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    Morpho-Phonology Handout

    Uploaded by

    Uday Chaudhary

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Morpho-Phonology Handout

    Uploaded by

    Uday Chaudhary
    8 views4 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views4 pages

    Morpho-Phonology Handout

    Uploaded by

    Uday Chaudhary

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Morpho-Phonology

    Tonkawa
    Tonkawa is a native American language that used to be spoken in Texas. From the given data,
    isolate the morphemes corresponding to the verb roots, the progressive, the present and the
    various pronominals.
    Data Set 1
    Verb.present Verb. progressive
    picnoɁ He cuts it picnanoɁ He is cutting it
    wepcenoɁ He cuts them wepcenanoɁ He is cutting them
    kepcenoɁ He cuts me kepcenanoɁ He is cutting me
    picen Castrated one
    notxoɁ He hoes it notxonoɁ He is hoeing it
    wentoxoɁ He hoes them wentoxonoɁ He is hoeing them
    kentoxoɁ He hoes me kentoxonoɁ He is hoeing me
    notox hoe

    Step 1: Split the phonological string


    Verb.present Verb. progressive
    picn-oɁ He cuts it picn-an-oɁ He is cutting it
    we-pcen-oɁ He cuts them we-pcen-an-oɁ He is cutting them
    ke-pcen-oɁ He cuts me ke-pcen-an-oɁ He is cutting me
    picen Castrated one
    notx-oɁ He hoes it notx-on-oɁ He is hoeing it
    we-ntox-oɁ He hoes them we-ntox-on-oɁ He is hoeing them
    ke-ntox-oɁ He hoes me ke-ntox-on-oɁ He is hoeing me
    notox hoe

    Step 2: Interim generalization


    Pronouns Verbs Tense
    3p.sg sub 3p.sg obj 3p.pl obj 1p.sg obj Cut Hoe Present Progressive
    -oɁ ∅ we- ke- picn notx ∅ -an
    pcen ntox -on
    picen notox

    Alternative Generalization
    Pronouns Verbs Tense
    3p.sg sub 3p.sg obj 3p.pl obj 1p.sg obj Cut Hoe Present Progressive
    -oɁ we- ke- picna notxo -n
    pcena ntoxo -n
    picen notox
    picn notx
    pcen ntox
    Step 3: Verification with additional data
    Data set 2
    Verb.present Verb. progressive
    netloɁ He licks it netlenoɁ He is licking it
    wentalxoɁ He licks them wentalenoɁ He is licking them
    kentalxoɁ He licks me kentalenoɁ He is licking me

    naxcoɁ He makes it naxcenoɁ He is making it


    wenxacxoɁ He makes them wenxacenoɁ He is making them
    kenxacoɁ He makes me kenxacenoɁ He is making me

    Generalization 1
    Pronouns Verbs Tense
    3p.sg sub 3p.sg obj 3p.pl obj 1p.sg obj Lick Make Present Progressive
    -oɁ ∅ we- ke- netl naxc ∅ -en
    ntal nxac

    Generalization 2
    Pronouns Verbs Tense
    3p.sg sub 3p.sg obj 3p.pl obj 1p.sg obj Lick Make Present Progressive
    -oɁ ∅ we- ke- netle naxce ∅ -n
    ntale nxace
    netl naxc
    ntal nxac

    In Generalization 1, both verb roots and the progressive show allomorphy, while in the latter the
    allomorphs are restricted to verb roots.

    The allomorphs of the verb Roots


    Generalization 1 Generalization 2
    Cut Hoe Lick Make Cut Hoe Lick Make
    picn notx netl naxc picna notxo netle naxce
    pcen ntox ntal nxac pcena ntoxo ntale nxace
    picen notox picen notox netl naxc
    picn notx ntal nxac
    pcen ntox

    Gen 1
    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make
    picen notox netal naxac
    Và∅/ CV][C_C we-pcen we-ntox we-ntal we-nxac
    Delete the first stem vowel when a CV prefix is attached
    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make
    picen notox netal naxac
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC picn-oɁ notx-oɁ netl-oɁ naxc-oɁ
    Delete the final stem vowel when a VC suffix is attached

    Note Both rules do not apply simultaneously since both root vowels will get deleted. How do we
    block them from applying? By cyclic rule ordering.

    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make


    Cycle 1 picen notox netal naxac
    Prefixation we-picen we-notox we-netal we-naxac
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC ____ ____ ____ ____
    Và∅/ CV][C_C we-pcen we-ntox we-ntal we-nxac
    Cycle 2
    Suffixation we-pcen-oɁ we-ntox-oɁ we-ntal-oɁ we-nxac-oɁ
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC we-pcn-oɁ we-ntx-oɁ we-ntl -oɁ we-nxc-oɁ
    Và∅/ CV][C_C ____ ____ ____ ____
    Surface Representation we-pcn-oɁ we-ntx-oɁ we-ntl -oɁ we-nxc-oɁ

    Reversing the order


    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make
    Cycle 1 picen notox netal naxac
    Suffixation picen-oɁ notox-oɁ netal-oɁ naxac-oɁ
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC picn-oɁ notx-oɁ netl-oɁ naxc-oɁ
    Và∅/ CV][C_C ____ ____ ____ ____
    Cycle 2
    Prefixation we-picn-oɁ we-notx-oɁ we-netl-oɁ we-naxc-oɁ
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC ____ ____ ____ ____
    Và∅/ CV][C_C we-pcn-oɁ we-ntx-oɁ we-ntl-oɁ we-nxc-oɁ
    Surface Representation we-pcn-oɁ we-ntx-oɁ we-ntl-oɁ we-nxc-oɁ

    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make


    Cycle 1 picen notox netal naxac
    Prefixation we-picen we-notox we-netal we-naxac
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC ____ ____ ____ ____
    Và∅/ CV][C_C we-pcen we-ntox we-ntal we-nxac
    Cycle 2
    Suffixation we-pcen-oɁ we-ntox-oɁ we-ntal-oɁ we-nxac-oɁ
    Và∅/ CV][C_C ____ ____ ____ ____
    Surface Representation we-pcen-oɁ we-ntox-oɁ we-ntal-oɁ we-nxac-oɁ

    The rule for deleting stem final vowel is absent from Cycle 2.
    Underlying representation Cut Hoe Lick Make
    Cycle 1 picen notox netal naxac
    Suffixation picen-oɁ notox-oɁ netal-oɁ naxac-oɁ
    Và∅/ CVC_C][VC picn-oɁ notx-oɁ netl-oɁ naxc-oɁ
    Và∅/ CV][C_C ____ ____ ____ ____
    Surface Representation picn-oɁ notx-oɁ netl-oɁ naxc-oɁ

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