PRO/IITM Process Engineering

Batch Module User Guide

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Publication date: 10/9/2018
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 PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

Contents
Contact Information.................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 1 Overview of the Batch Module .......................................................................... 7
Batch Reactor........................................................................................................................... 7
Batch Distillation ....................................................................................................................... 8
Hardware and Software Requirements ....................................................................................... 9
Glossary of Terms ..................................................................................................................... 9
Disk Space Requirements ....................................................................................................... 9

Chapter 2 Batch Distillation ................................................................................................ 11

Overview ................................................................................................................................ 11
Feeds and Products ................................................................................................................ 12
Initial Pressure Profile ............................................................................................................. 12
Condenser.............................................................................................................................. 13
Liquid Holdup ......................................................................................................................... 14
Global Stop Crit eria ................................................................................................................. 14
Operating Policy ..................................................................................................................... 14
Calculation Options ................................................................................................................. 15
Print Options and Report Definitions ......................................................................................... 15
Thermodynamic Options.......................................................................................................... 16
Reboiler Options ..................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 3 Batch Reactor .................................................................................................... 17

Overview ................................................................................................................................ 17
Feeds and Products ................................................................................................................ 18
Thermodynamic Options.......................................................................................................... 18
Calculation Options ................................................................................................................. 18
Utility Fluids ............................................................................................................................ 18
Global Stop Crit eria ................................................................................................................. 18
Operating Policy ..................................................................................................................... 19
Print Options and Reports........................................................................................................ 19

Chapter 4 Interpreting the Output Reports ...................................................................... 21

Overview ................................................................................................................................ 21
History Section ....................................................................................................................... 21
Unit Operation Section ............................................................................................................ 21

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Contents

Additional Output Options ........................................................................................................ 22

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 PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

C HAPTER 1
Overview of the Batch Module
This chapter introduces the two batch unit operations: Batch Reactor and Batch Distillation. A glossary of
terms is also provided. Batch distillation now is available as a standard P RO/II unit operation. Refer to
Chapter 19.3, "Batch Distillation", in the PRO/ II Key word Manual.

In This Chapter
Batch Reactor ................................................................................................................................ 7
Batch Distillation ............................................................................................................................. 8
Hardware and Software Requirements ............................................................................................. 9
Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................... 9
Disk Space Requirements ............................................................................................................. 9

Batch Reactor
Figure : Schematic of a Batch Reactor

F1
P1

F2 Q
...

P2

Fn

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Overview of the Batch Module

Batch reaction analysis for P RO/II is available as an add -on module to the standard release. The batch
reactor unit operation allows for the calculation of material production as a result of simultaneous and/or
sequential reactions in the liquid contents of a reactor vessel. Phase-equilibrium analysis during the
reaction process allows for the tracking or removal of vapor-phase products at the end of the cycle. The
unit may be run in a true batch simulation mode, with the feeds charged to the reactor vessel at the start
of the cycle and product taken from the vessel at the end of the cycle, or in a semi -batch mode where
feeds may be introduced throughout the cycle. Batch reactor calculations may also be integrated i nto a
steady-state process simulation. The unit configuration automatically considers the presence of holding
tanks for steady-flow streams to provide the time-variant feeds to the batch unit. Implicit holding tanks are
also considered for the product streams to provide a coupling of the time -variant process to the
continuous process simulation environment. A represent ation of the product steady -flow stream comes
from an overall cycle time average of the quantity accumulated into a given product.

Batch Distillation
Figure: Schematic of a Batch Column

This unit operation allows for a wide range of column operating scenarios. The unit may be run in a true
batch simulation mode, with the feedstock charged to the still pot prior to distilling and products taken
from the accumulator at various times, or in a semi-batch mode where feedstock may be introduced
during the distillation process and products may be drawn from the column or accumulator over some
time interval.
Batch distillation calculations may also be integrated into a steady -state process simulation. Holding
tanks are implicit between batch charges and the continuous flowsheet streams that provide the
feedstock for the charges. An average feedstock flow may be calculated from the c harge amount divided
by the batch cycle time, but there will be no reconciliation of this average feedstock flow wit h the rate of
the continuous flowsheet stream. Similarly, there is an implicit holding tank between each batch product
and the corresponding continuous flows heet stream. The rate of each continuous product stream will be
set equal to the product amount divided by the batch cycle time.

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Overview of the Batch Module PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

Hardware and Software Requirements

The Batch module is an add-on to PRO/II, so the standard P RO/II hardware and software requirements
apply. See Chapter 2, Requirements for Installation in the PRO/ II Installation Guide for details.

Glossary of Terms
Accumulator A vessel to hold the liquid product taken from the
condenser but not refluxed back into the column.
Cuts are periodically taken from the
accumulator.

Batch Cycle The series of operations to be repeated for each

batch.

Batch Cycle The time bet ween starts of successive batches.

Time

Column Trays The ideal stages found specifically in the column

portion of the distillation configuration.

Cut A dump of the accumulator contents into a

product tank. More generally, a cut is the part of
the distillation devot ed to producing the cut.

Disk Space Requirements

The Batch Units add-on module requires an additional 1 MB of disk space beyond the requirements for
the standard PRO/II installation.

Heating/Cooling Within the batch reactor, heating and cooling actions are
Actions effectively the same action - an adjustment in the temperature
of the vessel contents. If a utility fluid is to be used for the
action, the fluid type and requested direction of the
temperature change determine the feasibility of the action.
Within the batch distillation unit, heating occurs in the still pot
and cooling in the condenser.

Operating This is the batch recipe: a prescription of what to do when, and

Policy how, during each batch cycle. Specification of the operating
policy is divided into parts called Policy Segments.

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Overview of the Batch Module

Policy Segment A slate of related operating actions or conditions which may

contain:
 Reas ons to start the Policy Segment.
 Pre-operation actions (e.g., charge the vessel, preheat the
reactor).
 The distill or react action.
 Reas ons to stop or pause the distill or react action, or to
stop or pause modifications (e.g., a continuous charge) to
the current distill or react action.
 Post-operation actions (e.g., end a distillation cut,
discharge the reactor vessel).

Stages Refers to the distinct zones in the batch distillation

configuration for which vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations
are performed. Stages include the stillpot, the column trays,
and the condenser. The accumulator is not a stage, but is
merely a collection vessel for the distilled liquid product.

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 PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

C HAPTER 2
Batch Distillation
In This Chapter
Overview...................................................................................................................................... 11
Feeds and Products ...................................................................................................................... 12
Initial Pressure Profile ................................................................................................................... 12
Condenser ................................................................................................................................... 13
Liquid Holdup ............................................................................................................................... 14
Global Stop Crit eria....................................................................................................................... 14
Operating Policy ........................................................................................................................... 14
Calculation Options ....................................................................................................................... 15
Print Options and Report Definitions .............................................................................................. 15
Thermodynamic Options ............................................................................................................... 16
Reboiler Options ........................................................................................................................... 16

Overview
Batch distillation now is available as a standard PRO/ II unit operation. Chapt er 19.3, "Batch Distillation"
in the PRO/II Keyword Manual, is the primary documentation that provides an extended discussion of all
the features offered by this model. Additionally, see Chapter 19.4, "BATCHFRAC Algorithm" (also in the
Keyword Manual) for an alternative unit operation that simulates batch distillation using a rate -based
algorithm.
The main Batch Distillation dialog box is shown in the following figure.
Figure: Batch Distillation Dialog Box

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Batch Distillation

This chapter presents only the briefest overview as a preliminary introduction to this unit operation. The
features introduced here are a very incomplete list of the extensive controls available to the user.
The batch distillation unit simulates a batch rectifier comprising a still pot, column, condenser, and
accumulator. Only vapor-liquid separation may be modeled. The still pot, the column trays, and the
condenser are all theoretical stages. There is no limit to the number of stages that may be considered in
a batch distillation model, although at least two stages must be specified. The stages are considered
linked, with the equilibrium vapor from eac h stage ent ering the next higher stage and the equilibrium
liquid from each stage feeding the next lower stage. The condenser is always designated as stage
number one, and the still pot is always assigned the highest stage number.
The following must be supplied for the batch column:
1. Number of theoretical stages
2. Maximum simulation time: When the calculated time reaches this value, all calculations will stop.
Note this is the simulated distillation time and not the elapsed computer time.

NOTE: If you change the number of stages in the unit, you must redefine all data that refer to specific
stage numbers including pressure or liquid holdup profiles, output reports, and segment start or stop
conditions.

Feeds and Products

Batch column feed and product streams are added as part of the flowsheet const ruction in the process
flow diagram (PFD). Feed streams are used as sources for the batch column charges. There is no limit to
the number of feed streams or charges, but an initial charge must be made to the stillpot before
distillation may be performed. Further charges may be supplied during the operation of the unit. Charges
to the stillpot may be instantaneous or continuous, while charges must be continuous to a column tray. A
charge to the first stage, the condenser or reflux splitter, is not allowed.
The first feed stream is attached to the stillpot. Additional feed streams may be attached to the sides of
the unit (at any point along the sides). Each stream may be used for any number of charges.
Liquid products may be drawn from the accumulat or, from t he stillpot, or from any stage in the column
at any time. Draws from the accumulator or stillpot may be instantaneous or continuous. Continuous
draws can be taken from any location except the accumulator. Cut products, which dump the total
accumulator product into a product stream, can also be defined.
In addition, three special products are pres ent at the end of a simulation. These are:
 The heel, i.e., the liquid in the stillpot and drained from the trays at the end of the distillation;
 The accumulator residue, i.e., the contents of the accumulator and reflux splitter at the end of the
distillation;
 The accumulated overhead vapor from a partial condenser.
The heel and accumulat or residue must be defined as product streams. An overhead product is required
to specify a partial or mixed condenser. Separate streams must be attached to the unit for every draw or
cut product.

Initial Pressure Profile

The pressure must be defined for all stages in a column. The tray pressures are defined in the Batch
Di stillation Pressure Profile dialog box, which is selected by clicking Pressure Profile....
Tray pressures can be supplied via radio buttons in this dialog box on an overall or tray -by-tray basis. For
the overall mode, supply the condenser pressure as well as one of the following:
 Pressure drop per tray (defaults to 0.0 psi).

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Batch Distillation PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

 Column pressure drop (defaults to 0.0 psi).

 Stillpot pressure.

Condenser
The condenser for the batch distillation units is always stage one. It supports VLLE calculations, while all
other stages in the column are restricted to VLE only.

Note: The condenser is always defined as stage one even though it does not function as an e quilibrium
stage for sub-cooled condensers.

The "Calc ulated condenser" drop-down list box in the Batch Distillation Condenser dialog window
controls whether the condenser performs VLE (the default) or VLLE calculations. See "Thermodynamic
Options" for assigning an appropriate thermody namic method set to a VLLE condenser.
All additional condenser configuration is accomplished in the Batch Distillation Condens er dialog box
illustrated in the following figure. Access this dialog by clicking the Condenser button on the batch unit
icon in the Batch Distillation dialog box.
E very condenser type must have a liquid product.The type of condenser is selected with the appropriate
radio button:
 Bubble Temperature.
 Partial.
 Mixed.
 Subcooled, Fixed Temperature.
 Sub-cooled, Fixed Temperature Drop
Figure : Condenser Configuration Dialog

Additionally, the condenser supports a simple heat exchanger model that can be used to model the heat
transfer of the condenser. Click the HX Configuration button in the Condenser dialog opens the dialog
shown in the following figure.

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Batch Distillation

Figure : Condenser Heat Exchanger Dialog

Liquid Holdup
The liquid holdup must be defined for the condenser and for all column trays in the Batch Di stillation
Liquid Holdup dialog box. This dialog box is accessed by clicking Liquid Holdup... in the Batch
Di stillation dialog box. Liquid holdup may be defined overall or separat ely for each column tray.
If the liquid holdup is defined on an overall basis, then both the condens er and the total tray holdup must
be provided. The overall holdup may be provided on a molar, wei ght, or liquid volume basis.
If the holdup is specified by individual stages, then the liquid holdup (on a molar, weight, or liquid volume
basis) must be supplied at least for the condenser and for the tray above the stillpot (stage N-1).

Global Stop Criteria

By default, calculations are stopped when either the mole fraction of the initial charge in the stillpot is 0.10
or the maximum simulation time is reached. The fractional basis can also be weight or liquid volume, and
the fraction can be set to any value bet ween 0 and 1. Additional global stop criteria can also be defined in
the Batch Distillation Global Stop Criteria dialog box. This dialog box is accessed by clicking the Global
Stop Criteria button in the Batch Distillation dialog box .
Additional global stop criteria include maximum or minimum quantities (in the contents of the
accumulator or stillpot), purities (of the accumulator or stillpot contents, or of the vapor entering the
condenser), and temperatures (of t he stillpot contents, or t he vapor ent ering the accumulator). Each stop
criterion can be approac hed from:
 Either direction (the default).
 Above.
 Below.
After one of these criteria is met, all policy segments that are currently run ning are ended. Unless the
condition specifies that another policy segment should then be started, the simulation is ended.

Operating Policy
The backbone of the operating policy is a series of sequential policy segments that run in the ord er in
which they appear in the Overall Operating Policy grid in the Batch Distillation dialog box. The Overall
Operating Policy grid contains the following elements:
 Identifier: The policy segment identifier may be up to 12 characters and must be unique. A default
identifier is supplied (P nnn, where nnn is a number starting from 001).

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Batch Distillation PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

 Initiation Type: Each policy segment must be defined as Sequential or Non-sequential. The main
calculation is a series of sequential segments. Non-sequential segments run in parallel to the
sequential calculation in order to define additional charges, draws, or cont rol actions (with their own
starting and stopping criteria).
 Segments: The policy segment actions are defined by clicking Enter Data..., which accesses the
Batch Distillation P olicy Segment dialog box. Each row of t he Operating Policy represents one policy
segment. The segment may consist of common items such as:
o Charge.
o Distill.
o Run Until.
o End Cut.
o Draw.
o Cont rol.
There may also be items which break or parallel the basic sequential structure, such as:
o Start.
and
o Go To (define the next segment to be run).

Note: The first policy segment must include the initial charge to the stillpot.

Calculation Options
Only one int egration/calculation option is available in this release. Attributes for this option can be
specified in the Batch Distillation Calculation Options dialog box. This dialog box is accessed by clicking
Calculation Options in the Batch Distillation dialog box. The integration met hod is the Semi -Implicit
Trapezoidal.
Integration step sizes and tolerances are specified in this dialog box:
 Tolerance (default 0.001).
 Maximum Step Size (default 0.1 hr).
You can specify the type of liquid-density calculation specified as either Rigorous (the default) or
Shortcut. You can also enter the calculation int erval for the enthalpy balance. For a Shortcut
liquid-density calculation, the default reference temperature is 77°F.

Print Options and Report Definitions

The print and reporting options have been greatly enhanced starting with PRO/ II version 8.0. Click
Print Options... in the Batch Di stillation dialog box to access the Batch Di stillation Print Options
dialog box. You can select or deselect many different types of reports that will be provided in the out put.
For some of thes e, you may be required to modify the stage and component set to be reported.

Note: For reporting purposes only, components are arranged and reported in order of increasing
volatility. This may differ from the order in which the components were entered during construction of the
simulation.

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Batch Distillation

Thermodynamic Options
The batch distillation model simulates VLLE systems only in the condenser. All other trays support only
VLE equilibria, so any VLLE condenser must use a thermodynamic method set different from the other
stages. These method sets are selected by clic king the Thermodynamic Systems button in the Batch
Di stillation dialog box, which displays the Thermodynamic System s dialog box. It is also possible to
define different thermodynamic systems for individual sections of the unit.

Reboiler Options
Batch distillation supports a simple reboiler model. Click the Reboiler button on the batch still icon in the
Batch Distillation dialog box to add a reboiler. Refer to the following figure. When the Reboiler HX
Configuration check box is checked, other fields on the dialog allow users to specify the effective heat
transfer area, the heat transfer coefficient, and the thermodynamic method set.

Figure: Reboiler Configuration Dialog

NOTE: Only VLE thermody namic method sets are supported by the reboiler.

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 PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

C HAPTER 3
Batch Reactor
In This Chapter
Overview...................................................................................................................................... 17
Feeds and Products ...................................................................................................................... 18
Thermodynamic Options ............................................................................................................... 18
Calculation Options ....................................................................................................................... 18
Utility Fluids.................................................................................................................................. 18
Global Stop Crit eria....................................................................................................................... 18
Operating Policy ........................................................................................................................... 19
Print Options and Reports ............................................................................................................. 19

Overview
The Batch Reactor unit operation simulates the operation of a batch or semi-batch reactor by solving the
transient heat and material balances based on supplied reaction stoichiometry and kinetic data. The
batch cycle ends when the last of its policy segments ends, when no policy segment is active, when a
discharge action is initiated, or when a global end condition is met. This global end condition overrides
any ending conditions set up by the policy actions.
The reaction stoichiometry must be defined in the Reaction Data Sets dialog box before the reactor
performance can be specified. S ee Chapter 8, Using PRO/ II Data Ent ry Windows (Reaction Data), of the
PRO/II User’s Guide for information on specifying reaction sets. Kinetic data may be entered in the
Reaction Dat a Sets dialog box or in the Batch Reactor dialog box itself.
Figure: Batch Reactor Dialog Box

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Batch Reactor

NOTE: A ny data ent ered in the Reaction Data Sets dialog box will be passed to the Batch Reactor and
used as default values. Reaction data entered in the Batch Reactor overrides data entered in the
reaction set for that unit only.

Currently, the Batch Reactor supports only liquid -phase reactions. A reaction may produce one or more
vapor constituents. Whether the vapor constituent(s ) will return to the liquid phase and again be available
for reaction(s) will be determined by equilibrium analysis done at the end of each time step.
The following must be also be supplied for the Batch Reactor:
 Reaction set.
 Maximum batch time.
When the batch cycle time reaches this value, all calculations stop. Note that this is the simulated
reaction time from the start of the batch cycle of this unit, not the elapsed computer time.

Feeds and Products

Feed and product streams are added as part of the PFD flowsheet construction. At least one feed and
one product stream are required for the Batch Reactor. The interface between this transient unit
operation and the main steady-state flowsheet is handled through a holding tank concept. Each feed
stream goes to a holding tank, and the associated charge comes from that holding tank. The bulk
product goes into holding tanks. When the batch cycle has completed, equilibrium calculations are
carried out on the contents of the product holding tank.
Product phases are specified by clicking Product Pha se s... in the Batch Reactor dialog box.

Thermodynamic Options
The thermodynamic system for the unit is selected by using the Thermodynamic System drop-down list
in the Batch Reactor dialog box. Batch Reactor allows the use of electrolyte thermody namic methods.

Calculation Options
Only one integration/calculation option is available in t his release. Tolerance for this option and tolerance
for equilibrium calculations can be specified in the Batch Reactor Calculation Options dialog box. This
dialog box is accessed by clicking Calculation Options in the Batch Reactor dialog box.
The calculation method used is LSODA (Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations, Variation
A). By default, the LSODA tolerance is 0.001.
If equilibrium calculation tolerances are specified, these calculations are done only if the change in
temperature, pressure, or concentration between successive time steps is greater than the specified
tolerance. It is recommended that these tolerances be used if the problem uses electrolyte
thermodynamics. By default, equilibrium calculations are done at each time step.

Utility Fluids
To define utility fluids for heating or cooling the batch reactor during any of the policy segments, click
Utility Fluids. You may define as many utilities as you need in the Batch Reactor Utility Fluids dialog
box. The utilities are allocated to reactor heating or cooling actions in the Policy Segment Heat and
Policy Segment Cool dialog boxes.

Global Stop Criteria

The maximum and minimum operating temperatures of the reactor are defined by clicking Global Stop
in the Batch Reactor dialog box. When either is violated, the calculation of all policy segments stops.

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Batch Reactor PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

Operating Policy
To define one or more operating policy segments for the unit, use t he Operating Policy grid in the B atch
Reactor dialog box. Each row in this grid represents one policy segment. The policy segment may
consist of several actions, such as:
 React Until.
 Charge.
 Discharge.
 Heat.
 Cool.
The starting condition for each policy segment must be defined, i.e.:
 Time.
 Temperat ure.
 Fraction (of component (s)).
 Percent (of component(s )).
 Amount (of component(s ))

NOTE: At least one policy statement must be defined for the Batch Reactor.

The Operating Policy grid contains the following elements:

 Identifier: The policy segment identifier may be up to 12 characters long and must be unique. A
default identifier is supplied (Pnnn, where nnn is a number starting from 001).
 Policy Segments: The policy segment actions are defined by clicking Enter Data..., which
accesses the Batch Reactor Policy Segment dialog box.

Print Options and Reports

To specify output reports to be generat ed during the calculation, click Print Options... in the Batch
Reactor dialog box. As the calculation is transient, data cannot be stored for every possible time during
the calculation. Therefore, reports must be specified before the simulation is run to save the necessary
data.

Note: For reporting purposes only, components are arranged and reported in order of increasing
volatility. This may differ from the order in which the components were entered during construction of the
simulation.

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 PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide

C HAPTER 4
Interpreting the Output Reports
In This Chapter
Overview...................................................................................................................................... 21
History Section ............................................................................................................................. 21
Unit Operation Section .................................................................................................................. 21
Additional Output Options .............................................................................................................. 22

Overview
To view results of the batch unit simulations, select Generate Text Report from the Output menu.

NOTE: You can also click the Generate Text Report button on the tool bar to generate the output report.

This action produces an ASCII output report as part of the results file for the entire simulation.
Calculation information specific to the batch units appears in two sections of this output report:
 The History section includes reports generated during flowsheet convergence.
 The Out put section reports the final results for each individual unit operation.

Note: For reporting purposes only, components are arranged and reported in order of increasing
volatility. This may differ from the order in which the components were entered during construction of the
simulation.

History Section
The history segment information typically gives information about the initiation of a given policy segment
and, if applicable to the particular policy segment, some information about the time integration
operations. This information is also displayed in a Me ssage s dialog box while the simulation is running
and help det ermine whether the time integrations are going astray or whether the integration appears to
be proceeding well.

Unit Operation Section

The output of greatest interest to the user is provided in the unit operation output section. For each batch
unit, output is given for:
 The steady-state feeds and products associated with the batch unit.
 The charge of the batch unit from a specified FEED stream used as a feedstock source for the batch
unit.
 Production detail and how a batch product stream is associated back to a simulation flowsheet,
steady-state product stream.
 Specifications on the unit (e.g., number of stages in the distillation configuration).
 Operating Policy definition through the Policy Segment specifications.
 General operation stopping criteria.

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PRO/IITM Process Engineering Batch Module User Guide Interpreting the Output Reports

Additional Output Options

The level of output described above simply defines the problem that was solved. Additional output is
specified by the user and is in the form of operational and conditional information at time steps
throughout the batch cycle analysis.
By default, time detail information is stored for output at the start of each policy segment. Further
specification is possible. In the batch distillation unit, you may request output of specific properties as a
function of time (and given for each stage unless a restriction is placed on which stages to include in the
output ), or you may request summary snapshots in time of the conditions for the entire column. For both
the batch reactor and batch distillation units, a finer detail in time for the output may be requested and a
restriction placed on which components to consider in the out put. In this manner, you may generate
detailed information during a specific time period in which there are rapid changes in composition or
operating conditions (e.g., in a batch distillation when a light -end component is finally depleted from the
column and a sharp change in temperature is neede d to maintain an overhead vapor flowrate, or in a
batch reactor when production of a given chemical species reaches a critical concentration such that the
kinetics trigger a shift in overall reactant utilization).
In the batch distillation unit, all summary snapshot time information is generated in an increasing time
sequence, even if defined for output on different print requests). The time profile out put follows, but
retains the grouping as possibly defined in the different print requests.

NOTE: Because of the amount of calculation information that can be generated, you should ex ercise
caution in selecting the level of calculation output.

The default information generat ed is, by design, minimal in order to allow a quick overview of how t he unit
performed in the given simulation. As the performance is analyzed, you may need to examine a
particular property more closely during a time segment to ensure proper unit operation. The additional
output generation print options are designed for this purpose.

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