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    Disinfections

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    Disinfections

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    9 views5 pages

    Disinfections

    Uploaded by

    sararafaqat33392

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Disinfection

    Definition
    • Disinfection means Killing the germs of infection and the insects or organism
    carrying infection.

    Disinfectants:
    • It is a substance which destroys harmful microbes with the objective of preventing
    transmission of disease.

    • Objective of using Disinfectant: Preventing the transmission of disease

    • Also known as Germicide


    Types of Disinfection

    • There three types of disinfection

    1. Precurrent Disinfection/ Prophylactic Disinfection

    2. Concurrent Disinfection

    3. Terminal Disinfection

    Explaination of types:

    i• This is carried out as preventive measure, to prevent the onset of disease.

    • The ultimate objective of the disinfection procedure is to prevent the onset of the
    disease and to prevent its further spread among the subsequent occupants.

    Precurrent Disinfection/ Prophylactic Disinfection

    • Example -

    1. chlorination of water,

    2. pasteurization of milk,

    3. sterilization of vaccines,

    4. scrubbing and washing hands before surgery and after examination the patient,
    sterilization of the instruments before using for surgery.
    Concurrent Disinfection/ Concomitant disinfection
    • The application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after the discharge of
    infectious materials from the body of an infectious person.

    • Disinfection is done when a person is ill is known as

    Concurrent Disinfection.

    • Aim: To prevent the spread of infection.

    • or this disinfection is done after the soiling of articles with infectious


    Concurrent Disinfection/ Concomitant disischarges

    infection

    • Example: Disinfection of urine, feces, vomit, contaminated linen, clothes, hands,


    dressings, aprons, gloves etc throughout the course of an illness.

    • Disinfection of all the objects used by the person throughout the cousre of an
    illness.
    Physical Methods/ Agents of Disinfection

    • Burning

    • Hot air

    • Boiling

    • Autoclaving

    • Radiation

    1.Burning

    • It is an excellent method of disinfection articles like dressings, rags, swabs, faces,


    can be disposed by burning.

    • Sawdust, paper, kerosene, or other combustible material, can be used as aids in


    burning.

    • Burning should not be done in open air; it is best done in the incinerator.

    2. Hot air

    • Glassware, syringe, swabs, dressings, French chalk, oils, Vaseline and sharp
    instruments can sterilize by using hot air.
    • The temperature should maintain in hot air oven is in between 160 - 180 0 C.
    . Boiling

    • Boiling is an effective method of Disinfection. Boiling for 5-10 minutes (rolling boil),
    kill the bacteria, but not spores or virus. Boiling is useful for disinfection of small
    instruments; tools which are not used for subcutaneous insertion, linen, and rubber
    goose such gloves.

    • Drawback:- It is a slow process and unsuitable for thick and woolen material as
    they shrink.

    4. Autoclaving

    • Sterilizers which operates at high temperatures ( in excess of 100 degree) and


    pressure are called Autoclaves. They generate steam under pressure, which is the
    most effective sterilizing agent.

    • Autoclaves fall in to two categories -

    1. Single chambered

    2. Double chambered.

    • Autoclaves work on the same principle as the domestic pressure cooker.

    • Autoclaving is widely used in hospital and laboratory practice. It destroys all forms
    of life, including spores. Autoclaving is most effective method for sterilization of
    linen, dressing, gloves, springs, certain instruments and culture media. It is not
    suitable for sterilization of plastics and sharp instruments.

    5. Radiation

    • lonizing radiation is being increasing used for sterilization of bandages, dressing,


    catgut, and surgical instruments.

    • The objects to be sterilized are placed in plastic bags before radiation. lonizing
    radiation has great penetrating powers with little or no heating effect.

    • This method is most effective but very costly.


    Chemical Methods/ Agents of Disinfection

    • Articles which cannot be sterilized by boiling or autoclaving may be immersed in


    disinfectants.

    • Chemical disinfectants can be grouped as follows:


    1. Phenol and related compounds (liquid disinfectants)

    2.Alcohols

    1. Phenol and related compounds (liquid disinfectants)

    • a. Phenol:- pure phenol or carbolic acid is the best known member of this group. It
    is having germicidal effect.

    • b. Crude phenol: - commonly used phenol is known as 'Crude phenol', which is a


    mixture of phenol and cresol. It is dark oily liquid. It is effective against gram negative
    and gram positive bacteria, but only slowly effective against spores and acid fest
    bacteria. In 5 percent strength, it may be used for mopping floors and cleaning
    drains. Aqueous solution of 0.2 to 1% is bacteriostatic.
    Alcohol:

    Alcohol is a widely used disinfectant due to its effectiveness against various


    microorganisms. Here's how it's used as a chemical method of disinfection:

    Types of Alcohol Used:

    1. Ethanol (EtOH): 60-90% concentration, commonly used in healthcare settings.

    2. Isopropanol (IPA): 70-90% concentration, often used in industrial and laboratory


    settings.
    Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC)

    Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a potent disinfectant containing 60%


    available chlorine. It's easy to store and safe to use, making it ideal for various
    applications. Solutions prepared with NaDCC powder or tablets provide 1-5g/l
    available chlorine, effective against microorganisms.

    Chloramines
    Chloramines are disinfectants with 25% available chlorine, releasing chlorine slower
    than hypochlorites. They require higher initial concentrations but are less affected by
    organic matter. Chloramine solutions are odor-free, but items must be thoroughly
    rinsed to remove residue.

    Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)

    Chlorine dioxide is a strong, fast-acting germicide and oxidizer, effective at low


    concentrations. It's stable in aqueous solutions and selective, reacting only with
    reduced sulfur compounds and secondary/tertiary amines. Chlorine dioxide is ideal
    for high-organic-loading situations.

    Formaldehyde (HCHO)

    Formaldehyde is a gas that kills microorganisms and spores above 20°C, but not
    prions. It's relatively slow-acting, requiring 70% relative humidity. Formaldehyde is
    marketed as paraformaldehyde or formalin and is used for decontamination and
    disinfection. However, it's a suspected carcinogen and irritant gas, requiring careful
    handling.

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