Cofat SPC

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL/ SPC
Ce test est valable lorsque vous voulez vérifier est-ce la moyenne de votre processus est égale à la
valeur nominale ou non.
Ce test est utilisé lorsqu’on veut comparer les moyennes de deux machines, deux méthodes, deux
opérateurs, deux lignes, deux shifts, avant et après réparation, etc
n>=30
ANOVA : Comparison of more
than two means.
Ce test est très utile pour rechercher la cause racine. Il suffit
de prendre en considération toutes les causes potentielles
dans notre feuille de relevé de données (ex : opérateur,
machine, méthode, set, shift, …etc). ensuite en choisissant
l’outil ANOVA, on déterminera quel est le facteur qui nous
cause une variabilité significative de notre output.
Dans cet exemple, la méthode et le type de matière première

sont deux facteurs significatifs.
The magnificant Seven

Scatter diagram ou diagramme de dispersion visualise la
relation potentielle entre deux variables (cause et effet).
how SPC methods were used to improve quality and productivity in a copper plating operation at a
printed circuit board fabrication facility. This process was characterized by high levels of defects such
as brittle copper and copper voids and by long cycle time. The long cycle time was particularly
troublesome, as it had led to an extensive work backlog and was a major contributor to poor
conformance to the factory production schedule.
Management chose this process area for an initial implementation of SPC. The DMAIC
approach was used. An improvement team was formed, consisting of the plating tank operator, the
manufacturing engineer responsible for the process, and a quality engineer. All members of the team
had been exposed to DMAIC and the magnificent seven in a company-sponsored seminar. During the
define step, it was decided to concentrate on reducing the flow time through the process, as the
missed delivery targets were considered to be the most serious obstacle to improving productivity. The
team quickly determined (during the measure step) that excessive downtime on the controller that
regulated the copper concentration in the plating tank was a major factor in the excessive flow time;
controller downtime translated directly into lost production.
The items may have several quality characteristics that are examined
simultaneously by the inspector. If the item does not conform to standard
on one or more of these characteristics, it is classified as nonconforming.
The usual procedure is to select m preliminary samples, each of size n.
As a general rule, m should be at least 20 or 25.
L=3
Process
Capability
Analysis
At least 100 or more observations should be available
The following steps should be followed prior to data collection:
1. Choose the machine or machines to be used. If the results based on

one (or a few) machines are to be extended to a larger population of
machines, the machine selected should be representative of those in the
population. Furthermore, if the machine has multiple workstations or
heads, it may be important to collect the data so that head-to-head
variability can be isolated. This may imply that designed experiments
should be used.
2. Select the process operating conditions. Carefully define conditions,
such as cutting speeds, feed rates, and temperatures, for future
reference. It may be important to study the effects of varying these
factors on process capability.
3. Select a representative operator. In some studies, it may be important

to estimate operator variability. In these cases, the operators should be
selected at random from the population of operators.
4. Carefully monitor the data-collection process, and record the time

order in which each unit is produced.
The process capability ratio Cp does not take into account where the
process mean is located relative to the specifications. Cp simply
measures the spread of the specifications relative to the six-sigma
spread in the process.
Generally, if Cp Cpk, the process is centered at the midpoint of the

specifications, and when Cpk Cp the process is off-center.
The magnitude of Cpk relative to Cp is a direct measure of how off-

center the process is operating.
An important assumption underlying our discussion of process capability
and the ratios Cp and Cpk is that their usual interpretation is based on a
normal distribution of process output.
If the underlying distribution is non-normal, then as we previously
cautioned, the statements about expected process fallout attributed to a
particular value of Cp or Cpk may be in error.
The Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) was formed and consists
of representatives of the “big three” (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler)
and the American Society for Quality Control (now the American Society
for Quality). One of their objectives was to standardize the reporting
requirements from suppliers and in general of their industry. The AIAG
recommends using the process capability indices Cp and Cpk when the
process is in control, with the process standard deviation estimated by
. When the process is not in control, the AIAG recommends using

process performance indices Pp and Ppk,

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STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL/ SPC

Dans cet exemple, la méthode et le type de matière première

The magnificant Seven

1. Choose the machine or machines to be used. If the results based on

3. Select a representative operator. In some studies, it may be important

4. Carefully monitor the data-collection process, and record the time

Generally, if Cp Cpk, the process is centered at the midpoint of the

The magnitude of Cpk relative to Cp is a direct measure of how off-

. When the process is not in control, the AIAG recommends using

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