT: Output Short Circuit
A5 L_FLD: Loss of Field A11 EXOD: Open Diode Fault
A6 L_PWR: Loss of Power A12 Mode: Mode mismatch alarm

A1 A5 A9 GNOV L_FLD EXOD

A2 A6 A10 GNUV L_PWR EXSD
A3 A7 A11 GNOC L_SEN SHRT
A4 A8 A12 EXOC Mode
Figure 5-5 Display Area and Typical Display of Alarm page
Limiter & IO Page Display

The Limiter & IO page is divided into twelve parts (area A1 … area A12), and this page displays the status of
limitation function and additional digital inputs. The display area and typical display screen is shown in Figure
5-6, and display assignment is illustrated in Table 5-5.
Table 5-5 Display Assignment of Limiter & IO page of Monitor Mode
Area ID Label: Description Area ID Label: Description

A1 V/F: Under Frequency Limitation A7 -
A2 OEL: Over Excitation Limitation A8 -
A3 SCL: Stator Current Limitation A9 GCB: Grid Circuit Breaker
A4 UEL: Under Excitation Limitation A10 MCB: Machine Circuit Breaker
A5 U_SP_LMT: Upper Setpoint Limitation A11 Pri: Primary (Master) mode
A6 L_SP_LMT: Lower Setpoint Limitation A12 Sec: Secondary (Backup) mode
A1 A5 A9 V/F U_SP_LMT GCB

A2 A6 A10 OEL L_SP_LMT MCB
A3 A7 A11 SCL Pri
A4 A8 A12 UEL Sec
Figure 5-6 Display Area and Typical Display of Limiter & IO page
Version Page Display

The Version page only displays the installed software (firmware) version number of HDEC2000 unit.
Hyundai Digital
Excitation System
HDEC2000
Ver: 1.22
Figure 5-7 Display of Version No page
Setup Mode Functions

The Setup Mode has four selectable menus item called Parameter Setup, Save Setpoint, Local Request and
Preposition. Each menu item can be selected by up (or down) arrow button, and each functions may be
performed by pressing Enter button. The functions corresponding to each menu are described below.

z Parameter Setup: The Group Select screen may be appeared when Enter button is pressed if this menu
is selected by arrow button(s).
z Save Setpoint: The setpoint of active operating mode may be stored into EEPROM when Enter button is
pressed if this menu is selected by arrow button(s).
z Local Request: The operating mode is transferred to Local Mode from Remote Mode when Enter button
is pressed if this menu is selected by arrow button(s).
z Preposition: The setpoint of all four operating modes are returned to its preposition setpoint when Enter
button is pressed if this menu is selected by arrow button(s).
Parameter Configuration (Edit and Store)

Table 5-5 shows the configurable parameter list by using front panel. And user can access (read, edit and
store into EEPROM) to each parameter according to button operation sequence shown in Figure 5-2.
Table 5-6 Configurable Parameter List by using front panel Button

Tab Name Parameter Unit Symbol: Format Remark
CCC Enable - CCC Enable 0, 1 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled
0 = Shunt
Excitation Power Source EXC Source 0, 1, 2 1 = PMG
Configuration 2 = Utility
Dc Link Voltage V DC LNK 600V
0 = Single
Sensing Configuration Sensing 0, 1
1 = Three
Setpoint Auto Save - SP Auto 0, 1 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled
Gen. Rate Voltage V GEN UN 13800V
Excitation Current rated (ieN) A Ex ieN 15.00A
Gen. Sens. PT Pri. Voltage V PT Pri 30000V
Generator Gen. Sens. PT Sec. Voltage V PT Sec 600V
Gen. Sens. CT Pri. Current A CT Pri 60000A
Gen. Sens. CT Sec. Current A CT Sec 5.0A
AVR CT input Current A CT input 1A, 5A
99.99 kV UN > 10kV
AVR mode Setpoint V AVR Set 9.999 kV UN <= 10 kV
AVR/ FCR 999.9 V UN <=1000V
AVR mode Traverse Rate sec AVR Rate 200s
AVR mode Preposition Setpoint V AVR Pre see remark Same as [AVR Set]
VAR/PF Voltage Band % PF Band 50.0%
PF mode Setpoint pu PF Set +/- 1.00
VAR/ PF
PF mode Traverse Rate sec PF Rate 200s
PF mode Preposition Setpoint pu PF Pre see remark Same as [PF Set]
Soft Start Level % Soft Level 10%
Soft Start Delay time sec Soft Delay 10s
Soft Start time sec Soft Time 200s
0 = STD mode
Under Frequency mode - UFL Mode 0, 1
Auxiliary/ 1 = Max. flux mode
Strtup Under Frequency Corner
Hz UFL Hz 89.9Hz
Frequency
Under Frequency Slope V/Hz UFL Slope 3.0V/Hz
Reactive Droop compensation % DROOP +/- 30.0%
CCC Droop compensation % CCC DRP +/- 30.0%
Continue …

Tab Name Parameter Unit Symbol: Format Remark

AVR mode Loop gain KG % AVR KG 500.0
AVR mode KP AVR KP 1000.0
AVR mode KI AVR KI 1000.0
AVR mode KD AVR KD 1000.0
AVR mode TH ms AVR TH 100
AVR mode TF ms AVR TF 50
Gain PF mode Loop gain KG % PF KG 500.0
PF mode KI - PF KI 1000.0
UEL Loop Gain KG % UEL KG 500.0
UEL KI UEL KI 100.0
SCL Loop Gain KG % SCL KG 500.0
SCL KI SCL KI 100.0
SCL TD ms SCL TD 200
OEL EN/Disabled - OEL Enable 0, 1 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled
0 = MCB or GCB
1 = GCB
OEL Option OEL Option 0…3
2 = ON Line
3 = Dynamic
UEL EN/Disabled - UEL Enable 0, 1 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled
0 = Circular Type
UEL Curve Type - UEL Curve 0,1
Limiter 1= Segment Type
UEL Circular Reactive Power % UEL Qmin 50%
SCL EN/Disabled - SCL Enable 0, 1 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled
SCL Hi Level % SCL HiAmp 500%
SCL Accept PF pu SCL PF 0.98
SCL Hi Time sec SCL HiSec 60s
SCL Low Level % SCL LoAmp 150%

SECTION 6. COMMISSIONING
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the site commissioning procedure of generator and excitation system. However, it is
not possible to mention for all possible application. AVR mode generic operation guide may be dealt in this
section because HDEC2000 unit operates with AVR mode in most cases.
On site commissioning should be performed by qualified personnel who has
! DANGER fully understanding of HDEC2000 unit and has intermediate or higher level
knowledge for synchronous machine, excitation system and application.
COMMISSIONING
Note!
The commissioning procedure of this section is not unconditionally obeyed but can be changed.
And some procedure may be omitted or additional procedure may be necessary depending on the site
condition, (kind of load, prime-mover …), commissioning engineer or the schedule of application.
Procedure A: Initial Checkout while machine is at a standstill
Note!
If the HDEC2000 unit is supplied as a part of synchronous generator system by Hyundai Heavy
Industrial Co., Ltd, parameter configuration while standstill can be omitted.
(1) Verify that all safety measures have been taken.

(2) Inspect physical installation by visually.
(3) Inspect all wiring of HDEC2000 unit and related components (generator, sensing transformer …).
(4) Inspect that the grounding wiring is correctly connected.
(5) Review the generator nameplate, test report of generator or design data.
(6) Supply external control power (not excitation power). If control power is not supplied permanently, then
temporarily supply (use D1, D2 terminals).
(7) Make communication connection between HDEC2000 unit and setup computer (note book).
(8) Check (or newly configure) all configuration parameters according to schematic drawing, system
design and application requirement.
(9) Write all configuration parameter into the EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit and backup to setup computer
storage.
(10) Disconnect control power (if control power is supplied temporarily)
(11) If no problem is found yet, process next procedure.
Procedure B: Checkout before startup to voltage buildup

(1) Open the FCR select command digital input (Select AVR Mode).
(2) Open the excitation on command digital input (Excitation OFF)
(3) Turn off the excitation input circuit breaker if circuit breaker is permanently installed.

(4) Turn off the SW2 for hardware voltage buildup function, installed on the right panel of HDEC2000 unit.
(5) Startup the prime-mover
(6) Measure excitation input voltage before closing the excitation input circuit breaker. After measuring,
verify that the measured input is not exceeded permissible value and it meets design data by below
criterion.
- PMG application: compare it with PMG test data or PMG design data.
- Shunt application: compare it with expected value measured from other device by using
excitation transformer turn ratio.
- Utility supply: compare measured value with design data.
(7) Measure input sensing voltage (generator residual voltage). And compare it with expected value (from
other measuring device.
(8) Turn on the excitation input circuit breaker if available.
In case of PMG, Utility excitation power, or external control power is supplied, verify that the nearly
same value obtained between displayed generator voltage on the front panel of HDEC2000 unit and
the values measured from other instrument.
(9) In case of shunt power application with no external control power, turn on the SW2 for hardware voltage
buildup function installed on the right panel of HDEC2000, then the possible lowest voltage
(approximately 15 … 20% depending on the turn ratio of excitation transformer) may be controlled by
HDEC2000 unit. In this step, some initial voltage overshoot not exceeding nominal value may be
occurred depending on generator or excitation transformer
(10) Close the excitation on command input (excitation on)
(11) Monitor the generator voltage buildup condition. If voltage is increased too rapidly, open the excitation
on digital input circuit (Excitation OFF) and remove excitation power (or stop the prime-mover).
(12) If smooth voltage buildup is obtained while [Soft Start Time], process next procedure.
Procedure C: Checkout while no load running

(1) Monitor the stability of generator voltage, if the unstable voltage is obtained, check the control gains or
others.
(2) Measure and record excitation current with nominal voltage condition. And compare it with design data
or test data (if available).
(3) Adjust setpoint from minimum setpoint to maximum setpoint.
(4) Measure and record generator voltage adjustable boundary.
(5) Adjust generator voltage with nominal value.
(6) Wait at least few minutes. If operating condition suddenly changed, then check the reason(s).
Note!
If the HDEC2000 unit is already configured by generator (and excitation) system supplier, the no load
voltage step response procedure (procedure No. 7 …9 described below) can be omitted.
(7) Change Setpoint (-5 … -10% of nominal) suddenly by using HDCM software, and monitor voltage step
response.
(8) Change Setpoint to nominal value (100%) suddenly by using HDCM software, and monitor voltage step
response.

(9) If voltage step response is too slow (or too fast), then tune the control gain(s) until proper response is
obtained. For more detailed procedure about control gain tuning, see section 4 (Configuration).
(10) If no problem is found yet, process next procedure.
Procedure D: Checkout while load condition (Single or parallel operation, connected with island grid)
(1) Close main circuit breaker according to synchronization procedure if necessary. If parallel operation is
applied, adjust the generator no load voltage same as the no load voltage of others before circuit
breaker closing.
(2) With Light load condition, Record the important measuring parameter displayed on the front panel of
HDEC2000. And compare it with other recording obtained from other instrument.
(3) Slowly increase the load to the possible maximum value step by step (if possible).
(4) Record all important measuring parameter with each load step.
(5) If other generator(s) is paralleled, check reactive load sharing of each generator(s).
(6) If unequal load sharing is obtained, check configuration parameter (Setpoint of each generator,
Reactive Droop or CCC Droop) or others.
(7) Monitor the stability of generator voltage, if voltage is unstable, check control gain or others.
(8) Wait at least few minutes. If operating condition suddenly changed, check the reason(s).
(9) If no problem is found yet, write your final configuration parameter on the EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit
and backup to your computer storage also.
Procedure E: Checkout while load condition (Parallel operation, with VAR/PF operating mode)
Note!
This Procedure is carried out in case of below case
- The generator is voltage following machine and is operated with the voltage supporting
machine(s) (the generator is connected with large power grid, not the small island grid).
(1) Before synchronization, please check listed below

- Reactive Droop parameter: not less than 4%
- CCC Enabled: disabled
- VAR/PF mode: VAR of PF mode is enabled
- UEL Enabled: Enabled
- OEL Enabled: Enabled
- Related parameter of UEL, OEL: properly configured.
- MCB status input terminal: connected with generator circuit breaker (normal open logic)
- GCB status input terminal: connected with grid circuit breaker or logical combination contact of
system breaker contactors (normal open logic)
(2) Close main circuit breaker according to synchronization procedure.
(3) At the moment of breaker closing, monitor the generator current, excitation current, reactive power and
operating mode display carefully.
(4) If any of below condition is obtained, open the generator circuit breaker immediately. And check the
reason(s)

- Sudden increasing of generator current, Sudden increasing (or decreasing) of excitation

current or reactive power
- Operating mode is not change to VAR mode or PF mode from AVR mode
(5) If PF mode is selected, carry out follows:
- Increase the load not higher than about 30% (if possible)
- Monitor the power factor of HDEC2000 and compare it with setpoint and other available value.
If comparing result is not nearly same then check the reason(s).
- Increase the setpoint slowly (about 0.05pu lower than original setpoint), then the actual power
factor decreasing (increasing of reactive power) is obtained. And next, re-adjust the setpoint to
the original value
(6) If VAR mode is selected, carry out follows:
- Monitor the reactive power value. And compare it with setpoint and other available value. If
comparing result is not nearly same then check the reason(s).
- Decrease the setpoint slowly (about 0.05… 0.1pu lower than original setpoint) but not less than
zero (under excitation region), then the actual reactive power decreasing is obtained. And next,
re-adjust the setpoint to original value.
(7) Slowly increase the load to possible maximum value, step by step.
(8) Record all important parameter (voltage, excitation current …) with each load step.
(9) Monitor the generator reactive power or power factor stability, if the result is unstable, check control
gain or others.
(10) Wait at least few minutes. If operating condition is suddenly changed, check reason(s).
(11) If no problem(s) is found yet, write your final configuration parameter on the EEPROM of HDEC2000
unit and backup to your computer storage also.
While light load (less than 10% approximately) with the PF mode, the power
IMPORTANT factor may be unstable due to the active power change, even though the
fluctuation of active power is very small. For this reason, control gain must be
tuned with the load condition not less than approximately 30% of nominal.

SECTION 7. TROUBLE SHOOTING

INTRODUCTION
This section describes corrective action procedures for common problem of excitation system. However, it is
not possible to mention for all possible troubles. AVR mode symptom may be dealt in this section because
HDEC2000 unit operates with AVR mode in most cases.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
The contents of [Check and Correction] column of each table mean corrective
IMPORTANT status. For example, if the content is expressed as “Check that the FCR select
command is opened.”, then FCR Select command circuit must be opened.
No Load Operation
Issue Possible Check and Correction
causes
No Voltage buildup Wiring error z Check excitation input wiring
z Check excitation output wiring
z Check that the circuit breaker is not tripped or fuse is not broken
Excitation z Check PMG output voltage (PMG application)
power z Check excitation transformer output (shunt application)
Digital input z Check that the excitation on command is closed
z Check that the FCR select command is opened
Others z Check That the control power (if optional control supply is used) is
in normal range
z Check that the SW2 is turned on in case of shunt application with
no control power (and with no pre-excitation)
z Check the residual voltage at the excitation input terminal in case
of shunt application with no control power, if this value is too low
(<6Vac), apply the pre excitation power
z Check that the first top right display message is [ON] at the
standard display page while HDEC2000 power LED is on status.
If not, check digital input circuit (excitation on input)
Too high voltage buildup Incorrect z Check voltage sensing circuit wiring
sensing z Check that the sensing VT is not burned or fuse is not broken
z Check the ratio of sensing VT (or configured VT ratio)
z Check sensing configuration (1 or 3 phase)
Digital input z Check that the both of MCB and GCB status is opened
z Check that the raise command is opened
Setpoint z Check that the setpoint of AVR mode is in nominal
Parameter z Check that the AVR gain(KI) is not less than 10
Cont. Trouble Shooting (No load operation)…


causes
Too low voltage buildup Digital input z Check that the MCB and GCB status is opened
z Check that the Lower command is opened
Incorrect z Check the ratio of sensing VT (or configured VT ratio)
sensing z Check sensing configuration (1 or 3 phase)
Setpoint z Check that the setpoint of AVR mode is in nominal
Excitation z Check PMG output (PMG application)
Limiter z Check that the OEL status is not activated
Parameter z Check that the AVR gain(KI) is not less than 10
Voltage is in normal range, Parameter z Check soft start level parameter (typically 10 …30%)
but too high overshoot z Check soft start time parameter (typically 5 …15s)
z Check Under Frequency protection mode, normally Std mode
z Check Under Frequency Corner Frequency, normally 95% of
nominal
z Check Under Frequency Slope (V/Hz) parameter, normally 1 … 1.5
Voltage is in normal range, Prime mover z Check prime-mover speed. Too high fluctuation of prime mover
but unstable speed cannot be compensated by HDEC2000 unit
Parameter z Tune the AVR mode Control gains (KG, KP, KI …)
Limiter z Check that the OEL status is not activated
Voltage is stable, Digital input z Check that the raise and lower command circuit are connected
but not controlled Limiter z Check that the OEL status is not activated
Setpoint z Check that the setpoint limitation of AVR mode is not activated
Load Operation (Single operation)

causes
Too large voltage change Wiring z Check sensing CT wiring (phase, polarity and ratio)
(dropped or raised) z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
while load changed Excitation z Check PMG output (PMG application)
Parameter z Check Reactive Droop parameter (typically 4 …10%)
Voltage is in normal range, Prime mover z Check prime mover speed. Too high fluctuation of prime mover
but unstable speed cannot be compensated by HDEC2000 unit
Parameter z Tune the AVR mode Control gains (KG, KP, KI …)
Limiter z Check that any limitation is not activated (OEL, SCL, UEL)
Voltage is not constant Wiring z Check sensing CT wiring (phase and polarity)
(varied) with CCC mode z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
depending on load z Check CCC wiring between regulator
Digital input z Check that the MCB status is closed while serviced
z Check that the MCB statuses (normal open auxiliary contactor) of
other generator(s) are correctly connected
Parameter z Check that CCC Enabled parameter is enabled

Load Operation (Parallel operation with island network)

causes
Unequal reactive power Wiring z Check sensing CT wiring (phase and polarity)
OR z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
Unequal power factor z Check proper CCC loop wiring between HDEC2000 units in case of
CCC application
Sensing CT z Check sensing CT ratio and input current:
If CCC mode is selected, all percentage CT ratio must be same
Setpoint z Check that the voltage setpoint of all generators are same.
OR z Check that the no load voltages of all generators are same.
Voltage (*1)
Sensing VT z Adjust Setpoint until equal reactive power is obtained:
ratio error (*2) If any other problems are not found
Digital input z Check that the MCB input status is closed:
z Check that the front panel operating mode display is Droop mode
or CCC mode.
Parameter z Check Reactive Droop parameter
z Check CCC Droop parameter
z above two parameters must be nearly same, or exactly same when
compared with other generator(s)
Limiter z Check that the any limitation status is not activated
Too large voltage change Wiring z Check sensing CT wiring (phase and polarity)
(drop or raise) z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
while load changed z Check CCC wiring between regulator in case of CCC application
Sensing z Check sensing CT ratio and input current
Parameter z Check Reactive Droop parameter
z Check CCC Droop parameter
z typically range is 4 …10% for above two parameters
(*1): Even though the voltage setpoint of all generators are same, the generator no load voltage may be different due to
sensing VT error. Primary important thing is same generator voltage than same voltage setpoint.
(*2): If very little (ex: lower than 0.5% of nominal) ratio error is present and very low Reactive Droop or CCC Droop (ex:
typically lower than 2.5%) is configured simultaneously, unequal reactive power sharing may be obtained.
In this case, Check other possible causes first and any failure is not found, adjust voltage setpoint until equal reactive
power sharing is obtained. If approximately same reactive load sharing is obtained with two different load points after
voltage setpoint is adjusted, the unequal reactive load sharing is caused from little sensing VT ratio error.
If the unequal reactive load sharing is caused from sensing VT ratio and it is confirmed, store the corrective voltage
setpoint into the EEPROM of HDEC2000 unit to avoid same situation when generator is re-started.

Load Operation (Parallel operation with large power network – VAR/PF operation)
causes
VAR/ PF Sudden Change Wiring z Check GCB digital input (status) wiring
at the moment z Check MCB digital input (status) wiring
of synchronization z Check sensing CT wiring (phase and polarity)
z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
Parameter z Check that the VAR or PF mode parameter is selected
z Check that the CCC Enabled parameter must be disabled
z Check that the Reactive Droop is not less than 4%
Limiter z Check that the OEL limiting level is not too low. The OEL [Low
Level] parameter must be higher than nominal excitation current
VAR/PF is not adjustable Wiring z Check sensing CT wiring (phase and polarity)
OR z Check sensing VT wiring (phase)
VAR/PF is not matched z Check GCB digital input (status) wiring
with setpoint z Check MCB digital input (status) wiring
z Check that the raise/lower command(s) is connected properly
Parameter z Check the VAR/PF band limit is not less than 10%
z Check that the VAR/PF gain(KI) is not less than 0.5
Grid voltage z Check that the grid voltage is between the VAR/PF band limit.
If not, increase band limit parameter
VAR/PF is unstable parameter z Check VAR/PF gain (KG, KI)
z Check AVR gain (KG, KP, …)
z Check that the VAR/PF band limit is not less than 10%
Grid voltage z Check that the grid voltage is between the VAR/PF band limit.
If not, increase band limit parameter

APPENDIX A. CONFIGURATION PARAMETER LIST
Notes:
(1) Res: Resolution or incremental
(2) DFLT: Default value
(3) Default values printed in boldface will be changed on the next version
Parameter Unit Min. Max. Res DFLT Description
A: Configuration
Software Version - - Read only (HDCM Setup Software Version)
Hardware Version Read only (HDEC 2000 Firmware Version)
AVR ID 1 16 1 1 Reserved
Excitation Power Source 0 2 0 0 = Shunt, 1 = PMG, 2 = Utility
DC Link Voltage V 20 600 1 200
Control Power Source 0 1 0 0 = Internal, 1 = External

Sensing Configuration 0 1 1 0 = single phase, 1 = three phase
CCC Enable 0 1 - 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
VAR/ PF mode 0 2 0 0 = OFF, 1 = VAR, 2 = PF
Virtual MCB 0 2 1 0 0 = None, 1 = Close, 2 = Open
0 = Disabled
1 = Auto Manual Only (V1.22 or later)
Internal Tracking Option 0 3 1 0
2 = From VAR/PF to AVR (V1.22 or later)
3 = All Mode (V1.22 or later)
Internal Tracking Delay Time sec 0 10 0.1 0
Internal Tracking Traverse Rate sec 0.1 20 0.1 0.1
External Tracking Option 0 1 0 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled

External Tracking Delay Time sec 0 10 0.1 0
External Tracking Traverse Rate sec 0.1 20 0.1 0.1
Setpoint Auto Save 0 1 1 0 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled

MODBUS Device Address 1 247 1 247
MODBUS baud rate bps 2400 19200 9600 Selectable value: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200
MODBUS Response Delay ms 0 200 1 10
B: Generator
Gen. Rated Voltage V 100 30000 1 110
Gen. Rated Current V 10 6000 0.1 200
Gen. Power Factor pu -0.5 1 0.01 0.80 Range (- 0.50 … -1.0, +1.00 … +0.50)
Gen. Apparent power kVA 0.1 - Read only
Gen. Frequency Hz 30 100 1 60
Exciter Resistance ohms 3 60 0.1 12
Excitation Current (open) A 0.2 30 0.01 1
Excitation Current (short) A 0.5 30 0.01 5
Excitation Current (rated) A 1 30 0.01 5
Excitation Rated Voltage V 0.1 - Read only

Gen. pole number 2 60 2 10
Exciter pole number 4 24 2 12


Exciter parallel circuit 1 4 1 1 Reserved
Gen. Sens. PT Pri. Voltage V 10 30000 1 110
Gen. Sens. PT Sec. Voltage V 10 600 1 110
Bus PT Pri. Voltage V 10 30000 1 110 Reserved

Bus PT Sec. Voltage V 10 600 1 110 Reserved
Gen. Sens. CT Pri Current A 0 60000 1 200
Gen. Sens. CT Sec Current A 0.1 5 0.1 1
AVR CT input Terminal A 1 5 - 1 1 A or 5A only

Gen. CCC CT Pri. Current A 0 60000 1 500
Gen. CCC CT Sec. Current A 0.1 1 0.01 1.00
C: AVR/ FCR
min. = min. setpoint * rated value
AVR mode Setpoint V * * 0.1 110
max. = max. setpoint * rated value
AVR mode min Setpoint % 0 100 0.1 90
AVR mode max Setpoint % 100 120 0.1 110
AVR mode Traverse Rate sec 10 400 1 40

AVR Preposition Setpoint V * * 0.1 110
FCR mode Setpoint A * * 0.01 0
FCR mode min Setpoint % 0 100 0.1 0
FCR mode max Setpoint % 0 200 0.1 150
FCR mode Traverse Rate sec 10 400 1 40

FCR Preposition Setpoint A * * 0.01 0
D: VAR/PF
VAR/PF Voltage Band % 0 50 0.1 20
min. = min. setpoint * rated apparent power

VAR mode Setpoint kVAR 0 * 0.1 0
max. = max. setpoint * rated apparent power
VAR mode min Setpoint % -100 100 1 0
VAR mode max Setpoint % -100 100 1 60
VAR mode Traverse Rate sec 10 400 1 40
min. = min. setpoint * rated apparent power

VAR Preposition Setpoint kVAR * * 0.01 0
max. = max. setpoint * rated apparent power
PF mode Setpoint pu * * 0.01 0.9 min. = min. setpoint, max. = max. setpoint
PF mode min Setpoint pu -0.5 -1 0.01 -0.6 minus sign means under excitation
PF mode max Setpoint pu 0.5 1 0.01 0.6
PF mode Traverse Rate sec 10 400 1 40
PF Preposition Setpoint pu * * 0.01 0.9 min. = min. setpoint, max. = max. setpoint
E: Startup and Auxiliary

Soft Start Level % 0 90 1 15
Soft Start time sec 1 200 1 10
Soft Start Delay sec 0 200 1 0 Version 1.22 or later

Buildup Detect Zone % 0 20 1 0 Version 1.22 or later


Soft Start Level 2 % 0 90 1 50 Version 1.22 or later
Soft Start time 2 Sec 1 200 1 5 Version 1.22 or later
Soft Start Delay 2 Sec 0 200 1 0 will be added next version
Reactive Droop compensation % -30 30 0.01 4
CCC Droop compensation % -30 30 0.01 6
Under Frequency mode 0 1 0 0 = Std, 1 = max. flux

Under Frequency Corner
Hz 15 90 0.1 57
Frequency
Under Frequency Slope V/Hz 0.1 3 0.1 1.5
0 = +/-10V bipolar
1 = 4 …20mA bipolar
2 = 0 …+10V bipolar
3 = 1 …+5V bipolar
4 = 0 …20mA bipolar
5 = 0 …+10V unipolar
6 = 1 …+5V unipolar
Aux. Input Type 0 8 0
7 = 4 …20mA unipolar
8 = 0 …20mA unipolar
z input type 2 … 8: (V1.22 or later)

z input type 0 … 4:
input signal is converted with -10 to +10
z input type 5 … 8:
input signal is converted with 0 to +10
Aux. input Summing Type 0 1 0 0 = inner Loop, 1 = Outer Loop, 2 = Both
Aux. input AVR Gain -99 99 0.01 0
Aux. input FCR Gain -99 99 0.01 0
Aux. input VAR Gain -99 99 0.01 0
Aux. input PF Gain -99 99 0.01 0
F: Gain
AVR mode Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 10
AVR mode KP 0 1000 0.1 100
AVR mode KI 0 1000 0.1 50
AVR mode KD 0 1000 0.1 5
AVR mode TH ms 1 99 1 5 D-term sampling interval

AVR mode TF ms 0 99 1 1 D-term filtering time constant
FCR mode Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 25
FCR mode KP 0 1000 0.1 80
FCR mode KI 0 1000 0.1 25
VAR mode Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 70
VAR mode KI 0 1000 0.1 1.5
PF mode Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 70
PF mode KI 0 1000 0.1 1.5
OEL Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 300
OEL KI 0 1000 0.1 5


UEL Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 40
UEL KI 0 1000 0.1 1.0
SCL Loop gain KG % 0 1000 0.1 200
SCL KI 0 1000 0.1 2.5
SCL TD ms 0 500 1 50
G: Digital IO (Input and Output)

Relay 1 Gen. OV 0 1 0 0 = Not assigned, 1 = Assigned
Relay 1 Gen. UV 0 1 0
Relay 1 Gen. OC 0 1 0
Relay 1 Exc. OC 0 1 0
Relay 1 Loss of Field 0 1 0
Relay 1 Loss of Sens. 0 1 0
Relay 1 Loss of Power 0 1 0
Relay 1 Reverse Sens. 0 1 0
Relay 1 Open Diode 0 1 0
Relay 1 Short Diode 0 1 0
Relay 1 Short Circuit Output 0 1 0
Relay 1 START Status 0 1 0
Relay 1 FCR Status 0 1 0
Relay 1 Sec Unit 0 1 0
Relay 1 Local mode 0 1 0
Relay 1 mode mismatch 0 1 0
Relay 1 Upper Setpoint Limit. 0 1 0
Relay 1 Lower Setpoint Limit. 0 1 0
Relay 1 OEL Statue 0 1 0
Relay 1 UEL Statue 0 1 0
Relay 1 SCL Statue 0 1 0
Relay 1 F/V Limiter Status 0 1 0
Relay 1 Logic 0 1 0 0 = Normal open, 1 = Normal close
Relay 1 Function Gen. OV 0 1 0 0 = Not Assigned, 1 = Assigned
… …
… …
… …
… 0 1 0 …
0 = None
1 = Preposition
PROG digital input 1 Function 0 20 0 2 = Secondary Unit
3 = Local Request
4 = Secondary Soft Start (V1.22 or later)
PROG digital input 2 Function 0 20 0 Same as PROG digital input 1 Function
PROG digital input 2 Function 0 20 0 Same as PROG digital input 1 Function
H: Protection


Gen. Over Voltage Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Gen. Over Voltage Level % 100 150 0.1 120
Gen. Over Voltage Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 5
Gen. Under Voltage Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Gen. Under Voltage Level % 40 100 0.1 80
Gen. Under Voltage Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 5
0 = Disable
1 = Constant Time
Gen. Over Current Type 0 3 0
2 = Std Inverse
3 = Preload Inverse
Gen. Constant OC Level % 50 500 0.1 115
Gen. Inverse OC Level % 50 150 0.1 105
Gen. Inverse OC Pre Load % 0 90 0.1 90
In case of Inverse time over current:
Gen. Over Current Delay sec 1 600 1 5
based on (pre load = 0.9, trip OC level = 1.5)
0 = Disable
1 = Constant Time
Exciter Over Current Type 0 3 0
2 = Standard Inverse
3 = Preload Inverse
Exciter Constant OC Level % 50 250 0.1 115
Exc. Inverse OC Level % 50 150 0.1 105
Exciter Over Current Delay sec 1 600 1 15 Preload is internally fixed with 70%
Loss of Field Enabled
Loss of Field Level % 0 50 0.1 10
Loss of Field Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 5
Loss of Sens. Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Loss of Sens. Balanced Level % 0 100 0.1 70
Loss of Sens. Unbalanced Level % 0 100 0.1 25
Loss of Sens. Time Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 0.5
0 = None
1 = Transfer to FCR
Loss of Sens. Option 0 2 0
2 = Fixed PWM
3 = Shutdown
Loss of Power Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Loss of Power Level % 0 50 1 10 % of dc link voltage
Loss of Power Delay sec 0.1 200 0.1 60
Loss of Power Option 0 1 1 0 = None, 1 = Reset Soft Start Time
Open Diode Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Open Diode Ripple % 0 100 0.1 10
Open Diode Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 2
Short Diode Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
Short Diode Ripple % 0 100 0.1 20
Short Diode Delay sec 0.1 60 0.1 1
I: Limiter
OEL Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 Enable


0 = MCB Or GCB
1 = GCB
OEL Option 0 3 3
2 = ON Line
3 = Dynamic (V1.22 or later)
OEL Off-Line Hi Level % 0 500 1 200 100% = no load excitation current
OEL Off-Line Hi Time sec 0 60 0.1 3
OEL Off-Line Low Level % 0 200 1 150 100% = no load excitation current
OEL Hi Level % 0 500 1 300 100% = rated excitation current
OEL Hi Time sec 0 60 0.1 3
OEL Mid Level % 0 300 1 180 100% = rated excitation current
OEL Mid Time sec 0 200 0.1 10
OEL Low Level % 0 200 1 135 100% = rated excitation current
UEL Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 Enable
UEL Curve Type 0 1 0 0 = circular , 1 = segment
UEL Circular Reactive Power % 5 50 1 40 100% = rated apparent power
UEL Segment Real power 1 % 10 29 1 20 100% = rated apparent power
UEL Segment Real power 2 % 30 49 1 40
UEL Segment Reactive power 1 % 5 50 1 40 100% = rated apparent power
UEL Segment Reactive power 2 % 5 50 1 35
SCL Enabled 0 1 0 0 = Disable, 1 = Enable
SCL Accept PF pu 0.60 1.00 0.01 0.90 Version 1.22 or later
SCL Hi Level % 0 500 1 350 100% = rated current
SCL Hi Time sec 0 60 0.1 3
SCL Low Level % 0 150 1 125 100% = rated current

APPENDIX B. MATHEMATICAL MODELS
General
This appendix describes the mathematical model of HDEC2000 unit’s software controller (function block).
All detailed information of mathematical model (e.g. setpoint tracking model) is not mentioned in this appendix,
but the major and important math model is only described for understanding. The exciter machine model is
shortly described in this appendix since there is no responsibility by voltage regulator.
The most of mathematical models are designed based on the IEEE421.5-2005. However, all elements are not
perfectly same as IEEE standard due to some modification of math model through the performance
improvement and configuration convenience.
If not specified, all parameters (or gains) are expressed as per unit quantities (based on rated generator
voltage, rated generator current and rated excitation current) and seconds. However, in case of base
excitation current, the no load excitation current or air gap line excitation current may be used together with
rated excitation current because of the convenience of use. All gains and time constants mentioned in this
appendix can be estimated and configured by the use of setup software.
Simplified overall functional block diagram (some elements are omitted for the purpose of simplification) of
HDEC2000 voltage regulator is shown in Figure B-1.
The overall control block consists of cascade structure. The AVR, FCR, OEL and SCL controllers are
positioned to the inner loop and others are positioned to the outer loop.
UEL OEL
Block Block
Q REF VAR
Block
SCL
Σ Σ Block
PF REF PF
Block
V REF AVR VP
Σ Σ
Block
VR
VC Π E G
V/F
Block
IE REF FCR
Σ Block
Soft Start Voltage Feedback and VT and IT
Block Load compensator
Figure B-1 Simplified Overall Function Block Diagram of HDEC2000 Regulator
Terminal Voltage Feedback and Load Compensator Model

The terminal voltage feedback and load compensation models are designed based on IEEE421.5-2005
Synchronous machine terminal voltage transducer and current compensator models, but simplified. A block
diagram of the terminal voltage feedback and the load compensator is shown in Figure B-2.

VT
VC1 1 VC
VC1 = VT + (XC * IQ )
IT 1+ sTR
Figure B-2 Block Diagram of Voltage Feedback and Load Compensator
Where: VT = Measured generator terminal voltage

IQ = Reactive component of generator current, IT * sin(φ), sin(φ) means reactive power factor.
XC = Reactive Droop (positive: reactive droop, negative: line drop or transformer drop)
TR = Time delay of sensing process including hardware filter circuit, typically 8 …10ms
Reactive Droop is configuration parameter of HDEC2000 unit in [pu]
The vector sum of generator voltage and imaginary reactive voltage drop is transferred to feedback loop of
AVR controller. This leads that the generator terminal voltage drop is linearly proportional to generator
reactive power (or reactive current).
If cross current compensation (CCC) function is enabled, the reactive current (IQ) and Reactive Droop (XC) are
replaced by present unbalanced reactive current and [CCC Droop] configuration parameter.
Automatic Voltage Regulation Model with Exciter Machine

The block diagram of AVR controller designed under the basis of the AC8B model of IEEE421.5 with
brushless rotating exciter model (AC5A model of IEEE 421.5 standard) is shown in Figure B-3. The AVR
controller is PID controller having scaling (loop) gain Kg, proportional (KP), integral (KI) and derivative (KD)
gains. And all of four gains are adjustable depending on excitation system configuration and machine (main
and exciter) characteristic (time constant and reactance).
The combination of AC8B (regulator) and AC5A (exciter) model has been widely adopted in the industrial
application for the purpose of modeling due to the simple structure of AC5A exciter model rather than the
complex AC8B exciter model, or due to the un-availability of detailed information of exciter.
Exciter Model (AC5A, dashed line: AC8B)

VREF VP
KP (*1): Diode Rectifier Model
VRMAX
+ + 1
VC - KI + 1 VR + EFD EFD
Σ KG Σ Π Σ Π
s 1+sTA sTE
+ + -
0
SE(EFD)
VS sKD (*1)
+
1+sTF + KE
+ +
KD
AVR Control Block (AC8B Model) IFD
Figure B-3 Block Diagram of AVR Controller and Simplified Rotating Exciter

In case of modeling with complete AC8B excitation system model, below modifications may be applied.
z The diode rectifier model may be added.
z The term of EFD (field voltage of AC5A model) may be replaced by VEX (exciter armature voltage).
z The saturation factor SE(EFD) may be replaced by SE(VEX), and obtained from no load saturation curve .
(The saturation factor is obtained from load saturation curve in case of AC5A model).
z One more feedback loop (gain KD loop of exciter) for compensating armature reaction may be added.
The maximum output voltage VRMAX of voltage regulator is equal to DC Link Voltage, and below formulas can
be roughly applied for DC Link Voltage calculation. Also these rules can be applied in case of FCR model.
DC Link Voltage = 1.41* input ac voltage for three phase excitation power
DC Link Voltage = 1.25 * input ac voltage for single phase excitation power
DC Link Voltage = 0.98 * input dc voltage for dc power supplied
The term of Dc Link Voltage is: internal dc excitation power voltage of regulator through rectification and
smoothing process from excitation input power
The time delay TA in the hardware power stage including software code executing interval is typically zero due
to high switching frequency of power module (IGBT) compared with generator and exciter time constant.
The loop gain KG determines the overall response of AVR feedback loop. Generally, this loop gain depending
on excitation input power voltage (VP) and the no load excitation voltage is obtained from below formula. But
to obtain more fast (or stable) response, the AVR loop gain may be adjusted in a range of between 50 and
300% of calculated value.
KG = UEO / DC Link Voltage
Where: UEO is excitation voltage corresponding to rated generator voltage with no load in [V]
DC Link Voltage is internally rectified voltage from excitation power input in [V]
The PID gains KP, KI and KD are custom designed for the best performance for each generator and exciter
system and can be estimated by setup software. The filtering time constant TF is used for reducing (improving)
the influence caused from feedback loop sensing noise and typically zero for the purpose of modeling.
Field Current Regulation Model

The block diagram of FCR controller is shown in Figure B-4. The model of rotating exciter same as mentioned
above (the exciter model in Figure B-3) is not shown. The FCR controller is PI controller having scaling (loop)
gain KG, proportional (KP) and integral (KI) gains, and all three gains are adjustable. If AVR operating mode is
selected, the FCR control block is disabled.
The loop gain KG determines the overall response of FCR feedback loop. Generally, the loop gain depending
on excitation input power voltage (VP) and the nominal excitation voltage can be obtained from below formula.
KG = UEN / DC Link Voltage [pu]
Where: UEN is the nominal excitation voltage in [V]
DC Link Voltage is internally rectified voltage from excitation power input in [V]

The PI gains, KP and KI, are tuned by user for stable excitation current control depending on the excitation
winding time constant. The tuning of PI gains may be simple due to first order time delay of excitation winding.
VP
KP VRMAX
+ VR
IE REF + 1
Σ KG Σ Π
1+sTA
- +
KI
0
IE s
Figure B-4 Block Diagram of FCR Controller
VAR/PF Controller Model

The block diagram of VAR controller is shown in Figure B-5. The VAR controller is type II summing type PI
controller of IEEE421.5. And the controller is positioned to the outer loop of cascade structure. If FCR
operating mode is selected, the VAR control block is disabled. The VAR/PF controller cannot be enabled in
the voltage supporting machine (see IEEE421.5) but can be enabled in the voltage following machine.
The control output (VVAR) of VAR controller is summed with setpoint (reference) of AVR controller, and the
VAR controller operates slowly compared with AVR controller. The VAR control block consists of scaling (loop)
gain (KG) & integral gain (KI), and both gains are adjustable. Two gains are tuned so that the control action
may have slow response.
VREF
+VCLMT
+
Q - + VVAR + To PID Block
Σ KG Σ Σ
+ + -
-VCLMT
KI VC
QREF
AVR control block
s
Figure B-5 Block Diagram of VAR Controller
VREF
+VCLMT
+
Q - + VPF + To PID Block
Σ KG Σ Σ
+ + -
-VCLMT
QREF VC
KI
PFREF QREF AVR control block
s
P PFREF
Figure B-6 Block Diagram of PF Controller
The output limit of VAR controller VCLMT depending on the boundary of grid (power network) voltage and the
control margin is configured by setup software, and typical range is 0.1 …0.15[pu].
The block diagram of power factor (PF) controller is shown in Figure B-6. The PF controller is type II summing
type PI controller of IEEE421.5. The PF controller is same as VAR controller except PF setpoint (PF reference)
input.
The PF setpoint is transferred to the summing point of PF controller through conversion process (from PF
reference to VAR reference by using of present active power and PF reference) to obtain PI gain similar with
VAR controller.
Over Excitation Limiter Model

The block diagram of OEL controller is shown in Figure B-7. The OEL controller is summing type PI controller,
and the controller is positioned to the inner loop of cascade structure. If FCR operating mode is selected, the
OEL control block is disabled.
VP
AVR control block
0
IE - + VOEL +
Σ KG Σ Σ Π
+ + +
-1.0
From AVR PID Block
IOEL REF KI
s
Figure B-7 Block Diagram of OEL Controller
OELREF, SCLREF
Limiting Level 1
OELREF
Limiting Level 2
(OEL only)
SCLREF
Limiting Level 3
(Limit Level 2 for SCL) Delay Delay
Time 1 Time 2 Continuous
(OEL only)
Time
Figure B-8 Typical Operating Characteristic of OEL and SLC Reference
The control output (VOEL) of OEL controller is summed with the control output of AVR controller. The OEL
control block consists of scaling (loop) gain (KG) and integral (KI) gain, and two gains are adjustable.
The operating characteristics of OEL controller are designed with three constant (configurable) limiting levels
and two constant (configurable) time delays. If the excitation current exceeds the allowable safe level (and if
the level is maintained for the duration of pre-defined delay time), the excitation current may be reduced
(limited) instantaneously up to the OEL reference by mean of OEL reference reduction. The operating
characteristic is shown in Figure B-8.

When the excitation current is decreased lower than the limitation level (limiting level 3 in Figure-B8) by
external load reducing or by external condition change, the control output of OEL block is not immediately
returned to zero level but gradually returned to zero to prevent much voltage overshoot due to the sudden
changing of control output. Also, in this case, the limiting level-3 is maintained as OEL reference for duration
of cool-down time, and cool-down time is depending on control output of OEL controller.
Stator Current Limiter Model

The block diagram of SCL controller is shown in Figure B-9. The SCL controller is summing type PI controller
having two control gains (proportional gain KP and integral gain KI) two control gains are adjustable. The
controller is positioned to the inner loop of cascade structure, and the control output is summed with the
control output of AVR controller. If FCR operating mode is selected, the SCL control block is disabled.
The operating characteristics of SCL controller are designed with two constant (configurable) limiting levels
and one constant (configurable) time delays. The typical SCL curve is shown in Figure B-8.
Q
f (Q, QM) = (1 OR 0)
QM
QM: min. reactive power
VP
AVR control block
0.0
+
IT - VSCL +
Σ Π KG Σ Σ Π
+ + +
-1.0
KI From AVR PID Block
ISCL REF
s
Figure B-9 Block Diagram of SCL Controller
The SCL controller reduces the control output if the stator current exceeds the predefined safe operation level
and the measured reactive power is higher than minimum specified reactive power (QM in the block diagram).
Even though, the stator current exceeds the limitation level with under excitation region (or actual reactive
power is less than minimum specified level), the SCL controller disregards the excessive current. In case of
under excitation condition, the UEL controller may be used instead of SCL controller due to the inherent
characteristics of synchronous machine (normally, the exceeded current over than nominal value is not
permitted with under excitation condition, however the SCL limitation level may be settled with higher than
nominal value).
In case of permanent single operation (not paralleled), If the generator is operated with passive load such as
lighting load, and the minimum specified reactive power is settled with zero, the SCL controller disregards the
under excitation (or less reactive power) condition.
When the stator current is decreased lower than the limitation level (limiting level 2 in Figure-B8) by load
reducing or other external condition change, the reset characteristic of control output is similar to OEL
controller.

Under Excitation Limiter and Model

The block diagram (UEL reference block is simplified) of UEL controller is shown in Figure B-10. The UEL
controller is summing type PI controller, and the controller is positioned to the outer loop of cascade structure.
If FCR operating mode is selected, the UEL control block is disabled.
The control output (VUEL) of UEL controller is summed with the setpoint (reference) of AVR controller. The
UEL control block consists of scaling (loop) gain (KG) and integral gain (KI), and both gains are adjustable.
The PI gains KG and KI may be tuned to the higher level than the gains of VAR/PF controller in order to get out
from the unstable operating condition when the generator reactive power is lower than the UEL reference.
P
f (QMIN, P, VC) VREF
0.3
Circular Type QUEL REF + +
+ VUEL +
Σ KG Σ Σ To PID Block
User defined - + -
VC Lookup Table 0
KI VC
Q
s AVR control block
Figure B-10 Block Diagram of UEL Controller
+Q Over Excitation region

+P
Under Excitation region
Segment 5
Circular UEL
(UEL1)
Segment 4
QMIN
Segment 3 User defined
UEL
Segment 2 (UEL2)
Segment 1
Figure B-11 Typical UEL Curve of Circular Characteristic and Piecewise linear Type
+Q Over Excitation region

+P
Under Excitation region
UEL at 90% Voltage
UEL at 100% Voltage

QMIN
UEL at 110% Voltage
Figure B-12 Typical Circular UEL Curve with different Generator Voltage

The HDEC2000 regulator supports both types of UEL model (type UEL1 and type UEL2) of IEEE 421.5
standard, and only one UEL model is selected by user. The first type UEL1 (called with circular characteristic
UEL) is corresponding to the Circular UEL of HDEC2000 regulator and the second type UEL2 (called with
piecewise linear UEL or multi segment UEL) is corresponding to Segment UEL of HDEC2000 regulator. The
typical UEL curves of two UEL models are shown in Figure B-11, and the typical Circular UEL curve with
different voltage level is shown in Figure B-12.
Any case of UEL model selection, the UEL reference is not fixed but calculated (or interpolated) value based
on the present active power, generator voltage and pre-defined reactive power segments configured by user
(and active power segments configured by user in case of UEL2).
If generator reactive power is lower than the calculated UEL reference, the excitation current may be
increased until the reactive power is above UEL reference.
Soft Start Function Model

The block diagram of soft start function is shown in Figure B-13. Soft start function block is enabled in both
cases of AVR mode and FCR mode. The control output of soft start function block is summed with the
setpoint of AVR controller (and FCR controller).
The soft start function block is designed for smoothing generator voltage buildup with minimal overshoot while
desired time from excitation on event.
VREF
+
VREF - VSS +
Σ To PID Block
-
0
VC
TSS - 1 AVR control block
Σ
TSS IE REF
+
-Tss +
Time from +
Σ To PI Block
Excitation ON Kss(FCR)
-
Kss(FCR) = IE_REF - (VSS * IE_REF) IE
FCR control block
Figure B-13 Block Diagram of Soft Start Function
When excitation on command is detected, the soft start function block linearly increases the AVR setpoint
from Soft Start Level (VSS) to nominal AVR Setpoint through Soft Start Time (TSS). The both parameters (soft
start level and soft start time) are adjustable. In case of FCR mode, the soft start function block reduces FCR
Setpoint based on the soft start level (VSS).
Under Frequency (V/F or V/Hz) Limiter Model

The block diagram of under frequency limiter (UFL) is shown in Figure B-14. UFL function block is enabled in
case of AVR mode only. The control output of UFL function block is summed with the setpoint (reference) of
AVR controller.
The UFL function block is designed for protecting the generator from damage due to excessive magnetic flux
caused by low-frequency operating condition.
VREF
0
+
F + +
Σ V_per_Hz Σ To PID Block
- -
-1.0 VC
FC AVR control block
Figure B-14 Block Diagram of Under Frequency Limiter
If the generator frequency is lower than the corner frequency (FC), the UFL function block reduces the AVR
setpoint based on the corner frequency and the reduction slope (V_per_Hz). The two parameters (corner
frequency and the reduction slope) are adjustable. The reduction slope is typically 0.8 …1.5 [V/Hz].

APPENDIX C. SPECIFICATIONS
Excitation Power Input

Phase: 1 or 3 phase power
Frequency: 40 to 400Hz
Nominal Input voltage range:
z 56 to 260Vac for single phase and three-phase (for PMG and station power application)
z 56 to 250Vac for single phase and three-phase (for shunt power application)
Maximum permissible Input voltage:
z 275Vac continuous for PMG power and station power
z 250Vac for shunt power, over than 250V (nominal secondary voltage of shunt transformer) is not
permitted due to the transient overshoot.
Maximum continues current: 20A for 1 phase, 13A for 3-phase.
Minimum shunt power for voltage buildup (typical):
6Vac without control power
3Vac with control power
1) For optimum dynamic response, input voltage level may be higher than 2 times of nominal.
2) For proper control precision, the input voltage level may be less than 4 times of nominal.
3) The magnitude of Input current is depending on the excitation current.
4) DC power source not exceed 360V is also available in case of no AC supply is available.
Excitation Power Output

Continuous current: 15Adc
Over load (maximum 10s): 30Adc
Maximum continuous control voltage: 150Vdc
Current reduction: 0.5A per ℃for ambient temperature > 60℃
1) Maximum 18Adc can be supplied continuously (ambient temperature <= 45℃.)
2) The controllable output voltage level is depending on the input voltage level.
Control Power Input

AC Input voltage: 60 to 230Vac, 50/60Hz, 120Vac is preferred.
DC Input voltage: 60 to 125Vdc
Burden: 50VA for AC, 30W for DC
1) No control power is required normally.

2) Control power must be supplied for below cases, in these cases, either AC or DC power source is accepted, but
only one source is available.
z Redundant system by Dual HDEC2000 units.
z Residual voltage is lower than 6Vac in case of shunt power application ( the residual voltage is measured at
excitation input terminals),
In case of second case, the pre-excitation power may be supplied alternatively during start up.

Generator Voltage Sensing Input

Burden: Maximum 1VA per phase
Phase configuration: 1 or 3 phase
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Input range: 110V, 220V or 460V
Input range selection: Selected by software automatically
Generator Current Sensing Input

Burden:
Less than 1VA for control (reactive droop) and monitoring
2VA for reactive differential compensation (CCC)
Phase configuration: 1 phase
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Range:
1A or 5A for control (reactive droop compensation) and monitoring
1A for Reactive differential compensation (cross current compensation)
Auxiliary Analogue (Remote Setpoint) Input

Voltage input: ±10V, (0 …10V or 1 …5V also available)
Current input: 4 to 20mA, (0 …20mA also available)
Input impedance: 100kΩ for voltage input, 150Ω for current input
Contactor (Digital) Input

Input Type: Dry contactor or potential free PLC open collector output (Dry contactor preferred)
Electrical rating: 24Vdc (open), 5mAdc (close)
Number of inputs:
7 inputs for fixed function
3 inputs for programmable function
Fixed input functions:
Excitation on/ off (Start/ Stop) command
FCR select (Auto/ Manual) command
Raise setpoint command
Lower setpoint command
Status of grid circuit breaker (GCB)
Status of machine circuit breaker (MCB)
Alarm reset command
Programmable input functions:
Preposition setpoint
Secondary unit
Local request
Secondary Soft Start

Digital Contact (Relay) Output

Type: Dry contact
Contact switching rating:
24Vdc, 5A
125Vdc, 0.2A
120/240Vac, 10A
Contactor continuous rating:
24Vdc, 5A
125Vdc, 5A
120/240Vac, 10A
Number of contactors:
1 relay output for watchdog fault
3 relay outputs for programmable logic
Assignable event: All operating statuses and fault events
Relay logic: Programmable NO or NC
(If NC logic is selected, contact is enabled while internal control power up)
Communication Ports
Com 0: RS232, on front panel, DB-9 connector for factory setup and commissioning
Com 1: CAN Port, on Right side DB-9 connector for redundant system (not supported now)
Com 2: RS-485, on Left side screw terminals for remote control and monitoring (read only now)
Regulation Mode and Performance

Control mode and accuracy:
AVR mode: ±0.25% of the nominal voltage @ ±0.1% stability
FCR mode: ±1.0% of the nominal excitation current
VAR mode: ±2.0% of the generator nominal apparent power
PF mode: ±0.02 PF of the power factor setpoint
Ready Mode: Excitation Off (in case of shunt power application with no control power)
Parallel compensation mode: Reactive droop and Reactive differential (cross-current)
Parallel compensation droop range: 0 to ±30%
Soft start function: 0 to 90% Start level, 1 to 200s Buildup time
Supported limitation function:
Over excitation limitation
Under excitation limitation
Stator current limitation
Under frequency limitation
Supported protective function:
Over voltage, Under voltage
Over current (constant time and inverse time characteristic)
Over excitation (constant time and inverse time characteristic), Under excitation

Loss of sensing, Loss of power

Open diode, Short diode
Short circuit protection of excitation output (supported by hardware)
Mode mismatch
Bump less operating mode transfer (internal tracking): support
Redundant configuration (Auto-tracking between two HDEC 2000 units): not activated now
Measuring Parameter of Front Panel Display (Range and Accuracy)

Generator voltage: 0 to 150% of input range, <1% (50/60 Hz)
Generator current: 0 to 140% of input range, <1% (50/60 Hz)
Active power: 0 to 200%@PF=1.0 of input range (voltage * current), <1% (50/60 Hz)
Frequency: 10 to 90Hz, ±0.1Hz
Power Factor: -0.5 to +0.5 PF, <0.02 pu
Excitation current: 0…38Adc, ±0.15A or ±1.0% of full range (whichever is greater)
Status Monitoring of Front Panel Display

Active control mode
Setpoint of active operating mode
Start, Stop status
Functional limiter status
Primary, Secondary unit status (redundant configuration)
All fault event supported by HDEC2000 unit
LED Function of Front Panel

Control power ON/OFF
Local control status
Remote control status
Setpoint limitation status
Fault event status
Environment
Operating temperature: -20 to 60 °C
Storage temperature: -20 to 70 °C
Operating humidity: 5 to 95% Related humidity (non-condensation)
Shock: IEC 60068-2-27
Vibration: IEC 60945
Physical Characteristics
Weight: 4.5kg
Dimension: 304 × 205 × 175 (H × W × D)
Protection class: IP20

CE Certifications
Applicable EC Directives
z Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC)
z EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
Applicable Standards
z EN 61010-1 (2001 Second edition):
Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, Part1:
General Requirements
z EN 61000-6-2 (2005)
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic Standard – Immunity for industrial
environments
z EN 61000-6-4 (2007)
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic Standard – Emission standard for industrial
environments

Revision History
Firmware Revision
Version Date Description
1.00 Sep 09, 2009 • Initial release (beta version for first commercial release)
• Non-commercial version, internal pre-development.
• Below functions are included (all basic functions are tested and verified.)
- adoption of true rms sensing algorithm
- four operating modes (AVR, FCR, VAR, PF)
- reactive droop compensation function
- soft start function
- under frequency limitation function
- auxiliary analog input processing for AVR, FCR, VAR mode
- OEL function
1.01 Jan, 09 - 2010 • First commercial version
• SCL function is added
• Interpolation filter of VAR/PF control block output is added
• Bug Fix of RS232 communication routine
1.10 Apr, 10 - 2010 • Minor bug fix of firmware V1.01
• D term filtering function of AVR mode is added
• Auxiliary input function for PF mode is added
• MCB, GCB status for HDCM software (communication parameter) is added
• PF setpoint processing (linear scaling) function is corrected
1.11 May 09, 2010 • Beta version for next official release (V1.20)
• Bump-less mode transfer (internal tracking) function is added
• Digital filter of VAR/PF controller output is added
• Below protective functions are added
- generator over voltage
- generator under voltage
- generator over current
- exciter over current
- loss of field
- Loss of sensing
- loss of power
- short Circuit Output
- mode mismatch
- diode fault monitor
• UEL function is added
• Setpoint auto save function is added
1.20 Oct 21, 2010 • The completed version for most operational functions
• MODBUS communication function (read only) is added
• RS232 protocols and EEPROM access algorithm are improved
Cont. Firmware Revision …


1.21 Nov 30, 2010 • Minor bug fix of firmware V1.20
• Firmware version display function is added
• Droop setting save function via front panel is corrected
- droop setting via front panel is not saved with earlier version
• Setpoint display format is corrected refer to user’s manual
• Fault message display function is corrected
- only one fault message (last occurred) is displayed with earlier version
1.22 Apr 16, 2011 • Improved release of firmware V1.20 and V1.2.1
• Time dividing algorithm of each processing block is optimized
• Upgrade of user interface (front panel) function
- single page display function is expanded with multi page display function
- parameter configuration function via front panel is supported
- some operational function via front panel is added
- fault information display based on text message is replaced with fault ID
- UFL message is changed with [V/F] message from [UFL]
- setpoint limitation status is assigned (added) with front panel [Limit LED]
• Ready Mode function for shunt application with no control power is added
• Secondary soft start function and related function is added
- [Soft Start Level 2] and [Soft Start Time 2] parameters are added
- [Soft Start Delay] and [Buildup Detect Zone] parameters are added
- Secondary soft start programmable digital input function is added
• Kinds of analog input are expanded
- 0 …10V, 1 …5V and 0 …20mA range are added
- Unipolar option is added
• Setpoint Auto Save function is changed
- FCR mode Setpoint Auto Save function is removed
- stop event detection algorithm is improved
• Differentiation algorithm of AVR controller is changed
- error differentiation is adopted from differentiation of generator voltage
• Control algorithm of SCL block is changed
- SCL function with under excitation region is disregarded
- SCL error prediction algorithm is improved.
• Control algorithm of UEL block is improved
- limiting level of UEL control output is changed (from 0.5 to 0.3)
- UEL activation logic is changed (exception logic is added)
- UEL reference calculation algorithm (voltage dependency) is added
• On-line, Off-line OEL Option (dynamic option) is added
• Internal tracking option parameters are added
- Enabled option is changed to Auto Manual Only option.
- From VAR/PF to AVR option is added
- All Mode option is added


1.23 May 29, 2011 • Minor improve version of firmware V1.22
• The limiting function of analog input signal is added
• Setpoint limiting boundary of inactive operating mode is changed
- Out-of-bounds analog input is disregarded for bump-less mode transfer
function
• Soft start parameters are replaced depending on the generator voltage
• bug fix for AVR mode setpoint display on the front panel
• bug fix of Dynamic OEL option
1.24 Oct 17, 2011 • Front panel display format change
- Analog page format of monitor mode is changed

HDCM Software Revision

1.00 Sep 09, 2009 • Initial release
• Non- commercial version, for internal pre-develop
1.01 Jan 09, 2010 • First commercial version
• Configuration parameters for firmware version 1.01 are added
1.10 Apr 10, 2010 • Configuration parameters for firmware version 1.10 are added
1.11 May 09, 2010 • Configuration parameters for firmware version 1.11 are added
1.20 Oct 21, 2010 • Configuration parameters for firmware version 1.20 are added
• Control gain estimation function is added
• MODBUS communication parameters are added
• RS232 communication protocols is improved
1.21 Apr 16, 2011 • Update for firmware revision (V1.22)
• Default parameter for some function (e.g. UEL) are changed
Manual Revision
Version First Release Description
A Sep 09, 2009 • Initial release
• Non- commercial version, for internal pre-documentation only
B Jan 15, 2010 • First commercial version
• Revision for firmware V1.01 and HDCM software V1.01
C Nov 30, 2010 • Update for firmware revision (V1.1 …V1.21)
• Update for HDCM software revision (V1.1 …V1.20)
• CE certificate is added
• Mathematical models are added
D Apr 10, 2011 • Update for firmware revision (V1.22 …1.24) and HDCM software V1.21
• SCL mathematical model is changed
• UEL mathematical model is changed
• UEL definitions are changed
- Internal UEL is changed with Circular UEL
- Customized UEL is changed with Segment UEL
• Description for excitation on control logic is added
• Control gain estimation algorithm is improved
• Some typical range of control gains are changed

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Digital Excitation Systems

HDEC 2000 User’s Manual

13.21kV Hz: 60.01 ON

Digital Voltage Regulator

Electro Electric Systems

Headquarters (Rotating Machinery Design Department):

Seoul Office (Rotating Machinery Sales Department):

Service Inquiries: +82 52 202 6671

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We use notes of safety considerations throughout this manual when necessary.

This symbol indicates a dangerous situation. If not avoided, either

! CAUTION personal injury or damage to the equipment will occur

This symbol indicates useful or critical information for successful

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd 3 Electro Electric Systems

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We, the manufactu

Product: Digital Excita

his declaration relates is

pecification of the test and

est (according to LVD):

EMC Tesst (according to EMCD):

Place: Ulsan, Korea

J.O. Kim / General Ma

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ………………………..........................……….………………5

SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

SECTION 2. INSTALLATION AND HARDWARE

SECTION 3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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Limitation Functions .....................................................................................................................45

SECTION 5. USER INTERFACE

Functions of each Component ….................................................................................................86

SECTION 7. TROUBLE SHOOTING

Appendix A. Configuration Parameter ................................................................................99

Revision History …………………………….………………………………………….………120

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SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Control and Regulation Functions

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Input and Output Interfaces

z PWM excitation output power (rated 15A@60deg.C)

Monitoring Parameters via Front Panel Display

z Excitation on/off information

Monitoring Item via Front Panel LED

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Setup Software Capability

User’s Local Access

RS232 (Configuration by HDCM)

RS485 (Remote Access)

Digital Output (Alarm & information)

Cross Current (Parallel operation)

Figure 1-1 Simplified Overall IO and internal architecture of HDEC2000

Control Software and Function Blocks

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Excitation Power Flow

Sensing Input and Auxiliary Input

Digital Input and Output

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