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    Chemical Equilibrium - 2023 Summary

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    Chemical Equilibrium - 2023 Summary

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    Chemical equilibrium - 2023 summary

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    6 views3 pages

    Chemical Equilibrium - 2023 Summary

    Uploaded by

    ntokozoreasons
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Question 6 – Chemical equilibrium

    Definition of terms – open and closed system, reversible reaction, irreversible


    reaction, chemical equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle

    • Factors that influence the equilibrium position


    o Pressure (gases only)
    o Concentration (aqueous solutions)
    o Temperature

    • Use Le Chatelier's principle to explain changes in equilibrium position.

    A(g) + B (g) C(g) ΔH < 0

    o Increasing temperature favour the endothermic reaction

     Disturbance: Increasing temperature

     System: According to Le Chateliers principle when the


    temperature is increased. The system will oppose the change by
    favouring the reaction that decreases the temperature. The
    endothermic reaction is favoured.

     Result: The forward reaction is exothermic. The reverse reaction


    which is endothermic will be favoured. The concentration of the
    reactants A and B will increase, and the concentration of
    products will decrease

    o Increasing pressure favours the reaction that produces fewer moles

     Disturbance: Increasing pressure

     System: According to Le Chateliers principle when the pressure


    is increased. The system will oppose the change by favouring
    the reaction that decreases the pressure. The system favours the
    reaction that produces fewer moles.

     Result: The forward reaction is favoured. The concentration of


    the reactants will decrease, and the concentration of products
    will increase.

    o Increasing concentration favours the reaction that uses what is added

     Disturbance: adding the C

     System: According to Le Chateliers principle when the


    concentration of C is increased. The system will oppose the
    change by favouring the reaction that use C.
     Result: The reverse reaction is favoured. The concentration of
    the reactants will increase, and the concentration of products
    will decrease


    • Equilibrium constant
    o Temperature is the only factors affecting equilibrium constant
    o Write down an expression for the equilibrium constant, having been
    given the equation for the reaction.

    [𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝]
    𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐 =
    [𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟]

    o Perform calculations based on Kc values.

    • The effect of a change in temperature on Kc


    Kc for a specific reaction is constant at a specific temperature.
    If the change in the temperature of a closed equilibrium system:

    favours the forward reaction:


    • more products formed
    • [products] increases.
    • [reactants] decreases and
    • Kc increases

    favours the reverse reaction:


    • more reactants formed.
    • [products] decreases.
    • [reactants] increases and
    • Kc decreases

    o significance of high and low values of the equilibrium constant

     if Kc > 1, at equilibrium there are more products present than


    reactants
     if Kc < 1, at equilibrium there are more reactants present than
    products
     if Kc = 1, at equilibrium products present are equal reactants
    Graphs
    Interpret graphs of equilibrium, e.g., concentration/rate/ number of moles / mass / volume versus time

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