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Module2 - OOP

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14 views

Module2 - OOP

Uploaded by

ayomikun569
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I

Object Oriented Programming Concepts

COURSE CODE:
(COS201)

COURSE LECTURERS

1 Dr. Olaniyan Deborah


2 Dr. Julius Olaniyan

First Semester
2024/2025 Session
OUTLINE
 Object-Oriented Programming Concepts:

 Classes
 Objects
 Methods
 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism

 Second Assignment
2
OOP CONCEPTS
 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a
programming paradigm that organizes software
design around objects rather than functions and
logic.
 An object can be defined as a collection of data
(attributes or properties) and methods (functions or
behaviors) that act on the data.
 In OOP, the focus is on creating reusable objects that
interact with each other to solve problems.
 This approach models real-world entities as software
objects with characteristics (data) and capabilities
(methods). 3
KEY CONCEPTS OF OOP
 Classes: Blueprints or templates for creating objects. They define the properties (attributes) and

methods (behaviors) that the objects will have.

 Objects: Instances of classes that contain real data and can perform actions using the methods

defined in the class.

 Encapsulation: The bundling of data and methods into a single unit (class), restricting direct

access to some of an object's components and providing controlled access through methods.

 Inheritance: A mechanism where one class can inherit attributes and methods from another

class, promoting code reuse and hierarchical relationships.

 Polymorphism: The ability to process objects differently based on their data type or class. It

allows one interface to be used for different data types.

 Abstraction: Hiding the complexity of the system and exposing only the essential features, 4
simplifying the interaction between objects.
ADVANTAGES OF OOP
 Modularity:
 Code is organized into classes and objects, making it easier to manage,
modify, and debug.
 Reusability:
 Through inheritance, code can be reused, reducing redundancy.
 Flexibility:
 Polymorphism and encapsulation enable flexible and maintainable code
that adapts easily to changes.
 Scalability:
 OOP makes it easier to manage larger, more complex software systems by
breaking them into smaller, manageable components.
5
KEY CONCEPTS OF OOP
 A class is a blueprint or template for creating
objects.

 It defines the properties (attributes/states) and


behaviors (methods) that an object can have.

 A class encapsulates data for the object and


methods to manipulate that data.
6
KEY CONCEPTS OF OOP
A method is a function defined within a
class.

 It
describes the behavior of objects
created from the class.

 Methods can accept parameters, return 7

values, and perform actions.


KEY CONCEPTS OF OOP
 Encapsulation is the concept of wrapping data
(variables) and code (methods) into a single unit, i.e.,
the class.
 Encapsulation also involves restricting direct access to
some of an object's components and only exposing
necessary details.

8
KEY CONCEPTS OF OOP
 Inheritance is a mechanism that allows a new class
to inherit the properties and behaviors of an existing
class.

 The new class is called the subclass or child class,


and the existing class is called the superclass or
parent class.

9
POLYMORPHISM
 Polymorphism means "many forms.“ It allows one interface to
be used for different types (objects). It is mainly achieved through
method overriding and method overloading.

 Method Overriding: When a subclass provides a specific


implementation of a method that is already defined in its
superclass.

 Method Overloading: Methods in the same class have the same


name but different parameters.
10
ABSTRACTION
 Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex implementation details
and exposing only the essential features of an object.

 In OOP, abstraction allows programmers to focus on what an object does


rather than how it does it.

 Abstract classes and interfaces are used to achieve abstraction.

 Abstract classes provide a way to define the structure of an object


without implementing every detail, while interfaces allow different
classes to share common behavior without necessarily sharing an
inheritance relationship. 11
CONCLUSION
 This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming:
 Classes define blueprints for objects.
 Objects are instances of classes.
 Methods define behaviors of objects.
 Encapsulation restricts access to data and provides controlled access via
methods.
 Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another
class.
 Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class,
with behaviors specific to their actual type.
 Abstraction hides implementation details and exposes only essential features.
Can be achieved using abstract classes or interfaces.
12
Assignment

Sample Questions:
1. What is the purpose of encapsulation in OOP?

2. Explain the difference between method overriding and method


overloading.

3. How does inheritance promote code reusability in object-


oriented programming?

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