1 Grammar Time3 Key 01 48

Grammar Time 3 key.
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© Virginia Evans – Jenny Dooley, 2015
Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2015
First published 2015

Fifth impression 2021
Made in EU
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means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.
This book is not meant to be changed in any way.
ISBN 978-1-4715-3809-4
Contents
Starter Unit ...................................................... p. 4 Unit 12 ............................................................p. 29
Unit 1 ............................................................... p. 6 Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12) .............. p. 29
Unit 2 ............................................................... p. 8 Unit 13 ............................................................p. 31
Unit 3 ............................................................... p. 9 Unit 14 ............................................................p. 32
Exploring Grammar i (Starter-Unit 3) ............ p. 11 Unit 15 ............................................................p. 33
Unit 4 ............................................................. p. 14 Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15) .............. p. 33
Unit 5 ............................................................. p. 17 Unit 16 ............................................................p. 34
Exploring Grammar ii (Units 3-5) ................... p. 17 Unit 17 ............................................................p. 36
Unit 6 ............................................................. p. 18 Unit 18 ............................................................p. 37
Unit 7 ..............................................................p. 20 Unit 19 ............................................................p. 38
Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) .................. p. 21 Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19) ............. p. 39
Unit 8 ............................................................. p. 22 Unit 20 ........................................................... p. 40
Unit 9 ............................................................. p. 23 Unit 21 ........................................................... p. 42
Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) .................. p. 25 Unit 22 ........................................................... p. 44
Unit 10 ............................................................ p. 26 Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22) ............ p. 44
Unit 11 ............................................................p. 27 Further Practice Material ............................... p. 46
3
Key
Starter Unit b) How many in Picture A is used in an

interrogative sentence with a plural countable
1 2 behind 4 in front of 6 on
noun (apples) to ask about number. A lot
3 next to 5 between 7 on top of
of/lots of is used in an affirmative sentence
with a plural countable noun (apples).
2 2 on the platform 5 at college
A few in Picture B is used in an affirmative
3 in hospital 6 on an island
sentence with a plural countable noun (apples).
4 at the airport
It has a positive meaning and expresses the
idea of not many but enough.
3 2 above 6 against 10 into
(Very) few in Picture C is used in an affirmative
3 along 7 through 11 out of
sentence with a plural countable noun
4 opposite 8 near 12 over
(apples). It has a negative meaning and
5 under 9 on
expresses the idea of hardly any, almost no.
How much in Picture D is used in an
4 2 in 5 – 8 at 11 in 14 In
interrogative sentence with an uncountable
3 on 6 – 9 on 12 at 15 on
noun (milk) to ask about quantity. A little is
4 At 7 in 10 at 13 at
used in an affirmative sentence with an
uncountable noun (milk). It has a positive
5 2 at 5 through 8 in
meaning and expresses the idea of not much
3 beside 6 at 9 along
but enough. Some is used in an affirmative
4 across 7 on 10 at
sentence with an uncountable noun (flour).
(Very) little in Picture E is used in an affirmative
6 2 B 4 A 6 C 8 B 10 A
sentence with an uncountable noun (milk). It has
3 C 5 B 7 A 9 C
a negative meaning and expresses the idea of
hardly any, almost no. Any is used in a negative
Speaking
sentence with an uncountable noun (flour).
(Suggested Answers)
A: There’s a man sleeping under a tree. 8 1 some 3 any, some 5 any, some
B: There’s a squirrel climbing up a tree. 2 some, any 4 any, some
A: There are two people sitting on a bench.
B: There’s a woman running along the path. 9 1 much 4 How many, many
2 many 5 much, lots
7 Note: This type of exercise can be used in two 3 many, a lot
ways:
a) the teacher can use it to present/elicit the 10 2 too many 5 too much 8 too much
grammar theory. She/He asks the students to 3 too much 6 too many
look at the picture(s) and elicits/explains the 4 too many 7 too much
form and/or the uses of the grammatical
structures using the example. 11 2 a little 3 a few 4 a little 5 a few
b) The teacher can use it as an oral drill, after
she/he has explained the grammar boxes to 12 2 little 4 many 6 little
consolidate the grammar theory and check 3 few 5 much 7 few
that the students have fully understood it.
13 2 How much 6 few 10 many
a) Quantifiers in Picture A: how many, a lot of/lots 3 much 7 little 11 How much
of. 4 many 8 much
Quantifiers in Picture B: a few. 5 How many 9 much
Quantifiers in Picture C: (very) few.
Quantifiers in Picture D: how much, a little, 14 2 A 4 B 6 A 8 C
some. 3 C 5 A 7 B
Quantifiers in Picture E: (very) little, any.
4
Key
15 2 how many 6 a few A: How often do you buy new clothes?

3 too much/ a lot of/ lots of 7 much B: I buy new clothes once a week.
4 a lot of/ lots of/ too much 8 many A: How much do you usually spend?
5 any B: I usually spend £20-50.
A: Who do you buy clothes for?
Speaking B: I buy clothes for myself.
(Suggested Answers) A: Why do you like shopping for clothes at Macy’s?
B: I like shopping for clothes at Macy’s because it’s
A: On Fridays, Tony eats some sandwiches.
got a big variety and it’s reasonably priced.
B: On Saturdays, he eats very few eggs.
A: On Fridays, Tony doesn’t eat many portions of
20 2 him 4 They 6 them 8 I, it
vegetables.
3 us 5 you, me 7 He
B: On Saturdays, he eats some pieces of chocolate.
A: On Fridays, Tony eats a lot of slices of pizza.
21 2 your, his 4 your, hers 6 His, her
B: On Saturdays, he drinks very few cups of tea/very
3 their, theirs 5 your, ours
little tea.
A: On Fridays, Tony doesn’t eat many nuts.
22 2 It’s 3 its 4 It’s 5 its 6 It’s
B: On Saturdays, he doesn’t eat many biscuits.
A: On Fridays, Tony doesn’t drink many glasses of
23 2 a three hours’ drive
water/much water.
3 Ellen and Mike’s shop
B: On Saturdays, he drinks a lot of water.
4 the jungles of Africa
5 the boys’ books
16 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 C
6 Anna’s mobile phone
7 some cousins of my father’s
17 2 when 5 How far 8 how old
8 my brother-in-law’s car
3 how long 6 How much 9 which
9 Mrs Ellis’ cat
4 Where 7 How many 10 What
10 the children’s toys
18 2 What does he like doing in his free time?
24 2 She 5 women’s 8 mine
3 How many instruments can he play?
3 our 6 yours 9 them
4 When does he practise?
4 Its 7 Luke and Emma’s 10 optician’s
5 Where does he rehearse?
6 How far is it from his house?
Speaking
7 Who drives him there?
8 How often do they practise? (Suggested Answers)
A: What do you think of Downtown Abbey?
19 2 Where is he from? B: I really like it. It has got a great plot and its
3 Why does he live in the UK? countryside setting is amazing.
4 Where does he live? A: What do you think of Adele?
5 How long does it take him to walk to his B: I really like her. She’s got an amazing voice. Her
lectures? songs are great too.
6 What does Ivar like doing in his spare time? A: What do you think of Jennifer Aniston?
7 How often does he go to rowing practice? B: I think she’s a good actress. I really enjoyed her
8 Why does he enjoy rowing? TV character in Friends.
A: What do you think of The Hobbit?
Speaking B: I don’t like it. I think it is very long and its story is
(Suggested Answers) weak.
A: What do you think of Cristiano Ronaldo?
A: Where do you live?
B: I think he is a brilliant football player. His technique
B: I live in Madrid.
is incredible and most young children around the
A: What do you do?
world admire him.
B: I’m a shop assistant.
5
Key
25 2 haven’t 6 aren’t 10 hasn’t Verbs in picture C: does… arrive (present

3 can 7 can’t 11 isn’t simple), is always running (present
4 ’m not 8 Have 12 Are continuous)
5 has 9 Can Verbs in picture D: is becoming (present
continuous)
26 2 has got 5 are 8 haven’t got Verbs in picture E: sings (present simple),
3 is 6 can, can’t is…coming out (present continuous), aren’t
4 has got 7 are releasing (present continuous)
27 2 Are, are, can b) The present simple and the present

3 Have…got, haven’t, ’ve got continuous are formed as follows:
4 Can, can’t present simple:
5 Is, isn’t, ’s • affirmative: I/you/we/they + main verb,
6 Can, can’t, haven’t got he/she/ it + main verb + -s
7 Has…got, has, is • negative: I/you/we/they + do not/don’t +
8 Have…got, have, ’s main verb, he/she/it does not/doesn’t +
main verb
28 2 am 7 can 12 is • interrogative: Do I/you/we/they + main
3 ’ve got 8 ’ve got 13 can’t verb, Does he/she/it + main verb
4 are 9 is 14 can
present continuous:
5 ’ve got 10 is
• affirmative: I am + main verb + -ing,
6 haven’t got 11 ’s got
we/you/ they + are + main verb + -ing,
he/she/it + is + main verb + -ing
Speaking
• negative: I + am not/’m not + main verb +
(Suggested Answers) -ing, we/you/they + are not/aren’t + main
I haven’t got green eyes. I’ve got a laptop. verb + -ing, he/she/it + is not/isn’t + main
I’m tall. I can’t ride a horse. verb + -ing
I’m not 16 years old. I can play the piano. • interrogative: Am I + main verb + -ing, Are
I’m not a history student. I can’t sing. we/you/they + main verb + -ing, Is he/she/it
I’ve got one brother. I can speak English. + main verb + -ing
I haven’t got a cat. I’m not an only child.
c) The tenses in the pictures show the following
I haven’t got a skateboard. I can play basketball.
uses:
Picture A: moves: a law of nature
Writing
Picture B: work: a permanent state, am helping
(Suggested Answer) out: a temporary situation
Hi! My name is Mandy. I have got long hair and blue Picture C: does…arrive: a timetable (future
eyes. I am tall and thin. reference), is always running: an expression of
I’m 17 years old and I’m an Economics student at anger or annoyance at a repeated action with
university. I am not an only child, as I’ve got one adverbs such as always.
brother. I haven’t got a cat. I have got a laptop but I Picture D: is becoming: a currently changing
haven’t got a skateboard. I can’t ride a horse but I can and developing situation
ride a bike. I can play the piano very well but I can’t Picture E: sings: a review, is…coming out,
sing. I can speak English but I can’t play basketball. aren’t releasing: fixed arrangement in the near
future
Unit 1 2 2 cries 5 kisses 8 wishes

1 a) Verbs in picture A: moves (present simple) 3 fixes 6 matches 9 does
Verbs in picture B: work (present simple), am 4 says 7 listens 10 takes
helping out (present continuous)
6
Key
3 /s/ : drinks, stops, chats, sits 11 2 finish, are closing 4 stops, is leaving
/z/: enjoys, gives, runs, begins 3 eat, are meeting 5 walk, are driving
/iz/ : teaches, brushes, misses, catches, changes
12 2 on Thursdays 6 every year
4 1 doesn’t arrive 3 today 7 this evening
2 Does Jo work, lives 4 always 8 now
3 Do Ben and Ashley play, go 5 still
4 does Alex do, hangs out
13 1 is visiting, isn’t staying
5 + -ing : talking, buying 2 Are you doing, I’m taking
-e → -ing : giving, writing, making 3 Does Laura usually sit, isn’t coming, is working
-ie → y + -ing : dying 4 Is Julia taking part, practises
double consonant + -ing: stopping, beginning 5 do Anna and Kevin finish, usually finish, ’re
staying
6 2 No, she isn’t. She’s drinking a cup of coffee.
3 No, he isn’t. He’s standing on the platform. 14 1 ’m looking
4 No, she isn’t. She’s talking on the phone. 2 fits, belongs
5 No, he isn’t. He’s buying a ticket. 3 Do you want, prefer
4 don’t know, are having
7 a) Adverbs of frequency show us how often 5 seem, am thinking
something happens.
15 2 looks, am looking 4 is thinking, think
b) They go before the main verb, but after the 3 is appearing, appears 5 is seeing, see
auxiliary verbs be, have, do and modal verbs
such as can, will, must, etc. 16 2 ’m taking 10 are wearing
3 ’m working 11 are serving
8 2 Kelly is never late for college. 4 usually arrive 12 sounds
3 My flatmate often asks me to cook dinner. 5 don’t leave 13 are you doing
4 Laura can sometimes be careless. 6 love 14 ’m not doing
5 Annie is rarely at home these days. 7 teach 15 ’m thinking
6 Peter seldom plays hockey at the weekends. 8 volunteer 16 Do you want
7 Juliette has always wanted to go scuba diving. 9 ’re having
8 Joseph never eats seafood – he can’t stand it!
9 Tracey doesn’t usually go to the gym on 17 2 Are you using, Yes, I am. / No, I’m not
weekdays. 3 Are you doing, Yes, I am / No, I’m not
10 Kim often hangs out with her friends at the 4 Do you play, Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
mall. 5 Does your dad work, Yes, he does. / No, he
doesn’t.
9 2 Lucinda rarely/seldom wears casual clothes. 6 Does your mum have, Yes, she does. / No, she
3 Joe and Anna are never lazy. doesn’t.
4 Do you often buy clothes at Topshop? 7 Do you surf the Net, Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
5 Trevor is always polite. 8 Is your best friend sitting, Yes, he/she is. / No,
6 Andy usually starts work at 8.30. he/she isn’t.
7 Does Michelle often drive to college?
8 I can usually understand TV programmes in 18 2 never start work 5 goes out
French. 3 twice a 6 works in
4 am going
10 2 present continuous, f 6 present simple, d
3 present simple, e 7 present simple, a
4 present simple, g 8 present continuous, b
5 present continuous, c
7
Key
Speaking b) Who and which are the relative pronouns that

(Suggested Answers) can be replaced by that in a defining relative
clause. Why is the relative adverb that can be
A: What do you usually do in your free time?
replaced by that.
B: Well, I usually play football after classes. At the
weekend, I often go mountain climbing with my
2 2 who’s 4 whose 6 who’s
cousin. What about you?
3 who’s 5 whose
A: I don’t like being very busy on Saturday so I
often play computer games. On Sundays, I
3 2 who 4 why 6 which
usually go to the gym.
3 when 5 where
B: What are you doing this weekend?
A: I’m going camping with my friends. What about
4 2 d, who 5 g, which 8 a, whose
you?
3 f, where 6 c, why
B: I’m helping my dad in the garden.
4 h, when 7 b, who
Writing
5 2 You always want clothes which/ that are really
(Suggested Answer) expensive.
Hi Sam! 3 That’s the office where my dad works.
How are you! I’m so glad the weekend is almost here. 4 Tomorrow is the day when I’m having my job
I’m planning to do something different this weekend. interview.
You know how I love sports, right? I usually play football 5 I can’t understand why you are always losing
after classes during the week and I often go mountain your keys.
climbing with my cousin at the weekend. Well, this 6 I like the jacket which/that you wear to college.
weekend I’m doing something more relaxing! I’m going 7 This is the place where we park our car.
camping with my friends. If you’re not doing anything 8 Kelly is the girl whose brother is an actor.
special this weekend why don’t you come with us? I
know you’ll like it. 6 2 which/that, (O – omitted)
Let me know, 3 who/that, (S – not omitted)
Timothy 4 whose, (S – not omitted)
5 which/that, (O – omitted)
6 who/that, (S – not omitted)
Unit 2 7 when, (O- omitted)
1 a) The relative pronouns in the example are: 8 which/that, (S – not omitted)
who, whose, which
The relative adverbs in the example are: 7 2 which/that, D (omitted - no commas)
where, when, why 3 whose, ND (not omitted – put commas after
The defining relative clauses in the example Simmons and after Street)
are: …who I usually go to the gym with …, … 4 who, ND (not omitted – put commas after
whose sister works at the hairdresser’s …, … Laura and after 25)
where you sometimes go, …the day when I was 5 which D (omitted – no commas)
ill, the reason why you keep forgetting things. 6 where D (not omitted – no commas)
The non-defining relative clauses in the 7 which ND (not omitted – put commas after car
example are: ..., which I’m reading for English and after college)
class, ... 8 whose ND (not omitted – put commas after
A defining relative clause gives necessary Tom and after Spain)
information that is essential to the meaning of 9 when D (omitted – no commas)
the main sentence. It is not put in commas. A 10 which/that D (omitted – no commas)
non-defining relative clause gives extra
information and is not essential to the meaning 8 2 C 4 B 6 B 8 A
of the main sentence. It is put in commas. 3 B 5 C 7 C
8
Key
9 2 which 4 who 6 why noun day, the adjectives happy, excited and
3 where 5 when special describe the noun occasion. The fact
adjectives long and black describe the noun
10 2 who is 6 where Mandy gowns.
3 (when/that) Dad leaves 7 which/that Opinion and fact adjectives appear in the
4 which/that I’m belongs following order in a sentence: opinion, size,
5 who is 8 (why) I love age, shape, colour, origin, material.
11 (Suggested Answer) c) The adjective excited describes how a person

2 where there are no shops. feels and the adjective amazing describes
3 whose mum is a vet. what the party is like. Adjectives ending in -ed
4 Saturday … when I usually sleep late. describe how a person feels and adjectives
5 why my friend Betty is upset. ending in -ing describe what something is like.
6 which make me laugh.
2 2 smart, new, black 4 beautiful,
Speaking 3 old, blue, American big, wooden
(Suggested Answers)
3 2 tiring 4 exciting 6 bored
A: Formula 1.
3 frightened 5 annoyed
B: Formula 1 is the sport which/that Lewis Hamilton
is famous for.
4 a) The adverbs in bold in the example express
A: 2004.
the following: really and very express degree,
B: 2004 was the year when the Olympic Games took
hardly, often and usually express frequency,
place in Athens.
well and hard express manner, near expresses
A: New York.
place and at the weekends expresses time.
B: New York is the city where Beyonce lives.
A: Steve Tyler.
b) We usually form adverbs by adding -ly to an
B: Steve Tyler is a singer whose daughter is an
adjective.
actress.
Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take
-y.
Writing
Adjectives ending in -l take -ly.
(Suggested Answers) Adjectives ending in a consonant + -y drop the
10.30 pm is the time when I go to bed. -y and take -ily.
Crime Watch is the programme which I sometimes Adjectives ending in -ic take -ally. (exception:
watch on TV. public-publicly)
My best friend is the person who I often talk to on the Adjectives ending in -e take -ly. (exception:
phone. true-truly)
Zara is the shop where I usually buy my clothes.
c) Adverbs can appear before the main verb,
after the main verb and after the auxiliary or
Unit 3 modal verb, depending on what they are
1 a) The adjectives amazing, long, black and describing. They can also appear at the
special go before the nouns they describe. beginning of the sentence for emphasis.
Happy and excited go after the verb look.
5 2 strangely 7 tragically 12 badly
b) The opinion adjectives in the example are: 3 easily 8 happily 13 possibly
amazing, happy, excited and special 4 helpfully 9 gracefully 14 early
The fact adjectives in the example are: long 5 fast 10 well 15 busily
and black. 6 suitably 11 publicly 16 wisely
The opinion adjective amazing describes the
9
Key
6 2 extremely – degree 7 rather – degree Adjectives of one syllable ending in vowel +

3 patiently – manner 8 upstairs – place consonant double the last consonant and add
4 now – time 9 outside – place -er/-est
5 quietly – manner 10 lately – time For two-syllable adjectives ending in -ly, -y, -w,
6 rarely – frequency we add -er/-est or -ier /-iest.
For adjectives of two or more syllables we use
7 Adjective: lonely, friendly, right, straight, good, the words more/most before the adjective to
elderly form the comparative/superlative.
Adverb: carelessly, softly, angrily, suddenly, well We form the comparative/superlative of adverbs
Adjective and adverb: high, long, right, straight, by adding -er/-est to the adverbs that have the
deep same form as their adjectives.
For adverbs ending in -y we replace the -y with
8 2 Mr Thomas arrived in the office suddenly half -ier/-iest to form the comparative/superlative.
an our ago. For two-syllable adverbs and those ending in -
3 Penny is quite upset at the moment. / At the ly we use the words more/most before the
moment, Penny is quite upset. adverb to form the comparative/superlative.
4 Michael reads quietly upstairs in the evenings. /
We use the comparative to compare one
In the evenings, Michael reads quietly upstairs.
person or thing with another.
5 We usually get up late on Sundays. / On
Sundays, we usually get up late. We use the superlative to compare one person
6 Our neighbours sometimes argue loudly at or thing with more than one person or thing of
night. the same group.
7 Maria often works out at the gym in the
mornings. / In the mornings, Maria often works b) Types of comparisons in the example: very +
out at the gym. positive degree (very good) – it emphasises the
adjective; by far + the superlative (by far the
9 2 lately 6 short 10 stone cleverest) – it emphasises the difference
3 golden 7 silk 11 deeply between one person and more people of the
4 free 8 hardly 12 shortly same group
5 nearly 9 highly
12 2 the biggest
10 2 awful 5 terrified 8 late 3 peaceful
3 heavily 6 Lucky 9 really 4 more peaceful
4 loudly 7 interesting 10 nearly 5 happy
6 happiest
Speaking 7 more expensive
(Suggested Answers) 8 the most expensive
9 good/well
B Jim is holding the baby gently. / Jim is gently
10 the best
holding the baby.
11 more
C Ryan is checking his homework carefully. / Ryan
12 beautiful
is carefully checking his homework.
13 the most beautiful
D The friends are watching the film happily. / The
14 clever
friends are happily watching the film.
15 the most clever/the cleverest
E Kim is playing the guitar well.
F Alex is working hard in his garage.
13 2 harder, the hardest
3 worse, the worst
11 a) We form the comparative/superlative of one
4 earlier, the earliest
syllable adjectives by adding -(e)r/-(e)st to
5 nearer, the nearest
adjectives of one syllable.
6 more quietly, the most quietly
10
Key
14 2 less 5 slightly 8 a lot Writing

3 by far 6 even 9 as (Suggested Answer)
4 most 7 far 10 much
Hi Jane!
I hope you’re well. You’ve asked me to help you
15 2 the most interesting 4 happier
choose a job, so let me tell you what I think. The
3 more clearly 5 more calmly
waitress’ and the babysitter’s jobs are not as well-paid
as the shop assistant’s. The waitress’ and the shop
16 2 B 4 A 6 B 8 B 10 C 12 C
assistant’s jobs have longer working hours and are
3 C 5 C 7 A 9 B 11 A
further away from your house than the babysitter’s job.
Also, the babysitter’s and waitress’ jobs are less
17 2 more fluently 7 more elegantly
exciting and want you to dress less formally than the
3 quieter 8 the tallest
shop assistant’s job. So, I believe the best job is the
4 the most beautifully 9 colder
shop assistant’s because it is the best- paid and most
5 quickly as 10 more carefully
exciting of all.
6 the most important
Let me know what you choose!
Cynthia
18 2 B 5 C 8 B 11 B 14 A
3 A 6 C 9 C 12 C 15 C
4 B 7 A 10 B 13 B Exploring Grammar i (Starter-Unit 3)
19 2 more interesting 5 less helpful than 1 a) 1 are you doing 9 is studying
3 the biggest 6 the easiest 2 ’m volunteering 10 wants
4 more patient 3 think 11 live
4 start 12 take
Speaking 5 clean 13 ’m not doing
6 feed 14 are you all coming
(Suggested Answers)
7 sounds 15 doesn’t cost
A: The waitress’ job has longer working hours than 8 ’m meeting
the babysitter job.
B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job has the longest b) A) a fixed arrangement in the near future
working hours of all. (present continuous): are you doing, ’m
A: The waitress’ job is further from my house than meeting, ’m not doing, are you all coming
the babysitter’s job. B) a stative verb (present simple): think,
B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job is the furthest sounds, wants, doesn’t cost
from the house of all. C) a temporary action (present
A: The waitress’ job is more exciting than the continuous): ’m volunteering, is studying
babysitter’s job. D) a daily routine (present simple): start,
B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job is the most clean, feed, take
exciting of all. E) a permanent state (present simple): live
A: The waitress’ job needs me to dress more
formally than the babysitter’s job. c) The present continuous can also be used:
B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job needs you to • to describe currently changing and
dress the most formally of all. developing situations: Computers are
A: So, which one should I choose? becoming smaller every year.
B: Well, I believe the best job is the shop assistant’s. • with adverbs such as always to express
It is the best-paid and the most exciting of all. anger or irritation at a repeated action. You
are always talking on the phone.
The present simple can also be used to
describe:
• timetables and programmes: The buses to
11
Key
York run every hour. The play begins in half Samantha is smelling her new washing liquid. (=
an hour. she is sniffing)
• general truths and laws of nature: Water
Mr Jones appears to be very happy today. (=he
freezes at 0°C.
seems)
• sporting commentaries, reviews and
Celine Dion is appearing in Las Vegas. (=is
narrations: Tom Hanks acts brilliantly in
performing)
“Forrest Gump”.
These jeans fit you great! (= they are the right size)
2 Adverbs of frequency in the blog: always, Bob is fitting some kitchen cupboards. (=he is
usually installing)
I always brush my teeth before I go to bed. I
usually listen to music on my way to college. 4 Defining relative-clause in the blog: (It’s the part
We place an adverb of frequency before the main of the day) which I enjoy the most.
verb and after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and Non defining-clause in the blog: (Amy), who is
modal verbs such as can, will, must, etc. studying Zoology at Bristol University, (wants)
A defining relative clause gives necessary
3 a) A stative verb is a verb which describes a state information and is essential to the meaning of the
rather than an action, and does not normally main sentence. We do not put the clause in
have continuous tenses. commas. A non-defining relative clause gives extra
Stative verbs in the text: think, sounds, wants, information and is not essential to the meaning of
doesn’t cost the main sentence. The clause is put in commas.
b) has shows possession whereas are having 5 Comparative in the blog: bigger than
means are holding. Superlative in the blog: the best, the most
Type of comparison in the blog: as scary as
c) other stative verbs that have continuous We use the comparative to compare one person
forms: be, think, look, see, feel, taste, smell, or thing with another.
appear, fit We use the superlative to compare one person or
thing with more than one person or thing of the
Examples: same group.
Nathan is a rude teenager. (= character- permanent We use (not) as + adjective/adverb + as to show
state) that two people or things are similar/different in
Maria is being very rude today. (=she is behaving- some way.
temporary state)
6 a) Quantifiers in the blog: many, a few, very few,
I think it will snow. (=I believe)
much
I’m thinking about going to Paris for Christmas.
Other quantifiers: some/a lot (of), (a) few/(too)
(= I am considering)
many, (a) little, (too) much, no, not any, not
This shirt looks great. (=appears) many, not much, (how) many, (how) much
The young boy is looking outside the window. • Some and any are used with uncountable
(=he is taking a look at) nouns and plural countable nouns.
• no can be used instead of not any in the
I see why you like this restaurant so much.
negative.
(=understand)
• a lot of/lots of can be used in affirmative
I’m seeing my dentist this afternoon. (=I am meeting)
sentences with plural countable nouns and
This pie tastes fantastic! (= it has a fantastic taste) uncountable nouns.
The chef is tasting the sauce. (= he is tasting the • much and many are used in interrogative
flavour). and negative sentences. Much goes
before uncountable nouns and many goes
These roses smell amazing. (= they have a nice
before plural countable nouns.
aroma)
12
Key
• too many can be used with plural countable 8 a) personal subject pronouns in the blog: I, it,
nouns and has a negative meaning. they, you, we
• too much can be used with uncountable object pronouns in the blog: them, (show) you
nouns and has a negative meaning.
• A few/few is used with plural countable b) possessive adjectives in the blog: their, my
nouns After possessive adjectives come nouns.
• A little/little is used with uncountable nouns.
c) possessive case in the blog: snakes’, Amy’s
b) A few means not many but enough and has a We form the possessive case as follows:
positive meaning, whereas (very) few means • singular nouns + ’s – the lady’s bag
hardly any, almost no and has a negative • regular plural noun + - ’ – the students’
meaning. textbooks
A little means not much but enough and has a • irregular plural noun + ’s – the children’s
positive meaning, whereas (very) little means toys
hardly any, almost no and has a negative • compound noun + ’s – my sister-in-law’s
meaning. car
• ’s after the last of two or more names to
7 a) Question words in the blog: what, when show common possession BUT we add ’s
What is used to ask about things. in both names if the possession isn’t
When is used to ask about time. common. – Frank and Sue’s new house;
Mrs Smith’s and Mr Ronson’s cars.
whose shows possession.
• of + inanimate thing/abstract noun – a ray
why shows reason
of sunshine
how shows manner.
• of + possessive case/possessive pronoun
where shows place.
when there is a determiner or article before
the noun. – this habit of yours; a friend of
b) (Suggested answers)
Colin’s
A: When is she meeting her friend Amy for • of + people – the house of one of my friends
lunch? • ’s/of to talk about places/organisation
B: At 1 o’clock. – Spain’s culture/ the culture of Spain
A: What is Amy studying at Bristol University? • phrases of place +’s – the chemist’s
B: Zoology. • time/distance expression +’s/’ – a four
A: How many lions has Bristol Zoo got? days’ stay
B: A few. • to singular names ending in –s we can
A: Which part of the day does she enjoy the either add ’s or just an apostrophe.
most? – James’/ James’s bike
B: When she takes visitors on tours around • plural names ending –s take an apostrophe,
the zoo. just like with other plurals – the Browns’
A: Where are they having a special show for shop
the children?
B: Inside the Reptile House. Revision i (Starter – Unit 3)
A: Who is she meeting for lunch at 1 o’clock?
1 C 6 B 11 A 16 B 21 B
B: Her friend Amy.
2 B 7 A 12 B 17 B 22 A
A: How much does it cost to enter the zoo?
3 A 8 A 13 C 18 C 23 A
B: It doesn’t cost much.
4 C 9 C 14 B 19 B 24 A
A: Why is she always excited to get to work?
5 B 10 A 15 A 20 A 25 C
B: Because she thinks it’s the best job in the
world.
Grammar in Focus
A 1 believe 3 on
2 is 4 are holding
13
Grammar Time 3 key.qxp_Grammar Time 3 key 3/28/18 6:44 PM Page 14
Key
B 1 have 3 our 5 his Alternatively, Ss can create a chain story using the
2 who 4 plays prepositions.
e.g. S1: When I was at the party. I accused
C 1 can 2 much 3 fast Sarah of taking my coat.
S2: However, I later realised I had left it in
D 1 In 3 best the car and apologised to Sarah for
2 are having 4 the shouting at her.
S3: I shouldn’t have blamed Sarah for
Phrasal Verbs i taking my coat.
1 Note: Present the table(s) on the relevant page and 1 1 with 4 towards/ to 7 for
go through the phrasal verbs with Ss. Check 2 by/ about 5 in 8 on
understanding of the form verb + particle. 3 of 6 at
Elicit/Explain the meaning of the phrasal verbs by
writing more examples on the board. Assign the 2 1 into 3 in 5 from 7 with 9 with
relevant exercises as written homework. Next time 2 at 4 at 6 to 8 for 10 of
check the phrasal verbs by asking Ss to make
sentences using them. 3 1 A 3 C 5 C
e.g. T: break into 2 B 4 A 6 B
S: The burglars broke into our local shop
last night. Word Formation
Alternatively, a student can draw a simple sketch
4 1 engineer 3 designer 5 musician
of a phrasal verb on the Bb for Ss to guess which
2 journalist 4 actor 6 artist
one it is or mime the meaning of the phrasal for
the other Ss to guess.
1 up 3 out 5 down 7 down Unit 4
2 into 4 into 6 out 1 a) Verbs in the examples:
Picture A: was riding (past continuous), fell
2 1 up 3 out 5 round (past simple), cut (past simple)
2 about 4 up 6 round Picture B: was preparing (past continuous),
tidied (past simple), had (past simple)
3 1 c (Suggested answer) Tom’s car broke Picture C: went (past simple), was sunbathing
down. (past continuous), was checking (past
3 d (Suggested answer) A burglar broke into continuous)
our house last night. Picture D: was (past simple), was setting (past
4 b (Suggested answer) A fire broke out at our continuous), was blowing (past continuous),
neighbour’s house. went (past simple)
5 e (Suggested answer) The band brought out Picture E: created (past simple)
their new CD. Picture F: rode (past simple), was (past
simple)
Prepositions i The past simple and the past continuous
1 Note: Present the table on the relevant page and go are formed as follows:
through the relevant letters with Ss. Elicit/Explain
past simple:
the meaning of any new vocabulary. Assign the
• affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + regular
relevant exercises as written homework. Next time
verb + -ed/irregular verb
check the prepositions by asking the Ss to make
• negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + did
sentences using them.
not/ didn’t + main verb
e.g. T: bump
• interrogative: did + I/you/he/she/it/we/they
S: bump into. Yesterday, I bumped into my
+ main verb
old History teacher.
14
Key
past continuous: 4 1 broke out

• affirmative: I/he/she/it + was + main verb + 2 didn’t come, had
-ing, you/we/they + were + main verb + -ing 3 Did you travel, drove, lived
• negative: I/he/she/it + was not/wasn’t + 4 didn’t sleep, woke, didn’t go
main verb + -ing, you/we/they + were
not/weren’t + -ing 5 2 was eating breakfast
• interrogative: was + I/he/she/it + main 3 was driving to college
verb + -ing, were + you/we/they + main 4 was attending lessons
verb + -ing 5 was studying in the library
6 was working out at the gym
b) In picture A was riding (past continuous) 7 was writing an essay
shows an action that was in progress when 8 was surfing the Net
another action (fell) interrupted it. Fell and cut
(past simple) show actions that happened 6 2 I wasn’t having lunch at 1 o’clock yesterday
immediately one after the other. afternoon.
3 Jim was watching TV while Amy was talking on
In picture B was preparing (past continuous)
the phone.
shows an action that was in progress at a
4 Were the children playing outside all day?
stated time in the past. Tidied and rested (past
5 Greg and I weren’t waiting for the bus at 7
simple) show actions that happened
o’clock yesterday morning.
immediately one after the other.
6 Was the baby sleeping all last night?
In picture C went (past simple) shows an
action that happened at a definite time in the 7 2 Were Professor Adams and Professor Blythe
past. Was sunbathing and was checking (past chatting to each other?
continuous) show two simultaneous actions in Yes, they were.
the past. 3 Was Alicia listening to music?
No, she wasn’t. She was reading a magazine.
In picture D was setting and was blowing (past
4 Was Tom sending text messages?
continuous) describe the atmosphere of a
No, he wasn’t. He was talking on his mobile.
situation in the past.
5 Were Charlie and Sam playing football?
In picture E created (past simple) shows a past Yes, they were.
action which won’t take place again.
In picture F rode (past simple) shows a past 8 The affirmative, negative and interrogative of
habit, was (past simple) shows a state which is used to are formed as follows:
finished. • affirmative: subject + used to + main verb
• negative: subject + didn’t use to + main verb
2 -ed + d: rescued, survived, changed • interrogative: did + subject + use to + main verb
Stressed vowel between two consonants: In the example, the past simple can replace
stopped, planned, slipped, chopped used to in the first sentence: Centuries ago,
Consonant +y → ied: tried, cried, worried, carried people didn’t have phones. This is possible
Vowel + y + ed: stayed, destroyed, played, enjoyed because like used to, the past simple talks about
Verbs ending in -l → -lled: travelled, controlled, things that were true in the past but are not true
modelled, quarrelled any more. Would cannot replace used to in this
case because the verb is a stative verb.
3 /id/ erupted, wanted, demanded, shouted, In the second sentence of the example, used to
accepted, counted can be replaced both by the past simple and
/t/ missed, walked, washed, finished, helped, would. This is possible because the verb, which
relaxed, danced talks about a routine or habit in the past,
/d/ enjoy, damaged, warned, caused, saved, expresses an action rather than a state.
appeared, moved, cleaned
15
Key
9 2 Did Shelley use to wear 16 2 Were you doing

3 used to play Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
4 didn’t use to enjoy 3 Were you watching
5 Did you use to be Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
6 Max used to ride 4 Did your best friend go on holiday abroad last
summer?
10 2 used to have 5 used to go Yes, she did./No, she didn’t.
3 used to speak 6 didn’t use to watch 5 Did your parents have dinner with you last
4 did you use to do night?
Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
11 2 X 5 X
3 used to go 6 used to have 17 2 was 10 didn’t know
4 X 3 ate 11 shouted
4 washed 12 stopped
12 2 Did Georgina use to drive a car? 5 went 13 were checking
No, she didn’t. She used to ride a bike. 6 was watching 14 realised
3 Did Georgina use to have a laptop? 7 was reading 15 was still sleeping
No, she didn’t. She used to have a desktop 8 was sleeping 16 were you doing
computer. 9 started 17 hit
4 Did Georgina use to play the piano in her free
time? 18 2 Where was Mark?
No, she didn’t. She used to play computer He was at home with his flatmates.
games. 3 What were Simon and Mark doing at 9
5 Did Georgina use to work in a shop at the o’clock?
weekends? Simon was reading a magazine and Mark was
No, she didn’t. She used to go shopping at the watching TV.
weekends. 4 Where was Mike sleeping?
He was sleeping on the sofa.
13 1 I was fixing 5 What did Simon and Mark do after the
2 weren’t still doing, went off earthquake?
3 was shining, were sitting They checked that nothing was broken.
4 Did you live
5 kissed, closed, went 19 2 C 4 A 6 C 8 A 10 C 12 B
6 didn’t travel 3 C 5 A 7 C 9 B 11 A
14 1 woke 20 2 when he dropped 4 Penny was cleaning

2 Did you hear, was taking, noticed 3 did you start 5 while Sharon was
3 didn’t see, called, were coming, crashed, spoke,
were driving Speaking
4 Was Steve doing, were making, was helping, did (Suggested Answers)
5 were you, left, forgot, went, missed
A: They were walking along a mountain path when
they heard a noise. They looked up and saw an
15 2 happened 11 was growing
avalanche.
3 was 12 did you do
B: They hid in a cave while the snow was crashing
4 was blowing 13 called
down.
5 was driving 14 arrived
A: When the avalanche stopped, they crawled out
6 smelled/smelt 15 managed
from the cave.
7 locked 16 got
B: They felt relieved to be safe.
8 went 17 saw
9 did you find 18 saved
10 was burning
16
Key
Writing collapsed, panicked…calmed down…went

(Suggested Answer) into
b an action which was in progress when
It was a freezing cold day. The sun was shining. My
another action interrupted it: were
friend Charlie and I were hiking in the Alps. We were
talking…heard
walking along a mountain path when we heard a noise
c to describe the atmosphere, setting, etc.
in the distance. We looked up and saw an avalanche.
and to give background information to a
We quickly hid in a cave while the snow was crashing
story: …was falling….was blowing…
down. When the avalanche stopped we crawled out
d an action that happened at a definite
from the cave. We felt relieved to be safe.
time (stated or implied) in the past: did
you hear, happened, travelled, rented, was,
Unit 5 arrived, didn’t go, were, had, did, didn’t
have, tried, waited
1 In the example, Who called Beverly? asks about e an action that was in progress at a stated
the subject of the sentence and Who did Jo call? time in the past (we don’t mention when
asks about the object of the sentence. the action started and finished): was making
f two or more simultaneous actions in the
2 2 What did Beth buy? past: was reading…was watching
Who bought a new car?
3 Whose flat does Charlie live in? b) Time expressions we use with the past
Who lives in Pete’s flat? simple: yesterday, the day before yesterday,
4 Who is painting their house? last week/ month/year, two hours/days/weeks/
What is the Jenkins family painting? months/years ago, when, then, in 2003, etc
5 Who won the 100 metres race? Time expressions we use with the past
What did Philippa win? continuous: while, when, as, all day/night/
6 Who was repairing his bike all morning? morning, all day yesterday, etc.
What was Tom repairing all morning?
c) Example of used to in the email: used to stay
3 2 a) writes short stories? We use used to to talk about past habits,
b) does Cathy write? repeated actions and routines in the past,
3 a) bus did Ben use to take to college? which no longer happen. We use used to for
b) used to take the number 19 bus to college? things that were true, but they are not true any
4 a) was writing their essay all day yesterday? more. We can also use would in this case. We
b) was Ella writing all day yesterday? can’t use would with stative verbs, because
5 a) did Adam play last Thursday? they describe states not actions.
b) played hockey last Thursday?
2 1 was whistling, was washing
2 created
Exploring Grammar ii (Units 3-5) 3 was still waiting
1 a) Verbs in the past simple in the email: did you 4 moved
hear, happened, travelled, rented, was, arrived, 5 got, made, sat
didn’t go, went, collapsed, panicked, calmed 6 was writing, dropped
down, went into, didn’t have, tried, waited,
heard, dug, took, were, had, did 3 1 use 3 visit 5 use
2 used to 4 would 6 didn’t go
Verbs in the past continuous in the email:
was falling, was blowing, was making, was
4 Object question: Who went with you?
reading, was watching, were talking
Subject question: Who did you see?
a actions that happened immediately one Subject questions are questions which we ask
after the other: dug…out…took…, went… when we want to know the subject of the
17
Key
sentence. They usually begin with the words who, 2 1 with 4 with 7 between 10 for
whose, what and which. The verb is in the 2 of 5 to 8 to/ into
affirmative. 3 towards 6 for 9 with
Object questions are questions which ask when
we want to know the object of the sentence. They Word Formation
usually begin with the words who, whom, whose, 3 1 behaviour 5 departure
what and which. The verb is in the interrogative 2 location 6 happiness
form. 3 competition 7 appearance
4 celebration 8 employment
Revision ii (Units 1-5)
1 A 6 A 11 A 16 B 21 C
2 A 7 B 12 B 17 A 22 B Unit 6
3 B 8 A 13 A 18 B 23 B 1 The tense of the verbs in bold is present perfect.
4 A 9 C 14 A 19 B 24 C The present perfect is formed as follows:
5 C 10 A 15 C 20 C 25 C • affirmative: I/you/we/they + have + past
participle
Grammar in Focus he/she/it + has + past participle
A 1 On 3 use • negative: I/you/we/they + haven’t + past
2 struck 4 didn’t know participle
he/she/it + hasn’t + past participle
B 1 began 4 the worst • interrogative: Have + I/you/we/they + past
2 was blowing 5 died participle
3 which 6 many Has + he/she/it + past participle
Picture A: has won – an action that happened at
C 1 can 4 Who an unstated time in the past
2 more easily 5 the Picture B: have been – an action which started
3 is also becoming in the past and continues up to the present
Picture C: has just woken up – a recently
Phrasal Verbs ii completed action
1 1 in 3 on 5 off 7 out Picture D: Have you ever tried, haven’t tried – a
2 for 4 out 6 out 8 over personal experience
Picture E: has read – an action which happened
2 1 through 3 behind 5 for within a specific time period which is not over at
2 for 4 out 6 in with the moment of speaking
3 2 b (Suggested answers) The two business 2 2 Have you read the travel brochure yet?
people happily fell in with the plan. 3 Nathan has recently bought a new car.
3 c (Suggested answers) They called off the 4 James hasn’t tried windsurfing.
concert. 5 She has written two emails already this
4 e (Suggested answers) Martin called in to morning.
drop off my present. 6 Has the train just left?
5 d (Suggested answers) Peter fell for his wife
the first time he met her in the park. 3 2 hasn’t been 4 has gone 6 has been
3 have been 5 has gone 7 has gone
Prepositions ii
1 1 from 5 at 9 about 13 on 4 2 since 4 recently 6 still
2 to 6 of 10 on 3 just 5 yet
3 into 7 of 11 of
4 with 8 of 12 about 5 2 ’ve known
3 ’s just booked
18
Key
4 ’ve already had Writing

5 ’ve started, haven’t finished (Suggested Answer)
6 ’ve never visited
Hi Eric,
Hope you’re well. Sorry I haven’t emailed you for so
6 2 i 4 d 6 c 8 b 10 a
long but I’ve been really busy. I signed up for karate
3 h 5 g 7 j 9 e
lessons last month and I bought a new traditional
karate uniform. I’ve already learned some common
7 2 ago 5 three years ago
martial arts moves but I haven’t taken part in a
3 already 6 just
competition yet. I enjoy the course and I’ve never felt
4 ever
fitter. I’ve also made new friends.
What about you? Have you ever thought about taking
8 1 ’ve already arranged
a martial arts course? Let me know your news.
2 haven’t heard, went
All the best,
3 did Columbus discover
Tom
4 ’ve never watched
5 Have you seen, borrowed
11 The tense of the verbs in bold is present perfect
6 Have you ever met, had
continuous.
The present perfect continuous is formed as
9 2 haven’t had 7 haven’t found
follows:
3 sat 8 called
• affirmative: I/you/we/they + have + been +
4 celebrated 9 helped
verb + -ing
5 ’ve been 10 Have you decided
he/she/it + has + been + verb + -ing
6 ’ve started
• negative: I/you/we/they + haven’t + been +
verb + -ing
10 (Suggested answer)
he/she/it + hasn’t + been + verb + -ing
I joined a gym two weeks ago. I have lived in London • interrogative: Have + I/you/we/they + been +
since 2010. I had dinner at a restaurant last night. I verb + -ing
haven’t seen my best friend for a week. I went Has + he/she/it + been + verb + -ing
shopping yesterday. I haven’t eaten much chocolate Picture A: has been studying – to put emphasis
recently. on the duration of an action which started in the
past and continues up to the present
Speaking Picture B: hasn’t been sleeping – an action
(Suggested Answers) which started in the past, lasted for some time
1 He has already found a part-time job. and has a visible result in the present
He hasn’t seen many attractions yet. Picture C: Has someone been using – to
He has improved his French a lot. express anger, irritation and annoyance
He hasn’t made new friends.
He has tried French cuisine. 12 2 have been cycling 5 has been studying
3 has been reading 6 have been waiting
2 Megan joined a dance class last week. 4 has been painting
She has bought new dance shoes.
She has already learned the waltz. 13 2 ’s been watching 6 hasn’t been learning
She has never felt better. 3 has Tim been working 7 ’ve been practising
She hasn’t performed in front of an audience yet. 4 ’s been snowing 8 ’s been doing
She has met interesting people. 5 has Wendy been playing
14 2 ’s been playing
3 have you been driving, ’s been having
4 Have you been waiting, ’ve been sitting
5 Have you been crying, haven’t been feeling
19
Key
6 ’ve been working 7 ’s ever visited

8 ’ve been shopping
15 2 has been practising the piano for two and a 9 ’ve just bought
half hours/since 2:30. 10 Have you decided
3 has been reading a novel for two hours/since
3:00. Speaking
4 has been jogging in the park for an hour/since (Suggested Answers)
4:00.
I have surfed the Internet. I haven’t tidied my room.
I have been studying for my exams for the past week
16 2 ’ve been walking 5 ’s been painting
and have been taking cooking lessons too.
3 ’s been helping 6 ’ve been going
I have been to the Science Museum and the zoo so far
4 ’ve been trying
in the last year.
17 2 f 4 d 6 h 8 e
Writing
3 c 5 a 7 g
(Suggested Answer)
18 2 ’ve been sunbathing 7 has been raining Hi Chloe,
3 Have you heard 8 have won Greetings from Paris, France! I hope you ’re well. I’m
4 hasn’t received 9 has solved sorry I haven’t emailed you for so long but I’ve been
5 Have you been reading 10 has seen very busy lately. My family and I have been sightseeing
6 has been feeling around the city for a few days now but we still haven’t
seen all the sights yet. So far, we ’ve visited the Notre
19 2 lately 5 just 8 since Dame Cathedral and the famous art museum, the
3 never 6 for 9 all day Louvre. They were amazing! We haven’t visited the
4 ever 7 yet 10 How long Eiffel Towel yet, but we plan to go there tomorrow.
Right now I feel tired because I’ve been walking around
20 2 have you been waiting the city all morning. What about you? Where have you
3 Have you always had, ’ve been decided to go on holiday?
4 ’s been surfing See you when I get back.
5 hasn’t decided Wendy
6 ’s been studying
7 ’s been using
8 Have you ever eaten Unit 7
9 ’ve been hiking 1 a) The phrase in bold in the example (so old…
that) introduces a clause of result.
21 2 Have you booked a table?
3 I have been training for months. b) Other words/phrases that show the result
4 I haven’t repaired it yet. of something include:
as a result, therefore, consequently, as a
22 2 B 4 B 6 A 8 B consequence, so. To introduce a clause of
3 B 5 C 7 C result we can also use: such a/an + adjective
+ singular countable noun ... that, such +
23 2 has been volunteering 4 hasn’t finished adjective + plural/countable noun ... that, such a
3 haven’t travelled 5 have been lot of + plural/uncountable noun ... that.
Clauses of result are also introduced by: so +
24 2 ’ve been sightseeing adjective/adverb . . . that, so + adjective + a(n) +
3 haven’t seen noun ... that, so much/little + uncountable noun
4 took ... that, so many/few + plural noun ... that.
5 haven’t been
6 has travelled
20
Key
c) (Suggested Answer) 3 1 flew 4 has she been working

My grandmother is very old and as result when 2 have gone 5 hasn’t been travelling
I tried to count the candles on the cake at her 3 has visited 6 didn’t speak
birthday party, the heat drove me back.
My grandmother is such an old lady that when 4 1 hiked 4 has just arrived
I tried to count the candles on her cake at her 2 haven’t paid 5 have been waiting
birthday party, the heat drove me back. 3 has been feeling 6 Did they open
My grandmother is very old and there were so
many candles on her cake at her birthday party 5 Text B: it’s such a great country that I want ...
that when I tried to count them the heat drove There’s so much ... that you never ...
me back. a) • so + adjective/adverb ... that eg. I was so
tired that I took a nap. She spoke so softly
2 2 There were so many people in the restaurant that no one could hear her.
that we couldn’t find a table. • such a/an + adjective + singular countable
3 It was such a good resort that we stayed for an noun ... that eg. He had such an awful
extra week. cold that he stayed home.
4 He had so much ice cream that he felt unwell • such + adjective + plural/uncountable noun
afterwards. ... that eg. We had such nice weather that
5 He had such bad sunburn that he went to the we went for a walk.
doctor.
b) • as a result/therefore/consequently/as a
3 2 a result 4 such an consequence
3 such kind 5 so much • such a lot of + plural/uncountable noun ...
that
Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) • so much/little + uncountable noun ... that
• so many/few + plural noun ... that
1 a) Tenses used in text A: present perfect
• so + adjective + a(n) noun ... that
continuous (I’ve been saving)
present continuous (I’m going, I’m staying)
6 1 such a 2 so 3 such 4 so
present perfect (I’ve known, I haven’t seen,
You’ve never met, Have you ever been)
Revision iii (Units 1-7)
past simple (he moved)
Tenses used in text B: present perfect (I’ve 1 A 6 A 11 A 16 A 21 A
been, have just booked, I’ve also found) 2 B 7 B 12 B 17 B 22 B
present simple (I want, you never get) 3 A 8 C 13 C 18 C 23 B
present perfect continuous (I’ve been studying) 4 B 9 B 14 C 19 C 24 C
5 C 10 C 15 A 20 C 25 A
b) actions that happened at an unstated time
in the past: I’ve been to the USA a few times Grammar in Focus
..., I have just booked a holiday in Crete..., I’ve A 1 has been standing 3 the oldest
also found a summer job... 2 in 4 took
a state which started in the past and
continues up to the present: I’ve known Paul B 1 Where 4 used to 7 he
since we were in primary school ... 2 which 5 in
3 specially 6 a lot of
c) Time expressions: never, ever, yet, already,
just, for, since, so far, lately, recently, etc. Phrasal Verbs iii
1 1 on 4 away
2 1 since 3 never 5 for 2 through 5 through
2 yet 4 just 3 on 6 on
21
Key
2 1 through 4 away 7 out 4 2 she had lost her mobile phone

2 after 5 on 8 down with 3 the meeting had already started
3 out 6 off 4 she had interrupted her project manager’s
presentation
3 1 d – He is getting on the bus. 5 after the meeting had finished
2 b – The fire went out.
4 c – The thief is getting away from the prison. 5 2 After Amanda had packed her suitcase, she
read a travel guide on India.
Prepositions iii 3 After John had parked his car, he called his friend.
1 1 with 3 into 5 with 7 on 4 After Helen had done her shopping, she went
2 from 4 on 6 to 8 of home.
5 After Roger and Sue had completed their
2 1 with 4 of 7 for 10 to project, they had a cup of coffee.
2 about 5 at 8 with
3 to 6 to 9 from 6 2 We had already heard about the robbery by the
time it appeared in the newspapers.
Word Formation 3 Ryan had written several short stories before
he published his first novel.
3 1 depressed 6 shocking 11 disappointed
4 After Sharon had gone to the library, she called
2 relaxing 7 amazed 12 exciting
me to pick her up.
3 satisfied 8 surprised 13 embarrassed
5 By the time I left college, it had started to rain.
4 terrified 9 tiring 14 frightening
6 I had already had dinner when Jason came
5 bored 10 interesting
home.
Unit 8 Speaking
(Suggested Answers)
1 The verbs in bold are in the past perfect. We form
the past perfect as follows: A: The builders had installed the windows.
• affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + had + B: Yes, but they hadn’t hung up the sign.
past participle of the main verb A: They hadn’t fitted the door.
• negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + had not/ B: Yes, and they hadn’t fixed the fence.
hadn’t + past participle of the main verb
• interrogative: Had + I/you/he/she/it/we/they + 8 The verbs in bold are in the past perfect
past participle of the main verb + ? continuous. We form the past perfect
had passed: an action that finished in the past and continuous as follows:
whose result was visible in the past. • affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + had +
had you been, hadn’t been, had visited: an action been + verb + -ing
that happened before another past action. • negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + had not/
hadn’t + been + verb + -ing
2 2 e – had forgotten • interrogative: Had + I/you/he/she/it/we/they +
3 c – had given been + verb + -ing + ?
4 f – had already opened had been working: an action that lasted for some
5 d – had eaten time in the past and whose result was visible in
6 b – had stopped the past.
had you been standing, hadn’t been waiting:
3 2 Had the shoplifter run away emphasis on the duration of an action which
3 hadn’t done started and finished in the past before another
4 had stolen action.
5 hadn’t eaten
9 2 e 3 b 4 d 5 c
22
Key
10 2 had been sunbathing 5 had been revising 20 2 had been studying 5 after he had
3 had been waiting 6 had been styling 3 had already started 6 never/ not tried
4 had been lifting 4 before she had
11 2 had been working Speaking

3 hadn’t been driving (Suggested Answers)
4 had been practising
They had been travelling for three hours before they
5 Had she been writing
reached Paris.
6 had been training
After they had unpacked their suitcases, they were
ready to go sightseeing.
12 2 Had you been sleeping for long
They had already bought a guidebook so they didn’t
3 had been studying all day
need to get one.
4 had been talking to us for an hour
They had been waiting in the queue in front of the
5 hadn’t been jogging for a long time
Louvre for an hour before they finally entered the
6 had been shopping since 9 o’clock
museum.
7 had been gardening since early in the morning.
They weren’t hungry because they had already eaten.
They had been watching a film for two hours before
13 2 had been searching 5 had he been looking
they went to bed.
3 had been asking 6 hadn’t been working
4 had been walking
Writing
14 2 had booked 6 had left (Suggested Answer)

3 had you been waiting 7 had lost Hello bloggers!
4 had been planning 8 had been training Last week I went with my class to Paris. We were
5 had been cooking thrilled because we had been looking forward to the
trip for months. On the first day we had been travelling
15 2 had been stealing for three hours before we reached Paris. After we had
3 had painted unpacked our suitcases, we were ready to go
4 hadn’t been investigating sightseeing. We had already bought a guidebook so
5 had been leaking we didn’t need to get one. First we decided to visit
6 had finished some museums. It was nice but it was very busy. We
7 had you been using had been waiting in the queue in front of the Louvre for
8 hadn’t responded an hour before we finally entered the museum! Luckily
9 had twisted we weren’t hungry because we had already eaten. At
10 had been knitting the end of the day we watched some TV in our Hotel.
I hadn’t realised the time and before I knew it, we had
16 2 had been rehearsing 5 hadn’t seen been watching a film for two hours before we went to
3 had already moved 6 had failed bed! Still it was a nice evening, and we had a great first
4 had you been speaking day in Paris.
17 2 until, before 6 since

3 since 7 until Unit 9
4 How long, before 8 for, when 1 a) Full infinitive – to take (use after verb ask)
5 for, when Three more uses of the infinitive:
a) after would like/prefer/love eg. They’d love
18 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 A to take a long holiday.
b) after too/enough eg. He’s too young to
19 2 had found 6 had been breaking drive a car.
3 had picked into c) With the phrase it + be + adjective/noun eg.
4 hadn’t stolen 7 had been doing It’s nice to see you again.
5 had just finished 8 hadn’t taken
23
Key
2 2 call 6 to leave 10 to tell 10 2 practising 9 reading 16 to visit

3 to arrive 7 to get 11 spend 3 quitting 10 to convince 17 listening
4 to ignore 8 ask 12 to go 4 to say 11 to turn 18 moving
5 confess 9 to apologise 5 to bring 12 meeting 19 to jog
6 seeing 13 drinking 20 to lose
3 2 to be studying very hard. 7 interviewing 14 to ask
3 to eat a cooked breakfast on Sundays. 8 to describe 15 to eat
4 to have met the Jonas Brothers.
5 be working late tonight. 11 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b
6 to have climbed Mount Everest last year.
7 to like his new bike. 12 1 having eaten
8 to have been suffering from bad headaches 2 to be enjoying/going
lately. 3 to hold
9 have got home really late last night. 4 to have left/have been stolen
5 to read/to have been written
4 a) Drawing (noun), painting (after love), visiting 6 noticing/have been delayed
(after spend), having studied (after a preposition) 7 seeing/to come out
8 have been working/to stay
b) having studied → refers to the past
Passive 13 2 to stop 6 to do 10 protecting
Present being stolen 3 to close 7 take 11 know
Perfect having been stolen 4 help 8 to announce
5 breaking 9 watching
5 2 e 4 a 6 c 8 f
3 h 5 g 7 b 14 2 to be spending 7 to join
3 to have passed 8 take
6 2 get 6 hiring 10 to buy 4 to look 9 to be working
3 waiting 7 to help 11 lending 5 have 10 doing
4 to ski 8 send 12 writing 6 make 11 hear
5 go 9 Colouring
15 (Suggested Answers)
7 2 park 6 lock 10 to find 2 I enjoy spending time with my friends at
3 buying 7 to welcome 11 to arrive weekends.
4 to seat 8 speaking 12 throwing 3 I expect to be home soon.
5 clean 9 riding 4 I feel like going to bed.
5 I would love to visit New Zealand one day.
8 1 Cycling
2 to visit/to walk 16 a) It shows that there is a greater amount/degree
3 to try/stay/rain/getting of sth than what is wanted. It is followed by an
4 believing/working/to tell/to leave adjective/adverb (+ for sb/sth) + to – infinitive.
5 coming/to help
6 borrow/watch b) It shows that there is as much of sth as is
7 to come/help/doing wanted/needed.
Patterns:
9 2 wait 5 to study Chemistry -enough + noun + to-infinitive
3 making 6 point in complaining -adjective/adverb + enough + to-infinitive
4 forward to
17 2 clever enough 6 enough money
3 well enough 7 patient enough
4 too steep 8 too dark
5 enough food
24
Key
18 2 It’s too cold for the children to play outside. Sunday, she has decided to hang out with her friends at
3 Officer Jones wasn’t fast enough to catch the the park.
shoplifter.
4 Jim’s car is too old to sell.
5 Mason is tall enough to reach the books on the Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9)
top shelf. 1 Past Perfect: had taken
6 Abigail hasn’t got enough experience to apply Past Perfect Continuous: had been sitting
for the job. • past perfect
7 This jumper is too small for me to wear. • past perfect continuous
8 You are too young to learn to drive.
9 She hasn’t got enough wool to finish knitting 2 1 didn’t watch 4 had eaten
the scarf. 2 had been fixing 5 Had she visited
10 He is strong enough to lift 100 kg. 3 Did you go 6 hadn’t been studying
19 2 C 4 C 6 B 8 C 10 A 12 B 3 a) Infinitive: concern (after modal verb), sit down

3 A 5 B 7 B 9 A 11 B (after let), to stand (after decide), to see (after
enough), to have seen (after claim), to find
20 2 closing the 6 go out (after enough), to investigate (after enough),
3 too hot 7 made to clean tell (after modal verb), try (after modal verb), to
4 to understand 8 to find see (after too), be (after modal verb)
5 worrying about -ing form: moving (after stop), reaching (after
see – incomplete action), looking (after try),
Speaking hearing (after look forward to)
(Suggested Answers)
A: Do you enjoy doing housework? b) infinitive that refers to the past: to have seen
B: No, I can’t stand doing housework. Tenses of the Infinitive (on the next page)
A: What do you love doing in your free time? Active Passive
B: I love chatting with my friends online but I can’t Present: (to) do (to) be done
stand playing computer games. Pres. Continuous:
A: What else can’t you stand doing in your free time? (to) be doing –
B: I can’t stand listening to music but I like surfing Perfect: (to) have done (to) have been done
the Net. Perfect Continuous:
A: What are you planning to do this Saturday? (to) have been doing –
B: I am planning to go out to dinner with my friends.
I am allowed to stay out until 11pm. 4 1 – recall 2 – not forget
A: What have you decided to do on Sunday?
B: I’ve decided to hang out with my friends at the 5 a) Positive: enough information
park. Negative: fast enough, enough evidence, too
crowded
Writing • too + adjective/adverb (+for sb/sth) + to
(Suggested Answer) -infinitive
My friend doesn’t like watching films in her free time, • adjective/adverb + enough + to -infinitive
but she enjoys reading crime novels. In her free time, enough + noun + to -infinitive
she can’t stand doing housework. She loves chatting
with her friends online but she can’t stand playing b) 1 enough 5 enough
computer games. She also can’t stand listening to 2 enough 6 too
music but she likes surfing the Net. 3 too 7 too
This Saturday, she is planning to go out to dinner with her 4 enough 8 enough
friends and she is allowed to stay out until 11pm. On
25
Key
Revision iv (Units 1-9) Unit 10

1 1 A 6 B 11 A 16 C 21 C 1 Picture A: I’ll get
2 C 7 C 12 C 17 C 22 B Picture B: I’ll buy
3 A 8 B 13 B 18 A 23 A Picture C: I won’t tell
4 B 9 C 14 A 19 A 24 B Picture D: I’m going to become
5 A 10 B 15 B 20 B 25 C Picture E: It’s going to rain
Picture F: I will be scuba diving
Grammar in Focus
Future Simple
A 1 safest 4 took place 7 haven’t heard
Affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will + main
2 in 5 before
verb
3 which 6 since
Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will not/won’t
+ main verb
B 1 the most dangerous 4 risky
Interrogative: Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they+ main
2 to be 5 visiting
verb + ?
3 every
Be going to
Phrasal Verbs iv Affirmative: I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are +
1 1 up 3 back 5 out 7 away 9 up going to + main verb
2 off 4 away 6 up 8 away Negative: I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are + not
+ going to + main verb
2 1 up 2 back 3 on 4 up Interrogative: Am I, Is he/she/it, Are we/you/they
+ going to + main verb
3 1 e – The thief gave himself up. Future Continuous
2 d – The robber held up a bank. Affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will + be +
3 b – The girl is giving away free coffee. main verb + -ing
5 c – The flowers give off a wonderful smell. Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will not/won’t
+ be + main verb + -ing
Prepositions iv Interrogative: Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they + be +
1 1 from 3 for 5 of 7 in main verb + -ing + ?
2 to 4 for 6 of 8 about
Picture 1: future simple (on-the-spot decision)
Picture 2: future simple (predictions based on
2 1 on 3 to 5 to 7 at
what we think)
2 of 4 at 6 on 8 of
Picture 3: future simple (promise)
Word Formation Picture 4: be going to (ambition)
3 1 presenter (person) Picture 5: be going to (prediction on what we see)
2 babysitter (person) Picture 6: future continuous (action in progress at
3 criminal (person) a stated future time)
4 speeding (abstract)
5 education (abstract) 2 2 k 4 j 6 i 8 c 10 a
6 friendship (abstract) 3 g 5 d 7 b 9 h 11 e
7 appointment (abstract)
8 information (abstract) 3 2 is going to study 5 will be
9 generosity (abstract) 3 won’t mind 6 are going to get
10 composer (person) 4 Are they going to look
11 banker (person)
12 honesty (abstract) 4 2 is going to be 5 Are you going to go
13 director (person) 3 won’t speak 6 won’t let
14 application (abstract) 4 are going to break
26
Key
5 2 will be attending 5 won’t be travelling Unit 11

3 Will you be using 6 will be watching
1 1st picture: Type 0
4 won’t be playing
2nd picture: Type 1
3rd picture: Type 2
6 2 Will Paul be eating lunch with his friends at
4th picture: Type 3
1:30 tomorrow afternoon?
Yes, he will. • Type 0: general truth or scientific fact
3 Will Paul be playing rugby with his college If/When + simple present → simple present
team at 7:30 tomorrow evening? • Type 1: real present/future
No, he won’t. He will be making dinner for his If + simple present/present continuous, present
flatmates. perfect/continuous → future, imperative, can/
4 Will Paul be having a History lesson at 9:30 may/must/could/might/should + bare infinitive
tomorrow morning? • Type 2: unreal present/advice
Yes, he will. If + simple past/past continuous → would/could/
5 Will Paul be making dinner for his flatmates at might + bare infinitive
3:00 tomorrow afternoon? • Type 3: unreal past
No, he won’t. He will be studying in the library. If + past perfect/past perfect continuous →
would/could/might + have + past participle
7 2 are going to fall 4 will be playing
Examples
3 am flying 5 will have
• Type 0: If the sun shines, snow melts.
• Type 1: If the weather is nice, we’ll go on a picnic.
8 2 B: will come 6 A: are you going
• Type 2: If I had a car, I would drive to work
3 B: is picking B: leaves
every day.
4 B: are going to visit 7 A: will drop
• Type 3: If I had studied harder, I would have
5 B: will be 8 B: will apply
passed the test.
9 2 C 4 B 6 A 8 C
2 2 melts 3 will buy 4 won’t go 5 burns
3 A 5 A 7 C
3 2 had, would look
10 2 are going to leave 5 will return
3 didn’t need, would play
3 will take 6 starts
4 were, would return
4 will be back 7 am going
5 drank, wouldn’t get
11 2 is going to 4 I won’t
4 2 had left, wouldn’t have missed
3 be going horse-riding 5 going to start
3 had saved, would have chosen
4 hadn’t forgotten, would have sent
Speaking
5 had studied, would have passed
(Suggested Answers) 6 hadn’t taken part, wouldn’t have become
A: I think at one o’clock the people in picture C will 7 would have gone, had told
be getting on a plane. 8 had practised, would have performed
B: I agree. In a month they will all be back at work 9 had saved, wouldn’t have lost
after a nice holiday.
5 2 If he hadn’t gone to bed at 9 pm, he wouldn’t
Writing have woken up early the next morning.
(Suggested Answer) 3 If he hadn’t woken up early the next morning,
he wouldn’t have decided to make breakfast
This time next week I will be studying for my exams. I
for his flatmates.
hope I will pass so that I can get into university. I will
4 If he hadn’t decided to make breakfast for his
probably take a break before starting university. In a
flatmates, he wouldn’t have walked to the
month I will be waiting for my results and planning my
corner shop to get the ingredients.
holiday.
27
Key
5 If he hadn’t walked to the corner shop, he 13 2 If you make the main course, I’ll bring dessert.
wouldn’t have bought a lottery ticket. 3 If I had got my camera, I would take a
6 If he hadn’t bought a lottery ticket, he wouldn’t photograph.
have won £5,000. 4 If she had won the race, she would have
received a medal.
6 2 If I weren’t on my own, I wouldn’t feel lonely. 5 If Laura finishes work early today, she will go
(2nd type, unreal present) shopping.
3 If my family doesn’t send a search team, I’ll be 6 If Sue owned a car, she wouldn’t have to catch
stuck here forever. (1st type, real present) a crowded bus every morning.
4 If there weren’t too many insects, I would be
able to sleep. (2nd type, unreal present) 14 2 B 4 A 6 A 8 A 10 A
5 If I had taken my compass with me, I wouldn’t 3 C 5 B 7 B 9 B
have got lost. (3rd type, unreal past)
15 2 would have found 6 or (else)/otherwise
7 2 won’t pass 7 had 3 for Amanda’s help 7 case I need
3 would have met 8 would join 4 I were you 8 long as
4 don’t hurry 9 hadn’t woken up 5 providing
5 could print 10 snows
6 could have given 16 2 hadn’t walked 4 been wearing
3 would have 5 have given
8 2 If 4 If 6 unless 8 Unless
3 unless 5 if 7 If 17 2 hadn’t lost 5 is 8 come
3 were 6 will ride 9 don’t have
9 2 if 4 If 6 if 8 When 4 would go out 7 will enjoy 10 will lend
3 when 5 When 7 when
10 2 would tell 1 I would go for a walk.
3 don’t leave 2 I would have forgiven him.
4 won’t win 3 he will win the race.
5 heat 4 I’ll tell her about the party.
6 wouldn’t have stolen 5 he would come to visit me.
7 would know 6 it melts.
8 will you buy 7 he’ll fail.
9 had auditioned 8 if she had time.
10 wouldn’t have made 9 if there are empty seats.
11 would have got
12 don’t invite Speaking
13 becomes
(Suggested Answers)
14 were
B: … travel around the world.
11 2 walk, will you pick up A: If I won the lottery, I would start my own business.
3 won’t pass B: If I won the lottery, I would give money to charity.
4 found, would you do A: If I won the lottery, I would take my family on
5 hadn’t seen, wouldn’t have applied holiday.
12 2 providing 5 Supposing Writing

3 Even if 6 In the event of (Suggested Answers)
4 as long as If I won the lottery, I would buy a house with
a swimming pool.
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
28
Key
If I won the lottery, I would start my own business. 3 I had enough money.
If I won the lottery, I would give money to charity. I had enough money, I could buy that house.
If I won the lottery, I would take my family on holiday. 4 I didn’t have a twisted wrist.
If I won the lottery, I would get a sports car. I didn’t have a twisted wrist, I could play in the
If I won the lottery, I would own Manchester United tennis tournament.
football club.
7 2 I had gone 3 I didn’t work 4 I could go
Unit 12 Speaking
1 1 picture: I wish/If only + past simple → regret
st (Suggested Answer)
about a present situation which we want to be B: I wish I had studied graphics at university.
different. A: I wish I hadn’t eaten that spicy food last night, I
2nd picture: I wish/If only + past perfect → regret feel a bit ill.
that sth happened/didn’t happen in the past. B: I wish I hadn’t lent my tools to Jerry, he never
3rd picture: I wish/if only + subject would + bare gave them back.
infinitive → wish for a future change; polite request A: If only I did better in my interview, I’d have that job
Examples: I really wanted.
Present: I wish I had enough money to go on holiday. B: If only I passed my driving test, I could be driving
Past: I wish I hadn’t lost my job. myself to work.
Future: I wish you would stop making so much noise. A: If only you would be more polite.
B: If only Jim would stop playing the drums all
2 2 I wish/ If only I didn’t need to use crutches. afternoon.
3 I wish/ If only I could go for long walks.
Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12)
4 I wish/ If only I had the chance to play sports.
5 I wish/ If only I could play/were playing in 1 a) a promise: ’ll drive
Saturday’s game. a future plan/intention: are going to study
6 I wish/ If only I wasn’t/weren’t stuck in the house. a fixed arrangement: ’m meeting
a timetable: opens
3 2 I wish/ If only the air conditioning had worked. an action which will be in progress at
3 I wish/ If only the service hadn’t taken a long a stated time in the future: will be
time. presenting
4 I wish/ If only the meal hadn’t tasted bad.
5 I wish/ If only it hadn’t cost a lot of money. b) ’ll drive: future simple
are going to study: be going to
4 2 had put 4 would stop 6 was/were ’m meeting: present continuous
3 hadn’t left 5 could speak/spoke opens: present simple
will be presenting: future continuous
5 2 I wish/ If only I could go abroad this summer.
Future simple:
3 I wish/ If only I hadn’t forgotten my best
Affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will +
friend’s birthday.
main verb
4 I wish/ If only my job wasn’t so stressful.
Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will not/
5 I wish/ If only Maria wouldn’t do her homework
won’t + main verb
at the last minute.
Interrogative: Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they +
6 I wish/ If only I had enough free time to join a
main verb + ?
gym.
Be going to:
6 2 I hadn’t worked so hard yesterday. Affirmative: I + am going to + main verb,
I hadn’t worked so hard yesterday, I wouldn’t you/we/they + are going to + main verb
have felt tired afterwards. he/she/it + is going to + main verb
29
Key
Negative: I + am not going to + main verb, It expresses an imaginary situation contrary to

you/we/they + are not/aren going to + main facts in the present; also used to give advice.
verb Type 2 conditional is formed as follows: If +
he/she/it + is not/isn’t going to + main verb + ? past simple/past continuous → would/could/
Interrogative: Am + I + going to + main verb, might + bare infinitive
Are + you/we/ they + going to + main verb + ?
is + he/she/it + going to + main verb + ? c) It is a 3rd type conditional.
Type 3 conditional is formed as follows: If +
Present Continuous:
past perfect/past perfect continuous →
Affirmative: I + am + main verb+ -ing, you/we/
would/could/ might + have + past participle
they + are + main verb + -ing,
It expresses an imaginary situation contrary to
he/she/it + is + main verb + -ing
the facts in the past; also used to express
Negative: I + am not/I’m not + main verb + -
regret or criticism
ing, you/we/they + are not/aren’t + main verb +
-ing, he/she/it + is not/isn’t + main verb + -ing
3 1 ’ll be 4 would ask
Interrogative: Am + I + main verb + -ing? Are
2 had set 5 had
+ you/ we/they + main verb + -ing + ?
3 boils 6 would have forgiven
Is + he/she/it + main verb + -ing + ?
Present Simple: 4 a) I wish I had gone last year.
Affirmative: I/you/we/they + main verb, This type of wish is formed as follows: I
he/she/it + main verb + -s/es/ies wish/If only + past perfect
Negative: I/you/we/they + do not/don’t + main It expresses regret about sth that didn’t
verb, he/she/it + does not/doesn’t + main verb happen in the past.
Interrogative: Do + I/you/we/they + main verb
+ ? Does + he/she/it + main verb + ? b) We use I wish/if only + subject + would + bare
infinitive to express a desire for a change in a
Future Continuous:
situation. Ex. I wish/if only it would stop
Affirmative: I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they + will
+ be + main verb + -ing raining!
Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they + will c) (Suggested Answers)

not/ won’t + be + main verb + -ing I wish I had learnt another language when I was
Interrogative: Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/you/ at school. I wish I had more free time.
they + be + main verb + -ing + ?
5 1 could 3 would 5 were
c) 1 are flying 4 is going to 2 didn’t 4 hadn’t 6 were
2 ’ll 5 starts
3 will be practising Revision v (Units 1-12)
1 1 A 6 A 11 A 16 A 21 B
2 a) Type 1 conditional: If we arrive early, we will
2 B 7 C 12 B 17 B 22 A
avoid a long queue.
3 C 8 C 13 C 18 A 23 C
It expresses something likely to happen in the
4 A 9 C 14 B 19 B 24 A
present or in the future.
5 C 10 A 15 A 20 A 25 B
Type 1 conditional is formed as follows: If +
present simple/continuous; present perfect/
Grammar in Focus
continuous → future; imperative; can/may/must/
could/might/should + bare infinitive A 1 these 3 the most popular
2 will be using 4 are moving
b) Type 2 conditional: If we had more time, we
could stay for the Top Ten Gadgets Awards … B 1 to look up 3 The
game. 2 any 4 on
30
Key
Phrasal Verbs v c) The agent is introduced with the preposition

1 1 through 3 up 5 into 7 after by.
2 forward 4 for 6 out
2 2 has been 5 Have, been 8 Has, been
2 1 up 2 up 3 out 4 up 5 up 6 out 3 were 6 has been 9 is
4 are 7 was 10 Have, been
3 2 by 4 with 6 by 8 with
2 e The clown made himself up for the party.
3 by 5 by 7 with
3 b He is looking for his red scarf.
4 c She’s trying to make out what’s in the
4 2 hasn’t been decided 4 had been fixed
distance.
3 is visited 5 be worn
5 d A detective is looking into the burglary.
5 2 Drivers will be informed about the new one-
Prepositions v
way system by road signs.
1 1 of 3 to 5 from 7 with 3 When is dinner served?
2 for 4 to 6 to 8 to 4 The product can be returned if it is faulty.
5 The match was cancelled because of the rain.
2 1 about 3 with 5 from 7 at 9 of
2 for 4 to 6 of 8 to 6 2 was offered a job by Mr Benson.
was offered to Ryan by Mr Benson.
Word Formation 3 have been shown the lab notes by Sally.
3 1 inconvenient 8 inexpensive have been shown to me by Sally.
2 impossible 9 illiterate 4 will be given a box of sweets by Alex.
3 international 10 unaware will be given to Pat by Alex.
4 transatlantic 11 impolite
5 prehistoric 12 illegal 7 2 A new sports centre will be opened next week.
6 extraordinary 13 unhealthy 3 Bank robbers were caught by the police
7 illogical 14 independent yesterday.
4 A new animal was discovered in the forest last
week.
Unit 13 5 New taxes will be announced next week.
1 Passive forms in the text: is located, was
destroyed, was renamed, is photographed, must 8 2 d Where were the 2012 Summer Olympic
be booked, will always be considered Games held?
They were held in London.
a) We form the passive with the verb to be in the 3 f Who was Oliver Twist written by?
appropriate tense and the past participle of the It was written by Charles Dickens.
main verb. 4 b When was penicillin discovered?
It was discovered in 1928.
b) The passive is used: 5 a Where was The Lord of the Rings trilogy
• when the person who performs the action filmed?
(agent) is unknown, unimportant or obvious It was filmed in New Zealand.
from the context. 6 c When was Taylor Swift’s Black Space
• to emphasise the agent. released?
• to make statements more formal or polite. It was released in 2014.
• when we are more interested in the action
than the agent such as in news reports, 9 A pile of rare Anglo Saxon coins has been
formal notices, instructions, headlines, discovered in a field in Aylesbury in
advertisements, etc. Buckinghamshire, England. The 5,251 silver
31
Key
coins, which are over 1,000 years old, were found b) We use reflexive pronouns:
by a part-time treasure hunter during a Christmas • with verbs such as: burn, cut, hurt,
dig. The dig was organised by the Weekend introduce, kill, look at and teach when the
Wanderers Detecting Club and was attended by subject and the object of the verb are the
more than 100 people. The coins were protected same.
in a metal container which had been buried two • in the following expressions: enjoy
feet underground. The coins are being taken to yourself, behave yourself, help yourself, do
the British Museum for safe keeping. If the coins it yourself, make yourself at home
are sold, the money from the sale will be split We use emphatic pronouns:
between the land owner and the person who • with the preposition by when we mean
found them. alone/ without company or without help
• to emphasise a noun or a pronoun of a
10 2 was written 5 has been known sentence.
3 were brought 6 is joined
4 is played 7 was filmed c) In picture B, the subject and the object of the
verb are the same – The young lady is looking
11 2 was owned by 5 had been decorated at herself in the mirror. In picture C, the two
3 is being rearranged 6 is spoken by women are looking at one another.
4 will be installed
2 2 herself 3 each other 4 myself
Speaking
(Suggested Answers) 3 1 b - reflexive 6 c - emphatic
A: What is the Statue of Liberty made of? 2 d - emphatic 7 h - reflexive
B: It is made of iron and copper. 3 a - reflexive 8 g - reflexive
A: Where was the Statue of Liberty built? 4 f - reflexive 9 j - reflexive
B: It was built in Paris, France. 5 i - emphatic 10 e - emphatic
A: Who was the Statue of Liberty designed by?
B: It was designed by Frederic – Auguste Bartholdi. 4 2 himself 6 itself
A: When was the Statue of Liberty completed? 3 myself 7 yourself
B: It was completed in 1886. 4 each other 8 herself
A: Why was the Statue of Liberty built? 5 themselves
B: It was built as a gift of friendship from the people
of France to America. 5 2 ourselves 4 each other 6 myself
3 themselves 5 himself
Writing
6 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 A
(Suggested Answer)
The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island in Speaking
New York. It is made of iron and copper and it was
(Suggested Answers)
built in Paris, France. It was designed by Frederic
Auguste Bartholdi and it was completed in 1886. It A: Did he boil the kettle for the girls?
was built as a gift of friendship from the people of B: No, they boiled it themselves.
France to America. A: Did Gavin turn on the oven for Rebecca?
B: No, she turned it on herself.
A: Did you switch off the heating?
Unit 14 B: No, it switches off by itself.
A: Did Frank collect the parcel for you and Rick?
1 a) Reflexive pronouns: … are enjoying
B: No, we collected it ourselves.
themselves, … are helping themselves
Emphatic pronouns: ... prepared himself
32
Key
Unit 15 the stereo speakers improved. It looks great now. You

should see it! We could go for a ride some time.
1 The second sentence is in the causative. (They
Talk to you later,
are having their photograph taken.)
Scott
• The causative shows that people arrange for
other people to do sth for them. It can also be
used instead of the passive to refer to Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15)
accidents and misfortunes.
• We form the causative with the verb have/get 1 Passive: is well-known, is influenced, could be
+ object + past participle affected, were fed, is being conducted, have
already been enhanced, will have been replaced
2 2 b 3 b 4 a We form the passive with the verb to be in the
appropriate tense and the past participle of the
3 2 has had their new album released by the main verb.
record label. We use the passive when:
3 is Tina having her parcel delivered? • the person who carries out the action is
4 had her teeth checked by the dentist. unknown, unimportant or obvious from the
5 should have his new computer set up. context.
6 had his house robbed last night. • the action itself is more important than the
7 was having his lawn mowed when I arrived. person who carries it out, as in news
headlines, news reports, newspaper articles,
4 2 the flowers arranged 4 had her dress formal notices, instructions, advertisements,
3 will have 5 have pictures taken processes, etc.
• we want to sound more polite when we refer to
5 2 We are going to have the plumber look at the an unpleasant or unfortunate event instead of
leaky tap. referring to sb personally.
3 Jack got Tony to invite Angela to the party next • we want to emphasise the agent.
week.
4 Robert made Derrick tell him the truth about 2 1 Dinner was served at 8 pm.
what had happened. 2 A suspect has been arrested for the robbery.
3 The book will be completed next month.
Speaking 4 This bill should be paid by tomorrow.
(Suggested Answer)
3 Reflexive pronoun: themselves
A: In picture A, Scott is having his car sprayed red. Emphatic: itself
B: In picture B, Scott has had his car sprayed red.
A: In picture A, Scott is having his stereo speakers We use reflexive pronouns:
improved. • with verbs such as burn, cut, hurt, introduce,
B: In picture B, Scott has had his stereo speakers kill, look at, teach when the subject and the
improved. object of the verb are the same.
A: In picture A, Scott is having new seats installed. • in the following expressions: enjoy yourself,
B: In picture B, Scott has had new seats installed. behave yourself, help yourself, do it yourself,
A: In picture A, Scott is having the engine repaired. make yourself at home
B: In picture B, Scott has had the engine repaired. • as the object of a preposition
We use emphatic pronouns:
Writing • with the preposition by when we mean alone/
(Suggested Answer) without company or without help.
Hi Jason, • to emphasise a noun or a pronoun of a
How are you? Let me tell you about my new car. I have sentence. They usually come after the noun or
had new tyres fitted, the engine repaired and new pronoun they emphasise.
seats installed. I’ve also had the car sprayed red and
33
Key
4 1 himself 3 ourselves 5 herself Prepositions vi

2 yourself 4 each other 6 themselves 1 1 at 3 for 5 for 7 in 9 to
2 to 4 about 6 to 8 by 10 to
5 a) An example of the causative in the text is:
are having special music recorded 2 1 to 3 for 5 on 7 about 9 to
2 of 4 at 6 from 8 with 10 for
b) The causative is formed using the verb have +
object + past participle Word Formation
Have can be replaced with get.
3 1 hopeful 6 humorous 11 poisonous
2 tasty 7 circular 12 wealthy
c) The causative is used to say that we have
3 lovely 8 dirty 13 numerous
arranged for someone to do something for us.
4 salty 9 lucky 14 harmful
I had my tap fixed by a plumber.
5 careful 10 sensible 15 reliable
We can also use it to say something
unpleasant happened to somebody. Tom had
his wallet stolen. Unit 16
6 1 had his teeth cleaned 1 The verb forms in bold in the example are modal
2 is having his book published verbs. They are followed by an infinitive without to.
3 is having a computer room built. In the example, should expresses advice, mustn’t
4 (had) had the furniture moved expresses obligation, ’ll have to expresses
5 have their lawn cut necessity and shall expresses suggestion.
6 am having my laptop repaired
2 2 i 4 f 6 a 8 c 10 e
Revision vi (Units 1-15) 3 b 5 j 7 h 9 g
1 A 6 A 11 B 16 A 21 C
3 2 must 4 can 6 must
2 A 7 C 12 C 17 B 22 C
3 can 5 mustn’t
3 B 8 A 13 B 18 A 23 B
4 A 9 C 14 A 19 A 24 A
4 2 Shall 6 shouldn’t 10 mustn’t
5 A 10 A 15 A 20 A 25 A
3 could 7 May 11 can’t
4 might 8 can’t, can 12 should
Grammar in Focus
5 mustn’t, could 9 must
A 1 unless 3 is held 5 between
2 one 4 with 5 2 needn’t 4 needn’t 6 mustn’t
3 must 5 must 7 needn’t
B 1 in 3 have become
2 the 4 or 6 1 can 6 should, may
2 Could, can 7 might, have to
Phrasal Verbs vi 3 Will, might 8 do we have to, ought to
1 1 forward 3 out 5 down 4 don’t have to 9 needn’t, can
2 on 4 through 6 off 5 needs, can
2 1 out 3 after 5 down 7 2 a 4 a 6 b 8 a

2 away 4 up against 6 across 3 b 5 a 7 a
3 1b The dog is running after the cat. 8 2 didn’t need to wait

2d Lucy is putting down some information. 3 needn’t have made
3c The fireman is putting out the fire. 4 needn’t have washed
4a Mandy is putting on her coat. 5 didn’t need to pack
6 needn’t cook
34
Key
9 2 was able to 3 were able to 4 could 8 You mustn’t take pictures in the library.
9 He can’t be tired. He’s just woken up!
10 2 should 5 ought 8 can’t 10 In the end, she was able to find shelter.
3 must 6 don’t have to 9 can 11 Nathan ought to be here in no time.
4 Shall 7 ought 10 will 12 Could I switch on the TV?
11 2 Amy may/might drop by later. 16 2 You can’t be hungry; you ’ve just had dinner.
3 She may/might/could be ill. 3 You have to/need to/must take Sally to the
4 He could/may be starting a new job soon. station tomorrow.
5 He may/might have already left. 4 Can/Could/May I book a room for the weekend?
6 She must have been talking on the phone for 5 You can work overtime if you need more money.
an hour. 6 You should/ought to get the job.
7 They may have been saving for a car for a long 7 You mustn’t/can’t/may not access social
time. media sites on the library computers.
8 He must have been to see a doctor. 8 Devon couldn’t read until he was five years
9 She may have been showering when you old.
phoned. 9 He may/might have called in sick today.
10 He may have been working in the garden when 10 You didn’t need/have to buy me a present for
you rang the doorbell. my birthday.
11 She must be taking us out to dinner. 11 You didn’t have to pick me up; I could’ve met
12 Paul can’t have sent the flowers. you outside the cinema.
13 You must have met him before. 12 Shall we have a break for some iced tea?
14 They may/might see the film together. 13 You mustn’t smoke in public places.
12 2 mustn’t/can’t/may not 9 should/ought to/will 17 2 You should tell the home owner that you broke
3 Shall 10 could/may/might their window.
4 must 11 needn’t 3 Can I borrow your lawnmower?
5 could 12 will 4 I can’t meet you for coffee because I have to
6 may/can 13 Shall go to a meeting.
7 must 14 Can/May/Could 5 You needn’t have arrived early to help.
8 can’t Everything is ready.
13 2 B 3 A 4 C 18 2 must 4 can 6 shouldn’t

3 needn’t 5 could 7 will
14 2 Jeremy may meet us there.
3 Shall I call the restaurant to see if there is a 19 2 A 4 C 6 A 8 B
table available? 3 C 5 B 7 B
4 She might be planning a surprise party.
5 Catherine can’t come out tonight because 20 2 must be hungry 5 you like me to take
she’s got the flu. 3 might go away 6 ought to exercise
6 Robert must have gone to the library last night. 4 couldn’t stay up late
15 2 She must have been telling the truth. 21 2 could have checked 4 didn’t have
3 You shouldn’t go outside without a coat on. 3 couldn’t get 5 needn’t have
4 Caroline couldn’t drive when she was at
university. Speaking
5 You needn’t have packed your hairdryer; I (Suggested Answers)
brought mine.
A: Should you warm up before using any of the
6 Shall I book the tickets online?
equipment?
7 He might buy a new car this year.
B: Yes, you should.
35
Key
A: Can you enter the gym without a valid membership 2 -s -es -ies -ves irregular
card?
monkeys, foxes, families, shelves, children,
B: No, you can’t. You must have a valid membership
bottles, brushes, butterflies, knives, geese,
card.
windows, witches, babies, scarves people
A: Should you drink fluids while exercising?
zoos, buses, cities
B: Yes, you should.
trolleys, glasses
A: Can you use the gym without wearing trainers?
roofs
B: No, you can’t. You have to wear trainers in the
gym.
3 2 jellies 5 videos 8 kilos 11 teeth
Writing 3 men 6 toys 9 kisses 12 cliffs
(Suggested Answer) 4 taxes 7 mice 10 kangaroos
You must sign up for exercise classes.

4 a) The countable nouns in bold in the example
Children under 10 years old cannot enter without an
are: kilo, tomatoes, carrots, onions, tablespoons,
adult.
slices, family and people.
Outdoor shoes mustn’t be worn in the pool area.
The uncountable nouns in bold in the
You cannot get your membership fee refunded.
example are: oil, salt, pepper and bread.
b) Before countable nouns we can use a/an in the

Unit 17
singular and some/any in the plural; a pear,
1 a) The singular nouns in bold in the example some pears. Uncountable nouns can be used
are: chicken, water alone or with some, any, no, much, etc.; e.g. I’d
b) The plural nouns in bold in the example are: like (some) milk.
fillets, vegetables, chips, glasses Some uncountable nouns can be made
c) The plural of nouns is formed as follows: countable when used with phrases of quantity;
• by adding -s to the noun; e.g. cat-cats e.g. two bottles of water, a cup of tea, etc.
• by adding -es to nouns ending in -s, -ss, -
x, c) The plural noun in bold in the example is
-ch, -sh; e.g. bus-buses, kiss-kisses, fox- people and the group noun is family.
foxes, match-matches, wish-wishes
• by adding -ies to nouns ending in 5 2 some, U 5 some, U 8 some, C
consonant + y; e.g. toy-toys 3 an, C 6 a, C 9 a, C
• by adding -es to nouns ending in -o; e.g. 4 some, U 7 some, U 10 some, U
potato-potatoes
• by adding -s to words ending in vowel + -o, 6 2 a, some 4 an, a
double -o; e.g. video-videos, zoo-zoos 3 a, any, some 5 any, some
• by adding -ve to some nouns ending in -f/-
fe; e.g. wolf-wolves, wife-wives 7 2 some 4 some 6 any 8 some 10 a
Some nouns ending in -o can take -s or -es; 3 a 5 a 7 a 9 a 11 an
e.g. mosquito-mosquitoes.
Some nouns are the same in both the singular 8 2 is 4 are 6 are 8 is
and the plural; e.g. fish-fish, sheep-sheep 3 is 5 is 7 are
Irregular plurals include: man-men, foot-feet,
ox-oxen 9 2 is 4 some 6 some 8 is
3 a 5 a 7 are
10 2 kilos 4 jars 6 loaves

3 bar 5 bottles
36
Key
11 1 b paper are used in positive and interrogative sentences

2 a hair b hairs and are followed by a singular verb.
3 a chocolate b chocolates
4 a time b times 2 2 no, some 4 any 6 every 8 any
3 some 5 some 7 no
12 2 is 4 is 6 are 8 is
3 are 5 is 7 have 3 2 nothing 5 everyone 8 anything
3 anyone 6 nowhere 9 no
Speaking 4 something 7 any 10 some
(Suggested Answers)
4 2 someone/somebody 6 everything
B: …we need some cola.
3 something 7 somewhere
A: How much?
4 anywhere 8 anything
B: Six cans.
5 nothing
A: How about yoghurt?
B: We need four pots of yoghurt. Do we need any
5 2 everything 4 every 6 everyone
lettuce?
3 every 5 everywhere
A: Yes, we need two lettuces. Do we need coffee?
B: We need a jar of coffee. How about potatoes?
6 2 nothing 7 anywhere
A: No, we’ve got some in the cupboard. Do we need
3 someone 8 nowhere
any carrots?
4 anything 9 everywhere
B: No, we don’t need any. What about flour?
5 something 10 anything
A: We need a bag of flour.
6 Everyone 11 somewhere
Writing
7 2 anywhere 5 something 8 nothing
(Suggested Answer) 3 Somewhere 6 anything 9 no
Scott, please get us these things from the supermarket. 4 something 7 some 10 anything
Six cans of cola, four pots of yoghurt and two lettuces.
We’ll also need a jar of coffee and a bag of flour. 8 2 somewhere 5 everything
Thanks, 3 any 6 some
Mark 4 no one/nobody 7 everywhere
9 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C
Unit 18
1 Some, any, no and their compounds are used with Speaking
uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. (Suggested Answers)
• some and its compounds are used in positive B: Is there any fish?
sentences (some free time…somewhere near A: Yes, there is some fish. Are there any pancakes?
the sea…) They can be used in interrogative B: Yes, there are some pancakes.
sentences when we expect a positive answer. A: Are there any desserts on the menu?
• any and its compounds are used in B: Yes, there are some desserts. Are there any fruit
interrogative and negative sentences.They can smoothies?
be used in positive sentences with a difference A: No, there aren’t any fruit smoothies. Is there any
in meaning (any time of the year… + it doesn’t coffee?
matter what time…) B: Yes, there is some coffee.
• no and its compounds are used in negative A: Is there any curry on the menu?
sentences (there is nothing better…). B: Yes, there is some vegetable curry. Are there any
• every is used with singular countable nouns noodles?
(every time…). The pronouns everybody/ A: No, there are no noodles. Are there any burgers in
everyone, everything and the adverb everywhere the menu?
37
Key
B: No, there are no burgers. Is there any garlic 9 2 – 4 – 6 the 8 the 10 – 12 the
bread? 3 the 5 The 7 the 9 – 11 the 13 –
A: Yes, there is some garlic bread. Is there any soup?
B: Yes, there is some chicken soup. 10 2 an 5 the 8 a, –, –
3 the 6 – 9 The, the
4 a 7 The, the 10 –, –
Unit 19
1 a) We use a/an with singular countable nouns 11 2 -, the, the 5 the, – 8 –, the
when we talk about something in general. 3 one, a 6 an, a
4 a, ones, the 7 a, –
b) In the example, one replaces the word
painting. 12 2 – 4 an 6 one 8 ones 10 – 12 –
3 a 5 – 7 an 9 the 11 –
2 2 some 3 one 4 a 5 One 6 some
13 2 a 4 b 6 b
3 2 one 3 an 4 a 5 One 6 one 3 a 5 a 7 a
4 a) Generally, we use the with countable and 14 2 A 5 C 8 B 11 C 14 A

uncountable nouns to talk about something 3 B 6 B 9 B 12 A 15 B
specific. In the example, we see the 4 C 7 A 10 A 13 C 16 A
following uses of the: before family names
(the Kews), with the name of a museum (the 15 2 an 5 an 8 – 11 a 14 the
British Museum), with the word weather and 3 The 6 the 9 the 12 a
before the name of a river (the River Thames). 4 – 7 the 10 the 13 a
Three more examples of when we use the
word the are: Speaking
• with nouns that are unique; e.g. the Moon (Suggested Answers)
• with the names of musical instruments; e.g. A: I saw the Eiffel Tower. It was beautiful. I also saw
the trumpet the Arc de Triomphe.
• with historical periods; e.g. the Dark Ages B: Did you visit the Louvre?
A: Yes, and we visited Notre Dame Cathedral.
b) Generally we don’t use the with uncountable B: Did you eat croissants?
and countable plural nouns when talking about A: Yes, and I tried French cheese.
something in general. In the text, we see the
A: I went on holiday to Barcelona.
following examples: with the names of a city
B: That sounds interesting. What did you see?
(London), with by + means of transport (by
A: I saw the Columbus Monument and the Venetian
bus), with the name of a square (Leicester
Towers.
Square) and before the word home.
B: Did you visit the National Museum of Art of
Catalonia?
5 2 the 3 – 4 the 5 – 6 the
A: Yes, and I also visited the Basilica of the Sagrada
Family.
6 2 Russian 4 bus 6 bronchitis
B: What did you eat?
3 The Sun 5 the countryside 7 the US
A: I ate lots of tapas and paella.
7 1 b the court 3 a college 4 a the prison
Writing
2 a the bed b the college b prison
b bed (Suggested Answer)
Hi Rebecca,
8 1 the 3 –, the 5 The, the Greetings from Paris! We’re having a lovely time! The
2 –, the 4 The 6 –, – city is really beautiful with so much to see. Yesterday
38
Key
we saw the Eiffel Tower and visited the Arc de 3 a) Countable nouns in the article: adventure,
Triomphe. They were huge! We also visited the Louvre challenges, packages, cars, holidays
and saw some wonderful paintings. Afterwards, we Uncountable nouns in the article:
went to see the Notre Dame Cathedral – it was transportation, accommodation, wilderness,
amazing. I’ve tried lots of French food. I have money, fun
croissants for my breakfast every morning and I love
Countable nouns are nouns which we can
French cheese! I might bring some back with me for
count. They have singular and plural forms.
you to try. I look forward to seeing you soon!
Uncountable nouns are nouns which we
Anna
cannot count. They do not have different plural
forms and are not used with a/an. They can be
used alone or with some, any, no ,much, etc.
Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19)
1 1 a (something mentioned for the first time) b) A (long) time (countable) means a period of
2 – (talking about something in general) time, whereas (how many) times (uncountable)
3 a (something mentioned for the first time) means occasions.
4 a (before a singular countable noun when we
Three more nouns whose meaning changes
talk about it in general)
depending on whether they are used as
countable or uncountable are:
• glass; e.g. Can you pour me a glass of
6 – (no article before countries)
juice? (=container for drinking) The
7 – (no article before a sport)
restaurant has a glass floor. (=material)
8 the (before a geographical term)
• hair; e.g. Janet’s cut her hair very short. (=
9 an (before a singular countable noun when we
all the hair on her head). You need to brush
the dog hairs off your sofa. (=single hairs)
10 – (no article before mountains)
• chocolate; e.g. I always sprinkle some
11 the (with a countable noun when we talking
chocolate on my cream pudding. (=the
about something specific)
ingredient) These chocolates are filled with
12 – (no article before countries)
caramel. (=small sweets)
4 a) some, any, no and their compounds are used
14 the (with a countable noun when talking about
with uncountable nouns and plural countable
something specific)
nouns.
• Some and its compounds are used in
affirmative sentences.
• No and its compounds are used in negative
2 a) Modal verbs in the article are:
sentences.
must, could, can, ought to, mustn’t, must
• Any and its compounds are used in
interrogative sentences, and not any is used
b) a could, b mustn’t, c can, d ought to, e must
in negative sentences.
(be ready..), f must (raise…)
• Some and its compounds can also be used
in interrogative sentences when we expect
c) 1 She must be driving home right now.
a positive answer; for example, when we
2 You mustn’t throw rubbish in the park.
make an offer or a request.
3 We can/could go to the beach for the
• Every is used with singular countable
day./Shall we go to the beach for the day?
nouns. The pronouns everyone/everybody,
4 They could/may/might have got stuck in
everything and the adverb everywhere are
traffic.
used in affirmative and interrogative
5 Maria can ice-skate very well.
sentences and are followed by a singular
6 You don’t have to/needn’t/don’t need to
verb.
attend today’s lecture.
39
Key
something- I want to do something different Word Formation

this summer; I might go on a cruise. 3 1 organisation 9 endangered
anywhere- I’d move anywhere for work as long 2 extinction 10 responsibility
as I can take my family with me. 3 hungry 11 electricity
everyone- Everyone should take care of the 4 farming 12 global
environment. 5 natural 13 environmental
every- Every time I visit my relatives in 6 homeless 14 success
Cornwall we have a brilliant time. 7 assistance 15 useful
nothing- There’s nothing better than staying in 8 Scientists 16 basic
with friends on a cold winter’s day.
b) 1 some 3 anything 5 No one Unit 20

2 anywhere 4 Every 6 no
1 a) We use reported speech to tell others the
exact meaning of what someone said but not
Revision vii (Units 1-19)
the exact words.
1 1 B 6 A 11 B 16 B 21 C
2 B 7 A 12 A 17 C 22 B b) In the example, the personal pronoun I becomes
3 C 8 C 13 A 18 B 23 A she, the possessive adjectives your and my both
4 A 9 B 14 B 19 C 24 A become her and the modal verb can becomes
5 B 10 C 15 A 20 B 25 B could.
Grammar in Focus 2 2 said 4 told 6 said

A 1 an 3 simply 5 to help 3 told 5 said 7 said
2 can 4 every
3 2 said 4 tell 6 tell 8 say
B 1 have been destroyed 5 of 3 say 5 said 7 tell
2 which 6 to keep
3 their 7 from 4 2 they, their 5 she, her, we, her
4 the 3 she, her 6 he, his
4 he, me
Phrasal Verbs vii
1 1 back 3 aside 5 up 5 2 immediately 5 asked 8 that day
2 up 4 off 6 out 3 asked 6 the following day
4 said 7 tell
2 1 in 2 up 3 by 4 for 5 up
6 James said that he had been standing outside the
3 1 c (suggested answer) They’re setting up building. He had seen a car speeding along the
their tent. main road. The driver had lost control and had hit
3 b (suggested answer) They have set out on a the lamp post. He had waited there for the police
journey. to come.
4 d (suggested answer) My friend always Helen said that she had been in her car. She had
stands by me in times of trouble. stopped at a red light and she had heard a loud
bang. The driver behind her had crashed into her
Prepositions vii car. She hadn’t been injured.
1 1 of 4 for 7 of 10 of
2 of 5 into 8 about 11 to 7 2 He said that I had to hurry.
3 about 6 of 9 to 12 to 3 Sue said that they had gone on holiday the
year before/the previous year.
2 1 into 3 to 5 of 7 from 4 Tina said that they would probably buy a new
2 for 4 about 6 at car.
40
Key
5 He told me that he might be a little late that 8 The boss asked him if he had finished those
evening. reports.
6 Tom said that he had been painting the garage 9 He asked her what time the meeting was that
for two hours at the time. day.
7 Jeff said to Robert that he could borrow his 10 Debbie asked Cindy which of those dresses
dictionary. she liked best.
8 Emma said that they had bought a gift for
Ryan. 11 2 Sandra asked Peter when he had begun
underwater photography.
8 2 Kim said that she had to do the laundry then. 3 Sandra asked Peter what kind of equipment he
3 Dad says that it’s time for bed. used.
(The tense does not change because the 4 Sandra asked Peter how often he travelled to
reporting verb is in the present) different destinations.
4 She said that if she had a lot of money, she 5 Sandra asked Peter where he would go next.
would go on a cruise. 6 Sandra asked Peter if he was planning to do
(The tense does not change because the anything different in the future.
sentence is a conditional type 2)
5 He said that he was going on holiday the 12 2 suggested 3 begged 4 told 5 ordered
following week/the week after.
6 She said that she wishes she could solve that 13 2 Cindy asked Greg to have dinner with them
exercise. that night
(The tense does not change because it is a 3 He suggested going out to lunch the next
wish) day/the following day.
4 The policeman ordered them to stop the car.
9 a) In the example in picture A, the tenses and 5 Jimmy begged his mother to let him stay up
pronouns in the reported question change as late that night.
they do in reported statements: you becomes 6 The teacher told the students to hand in their
she and can becomes could. However, the verb assignments.
in the reported question is in the affirmative.
We use if/whether when the direct question 14 2 “Come to the concert with me,” John said to
begins with an auxiliary or a modal verb. We me.
use question words when the direct speech 3 “Have you finished your school project?” he
begins with a question word. asked his son.
4 “Let’s go to Paris for a few days,” Tim said to
b) To report commands we use the introductory them.
verbs tell or order. 5 “Has anyone left a message for me?” she
To report requests we use the introductory asked.
verbs ask or beg. 6 “Get out of the car!” the police officer said to
To report suggestions we use the introductory the driver.
verb suggest.
15 2 advised 10 promised
10 2 Joe asked Fred if he could help him move that 3 reminded 11 threatened
sofa. 4 accused 12 apologised
3 He asked us if we had gone out to dinner the 5 warned 13 refused
night before/the previous night. 6 suggested 14 denied
4 Jeff asked me if I lived nearby. 7 insisted 15 invited
5 Paul asked her what her favourite book was. 8 offered 16 admitted
6 Ken asked me if I was still looking for a job. 9 boasted
7 Lynn asked Ted if he would help her carry the
bags.
41
Key
16 2 me to borrow my bicycle. Mike: George said that he would play tennis the
3 to Emily for forgetting her birthday. following afternoon and that he would go to his
4 ruining/having ruined the surprise. cousin’s birthday party the following evening.
5 to me that my mobile needs a new battery to George: Mike said that he would go on a picnic the
work. following morning. He also said that he would take a
6 me not to touch the iron. nap at noon.
7 to leave if he didn’t stop shouting at her.
8 me to her party. Writing
9 that Ann was a smart child. (Suggested Answer)
10 (to) telling/having told the secret.
George told me that he had hung out with his friends
11 to call her.
the previous night. “We played computer games and
watched TV.” he said.
17 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 A
George also told me had finished his science project
the previous night. He also said that he had been to
18 2 to book the tickets 4 if they could
the shops and he had prepared lunch for his friends
3 to bring his 5 to call Pam
that day. He added that he would play tennis the
following afternoon. As for his evening plans, George
19 2 asked if there was going to be a sequel.
said, “I will go to my cousin’s birthday party tomorrow
3 said that she would buy it on DVD.
evening.”
4 asked if anyone wanted to see it again.
5 said/complained that it hadn’t been that good
and that he hadn’t liked the ending. Unit 21
20 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b 1 a) The phrases in bold in the example introduce
clauses of purpose.
Speaking
b) Other words/phrases that introduce clauses
(Suggested Answers)
of purpose are: (positive purpose) so as to +
George: ... that he had visited his grand parents the infinitive, so that/in order that + can/will, so
previous evening. that/in order that + could/would, in case + past
Mike: I went to the theatre yesterday evening. tense, for + noun, for + -ing form. (negative
George: I finished my science project last night. purpose) in order not to/so as not to + infinitive,
Mike: George said that he had finished his science so that + couldn’t/wouldn’t
project the previous night.
George: Mike said that he had gone to the theatre the 2 2 so as to 4 to 6 for
previous evening. 3 for 5 so that 7 in order to
Mike: I’ve tidied up my bedroom.
George: I’ve prepared lunch for my friends today. 3 2 Hannah wrote her doctor’s appointment on the
Mike: I’ve already walked the dog today. calendar so as not to forget it.
George: I’ve been to the shops today. 3 We always keep the gate closed so that the
Mike: George said that he had prepared lunch for his dog can’t get out.
friends and he had been to the shops that day. 4 Chris went into the café to buy a cup of coffee.
George: Mike said that he had tidied up his bedroom. 5 Kelly takes a bottle of water with her when she
He also said that he had already walked the dog that goes jogging in case she gets thirsty.
day. 6 They cycle to work so as to avoid the traffic.
Mike: I will go on a picnic tomorrow morning.
George: I will play tennis tomorrow afternoon. 4 a) Phrases that introduce clauses of reason in
Mike: I will take a nap at noon. the example: due to, because of
George: I will go to my cousin’s birthday party
tomorrow evening. b) Other words/phrases that introduce a
clause of reason are: because, as/since, the
42
Key
reason for + noun/-ing form, the reason why + Bob loves creating delicious dishes for his
clause, on account of + noun, because of/on customers, but it is very demanding and stressful
account of/due to the fact that + clause, now work.
(that) + clause, for. Bob loves creating delicious dishes for his
customers in spite of/despite the fact that it is very
c) (Suggested Answers) demanding and stressful work
Trains to Birmingham are cancelled on Bob loves creating delicious dishes for his
account of the bad weather. Due to this, customers. However/Still/Nevertheless, it is very
passengers are advised to find alternative demanding and stressful work.
transport. The reason why trains to Bob loves creating delicious dishes for his
Birmingham are cancelled is the bad weather. customers, yet it is very demanding and stressful
Since the trains are cancelled, passengers are work.
advised to find alternative transport. As there Bob loves creating delicious dishes for his
is bad weather, trains to Birmingham are customers. On the other hand, it is very demanding
cancelled. On account of this, passengers are and stressful work.
advised to find alternative transport.
9 2 whereas
5 2 As 4 Since 3 though
3 because 5 on account of 4 Despite/In spite of
5 Even though/Although/Though
6 2 the reason why 4 on account of 6 Despite/In spite of
3 Since 5 the reason for 7 However
7 2 He was late for his art class because he 10 2 Although the heating is on, it’s cold./It’s cold
missed the bus. although the heating is on.
3 The plane couldn’t take off due to the strong 3 Simon was invited, yet I haven’t seen him.
wind. 4 Dogs are fun to play with. On the other hand,
4 The amusement park is closed because of they can be difficult to look after.
safety issues. 5 Cathy doesn’t like heights. Nevertheless, she
5 Now that Beth has moved house, she can get did a parachute jump for charity.
a pet. 6 Despite the fact that he had a headache, Tom
6 They couldn’t go fishing due to the fact that went jogging./Tom went jogging despite the
the lake was frozen. fact that he had a headache.
8 Despite/In spite of is followed by noun/-ing form. 11 2 In spite of 4 the reason why 6 in order to
Although/even though is followed by a clause. 3 Now that 5 Nevertheless
These words express contrast. They introduce
clauses of concession. Other ways to rephrase 12 2 A 4 C 6 B 8 C
the example sentences are: 3 A 5 B 7 C
Although/Even though/Though he has a dangerous
job, Peter likes helping people in need. 13 2 though it was 4 that she
Peter has a dangerous job, but he likes helping 3 spite of 5 due
people in need.
In spite of/Despite the fact that he has a Speaking
dangerous job, Peter likes helping people in need. (Suggested Answers)
Peter has a dangerous job. However/Still/
B: … fit all her things inside.
Nevertheless, he likes helping people in need.
A: She packed insect repellent in case there were
Peter has a dangerous job, yet he likes helping
mosquitoes.
people in need.
B: This morning, Rachel arrived at the airport early
Peter has a dangerous job. On the other hand, he
so as not to miss her flight.
likes helping people in need.
43
Key
A: The flight was delayed on account of a problem 6 2 isn’t he 4 isn’t there 6 won’t you
with the engine. 3 didn’t you 5 isn’t it
B: Rachel was happy in spite of the delay because/as
the airline gave passengers free passes to the hotel 7 2 make me a cup of tea, will/won’t you?
spa. 3 broke my favourite mug, didn’t you?
A: The flight left six hours late. Nevertheless, Rachel 4 play football this weekend, shall we?
had a great time at the airport. 5 New Street is the next stop, isn’t it?
Writing Speaking
(Suggested Answer) (Suggested Answers)
Dear diary, B: They’re good at ballet, aren’t they?
Last night I felt excited as I was going on holiday. I chose A: It’s a dangerous sport, isn’t it?
a big suitcase so that I could fit all my things inside and B: She looks busy, doesn’t she?
I packed insect repellent in case there would be
mosquitoes. This morning, I arrived early so as not to Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20 - 22)
miss my flight but the flight was delayed on account of 1 a) Examples of Reported Speech in the dialogue:
a problem with the engine. I was happy in spite of the Jason tells me you’ve been ill and that was why
delay because the airline gave the passengers free you didn’t go to the carnival,
passes to the hotel spa. The flight left six hours late. Philip said that it was the best carnival they
Nevertheless, I had a great time at the airport. I just hope have had in years, he begged us all to go the
my holiday will be just as good. following year, asked if I would be going,
He also said to me that I should have gone the
day before even though I was ill,
Unit 22
He says he enjoys it more than any other event
1 Question tags are formed with the auxiliary or in the town,
modal verb of the main sentence and the Philip had told us to arrive early in order to beat
appropriate subject pronoun. When the verb of the queues…
the sentence is in the present simple, we form the
Reported speech is the exact meaning of what
question tag with do, does or did + subject
someone said, but not the exact words. We do
pronoun. We use question tags to confirm
not use quotation marks in reported speech.
something or when we want to find out if
something is true. In reported statements the tenses change
as follows:
2 2 a 4 c 6 i 8 g 10 e Direct Speech Reported Speech
3 h 5 b 7 d 9 f Present Simple → Past Simple
Present Continuous→ Past Continuous
3 2 doesn’t he 4 isn’t he 6 hasn’t he Past Simple → Past Perfect
3 will you 5 haven’t they 7 didn’t you Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
Future Simple → Conditional
4 2 will you 6 is it 10 don’t they Present Perfect → Past Perfect
3 won’t you 7 aren’t I 11 will/won’t you Present Perfect
4 hasn’t he 8 hasn’t he Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
5 didn’t they 9 do they Pronouns change according to the meaning of
the sentence.
5 2 moved, didn’t they Time expressions change according to the
3 has travelled, hasn’t he meaning of the sentence as follows:
4 is setting up, isn’t he Now → then
5 bakes, does she Today, tonight→that day, that night
6 are graduating, aren’t they Yesterday → the day before, the previous day
44
Key
Tomorrow → the next day, the following day she said. → She said that these flowers smell
This week → that week lovely.
Last week → the week before, the previous
week 3 1 She said that they had gone to the zoo the
Next week → the week after, the following previous weekend.
week 2 She wondered if/whether it was raining
Two days ago→ two days before outside.
3 He told me that he had never been abroad
b) Reported questions are usually introduced before.
with the verbs ask, inquire. The verb in 4 He asked the couple when their wedding
reported questions is in the affirmative. The anniversary was.
question mark and words/expressions such as 5 She asked me where I had been the day
please, well…, oh, etc. are omitted. The verb before/ the previous day.
tenses, pronouns and time expressions 6 She told me that she wouldn’t give Maria a lift
change as in statements. to town as she was taking the bus.
The verb which is used in the dialogue to
introduce a reported question is asked. 4 a) Reporting verbs in the dialogue: tell, said,
Other verbs/phrases used to introduce a asked, begged, says, told
reported question are wonder and want to
know. b) 1 suggested 3 promised 5 accused
2 offered 4 reminded 6 boasted
c) Reported request in the dialogue: … he
begged us all to go the following year. 5 a) Clause of purpose in the dialogue: Philip had
Reported orders, requests and suggestions told us to arrive early in order to beat the
are formed as follows: queues. – introduced by in order to
• orders: we use the introductory verbs order Clause of reason in the dialogue: …and that
or tell + sb + (not) to -infinitive was the reason why you didn’t go to the
• request: we use the introductory verbs ask carnival. – introduced by the reason why
or beg + sb + (not) to -infinitive Clauses of concession in the dialogue: I’m
• suggestions: we use the introductory verb fine now but I wasn’t well yesterday. –
suggest + -ing form/that sb (should) + introduced by but
infinitive without to He also said to me that I should have gone the
day before even though I was ill. – introduced
2 The verb tense doesn’t change in these by even though
sentences because the reporting verbs says, tells
are in the present (when we pass on messages, b) Philip had told us to arrive early so as to/to
when we report the content of a letter or article beat the queues.
while reading it and when we refer to sth sb says Philip had told us to arrive early so that we
very often). beat the queues.
… and that was the reason for not going to the
Verb tense do not change in reported speech:
carnival.
• in conditionals type 2/type 3 or wishes;
Jason tells me that you didn’t go to the
e.g.“ I wish I were on a beach,” she said. →
carnival because/as/since you’ve been ill.
She said she wished she were on a beach.
Jason tells me that you didn’t go to the
• when the speaker expresses general truths,
carnival due to the fact/because of the fact/on
permanent states or conditions; e.g. “Water
account of the fact that you’ve been ill.
boils at 100°C.” he said. → He said that
I’m fine now although/even though/though I
water boils at 100°C.
wasn’t well yesterday.
• when the speaker is reporting something
I’m fine now in spite of/despite the fact that I
immediately after it was said (up-to date
wasn’t well yesterday.
reporting); e.g. “These flowers smell lovely,”
45
Key
He also said to me that I should have gone the 4 e, (suggested answer) Could you please turn
day before even though/though/although/ off the drill?
despite the fact/in spite of the fact that I was ill. 5 b, (suggested answer) The plane took off at 10
am.
6 Question tag in the dialogue: That is early, isn’t
it? Prepositions viii
We form question tags with the auxiliary or modal 1 1 at 5 on 9 for 13 on 17 by
verb of the main sentence and the appropriate 2 on 6 by 10 at 14 in 18 for
subject pronoun. When the verb of the sentence 3 in 7 in 11 by 15 on 19 in
is in present simple or past simple, we form the 4 for 8 on 12 at 16 for 20 on
question tag with do, does or did and the subject
pronoun. 2 1 by 3 on 5 at 7 for
A positive statement is followed by a negative 2 by 4 in 6 on
question tag, and a negative statement is
followed by a positive question tag. Word Formation
When the sentence contains a word with a
3 1 advertisement 6 attractive
negative meaning like neither, no, no one, none,
2 normally 7 sensible
nobody, nothing, scarcely, hardly ever, never, or
3 noisy 8 scientific
seldom, the question tag is positive.
4 different 9 excitement
We use question tags when we want to confirm
5 director 10 careless
something or when we want to find out if something
is true or not.
Further Practice Material
Revision viii (Units 1-22)
Revision of tenses
1 A 6 A 11 A 16 C 21 A
2 C 7 A 12 C 17 B 22 B 1 1 drinks 5 Is Alex volunteering
3 A 8 A 13 B 18 A 23 C 2 Do you play 6 are using
4 B 9 B 14 A 19 C 24 B 3 aren’t watching 7 don’t live
5 C 10 C 15 C 20 A 25 A 4 boils 8 are studying
Grammar in Focus 2 1 were you talking 5 was blowing

2 was giving 6 wasn’t doing
A 1) Every 5) traditional
3 locked 7 Did Henry VIII rule
2) the 6) has been celebrated
4 didn’t see 8 rang
3) On 7) to remember
4) which 8) later
3 1 Have you ever eaten 4 Did you send
2 finished 5 has never travelled
B 1) is held 3) so 5) who 7) Some
3 has gone 6 didn’t visit
2) in 4) they 6) their 8) busiest
4 1 Have you visited, have been revising
Phrasal Verbs viii
2 had never tried/had been having
1 1 after 3 off 5 off 7 over 3 had been driving
2 down 4 up 6 away 4 had gone, had been working
5 Have you been watching, have been cleaning/
2 1 down 3 down 5 up 7 out have cleaned
2 up 4 to 6 down 6 Has Emma been using, hasn’t deleted
7 had seen
3 2 c, (suggested answer) They take away the 8 have you been standing, hasn’t arrived
rubbish daily. 9 ’ve already bought, haven’t decided
3 d, (suggested answer) The train turned up on 10 had you been waiting, had made
time.
46
Key
5 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 A A 1 both love 4 far

2 who gave 5 couldn’t imagine
6 1 ’m visiting 5 open 3 big enough
2 ’ll love 6 ’ll have
3 are you doing 7 ’ll come B 1 has been interested 4 success
4 ’m not going to go 8 ’m playing 2 there is 5 asked
3 was designed
7 1 B 4 A 7 C 10 C 13 C
2 C 5 B 8 B 11 B 14 B C 1 since 3 taught 5 such
3 B 6 A 9 C 12 A 2 not able 4 difficult as
D 1 will take place 4 don’t have

Multiple choice questions 2 never happened 5 will be awarded
1 1 A 11 C 21 B 31 A 41 A 51 A 3 unless
2 C 12 B 22 A 32 A 42 A 52 C
3 B 13 B 23 C 33 B 43 B 53 A E 1 as much as 3 don’t 5 lasted
4 C 14 C 24 C 34 C 44 B 54 B 2 ought 4 are better
5 C 15 B 25 B 35 A 45 C 55 B
6 B 16 C 26 A 36 B 46 B 56 A F 1 never applied 3 had 5 your work
7 B 17 B 27 B 37 C 47 B 57 C 2 belongs 4 gave her
8 C 18 C 28 C 38 C 48 B 58 A
9 B 19 A 29 C 39 A 49 A 59 C G 1 bored 3 have 5 is
10 B 20 C 30 B 40 B 50 C 60 B 2 showed 4 opened
H 1 fascinated 4 any seats

Sentence Transformations 2 is giving 5 very difficult/hard
3 without
1 You look 15 easy
2 can pay 16 cycling
3 were written 17 can drive
4 everywhere 18 searching
5 has/sells 19 Do you
6 takes 20 to work
7 going 21 must accompany
8 cheaper 22 as
9 Do 23 prefers
10 for 24 gives/sends/hands me
11 eat much 25 nothing
12 told us 26 hasn’t
13 lent 27 when
14 first time 28 favourite
47
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qxp_Grammar Time 3 key 5/16/16 17:27 Page 1

Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

© Virginia Evans – Jenny Dooley, 2015

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2015

First published 2015

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

Starter Unit b) How many in Picture A is used in an

15 2 how many 6 a few A: How often do you buy new clothes?

25 2 haven’t 6 aren’t 10 hasn’t Verbs in picture C: does… arrive (present

27 2 Are, are, can b) The present simple and the present

Unit 1 2 2 cries 5 kisses 8 wishes

Speaking b) Who and which are the relative pronouns that

11 (Suggested Answer) c) The adjective excited describes how a person

6 2 extremely – degree 7 rather – degree Adjectives of one syllable ending in vowel +

14 2 less 5 slightly 8 a lot Writing

past continuous: 4 1 broke out

9 2 Did Shelley use to wear 16 2 Were you doing

14 1 woke 20 2 when he dropped 4 Penny was cleaning

Writing collapsed, panicked…calmed down…went

4 ’ve already had Writing

6 ’ve been working 7 ’s ever visited

c) (Suggested Answer) 3 1 flew 4 has she been working

2 1 through 4 away 7 out 4 2 she had lost her mobile phone

11 2 had been working Speaking

14 2 had booked 6 had left (Suggested Answer)

17 2 until, before 6 since

2 2 call 6 to leave 10 to tell 10 2 practising 9 reading 16 to visit

19 2 C 4 C 6 B 8 C 10 A 12 B 3 a) Infinitive: concern (after modal verb), sit down

Revision iv (Units 1-9) Unit 10

5 2 will be attending 5 won’t be travelling Unit 11

12 2 providing 5 Supposing Writing

Negative: I + am not going to + main verb, It expresses an imaginary situation contrary to

Negative: I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they + will c) (Suggested Answers)

Phrasal Verbs v c) The agent is introduced with the preposition

Unit 15 the stereo speakers improved. It looks great now. You

4 1 himself 3 ourselves 5 herself Prepositions vi

2 1 out 3 after 5 down 7 2 a 4 a 6 b 8 a

3 1b The dog is running after the cat. 8 2 didn’t need to wait

13 2 B 3 A 4 C 18 2 must 4 can 6 shouldn’t

You must sign up for exercise classes.

b) Before countable nouns we can use a/an in the

10 2 kilos 4 jars 6 loaves

11 1 b paper are used in positive and interrogative sentences

4 a) Generally, we use the with countable and 14 2 A 5 C 8 B 11 C 14 A

something- I want to do something different Word Formation

b) 1 some 3 anything 5 No one Unit 20

Grammar in Focus 2 2 said 4 told 6 said

Grammar in Focus 2 1 were you talking 5 was blowing

5 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 A A 1 both love 4 far

D 1 will take place 4 don’t have

H 1 fascinated 4 any seats

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