Tanatswa Muvirimi Sdlseb101 Assignment

Name : Muvirimi E.
Tanatswa
Registration number : R2421742
Program : Civil and Construction Engineering(HENCENG)
Module : SDLSEB101
Lecturer : Fungai Alice Paradza
Assignment Question:
Using Astin’s Theory of Involvement, discuss how student involvement in different

institutional activities would impact them in their physical, social, intellectual and
spiritual development.
Astin's Theory of Involvement declares that student engagement in institutional activities
significantly influences their development across various aspects: physical, social,
intellectual, and spiritual. Physical involvement in sports and recreational activities promotes
well-being and enhances academic performance. Social engagement through clubs and
community service fosters interpersonal skills and a sense of belonging. Intellectually,
participation in academic groups encourages critical thinking and a passion for learning.
Lastly, spiritual development is nurtured through faith-based activities and reflective
practices, helping students explore their values and purpose. This essay is on the emphasis of
Austin's Theory that participation is essential for holistic student development, preparing
them for success beyond academia.
Astin's Theory of Involvement states that participation in sports and recreational activities
promotes physical health, well-being, and stress relief, contributing to better academic
performance. According to D Hu (2021) evidence show that increase in physical fitness and
physical activities may improve academic performance and that time in the school day recess
and physical activity in the classroom may also facilitate academic performance. Studies
suggest that mathematics and reading are academic topics that are most influenced by
physical activities. Being involved in fitness programs and health education leads to lifelong
healthy habits in students. (Kwan, M. Y. W., and Faulkner, G. E. J. 2021)
In contrast being involved in sports and physical activities can also increase the risk of
injuries which affects students’ physical health. (McKay, C. D., and Goldsmith, C. H. 2020).
Hodge ,K., and Lonsdale, C. (2019), argue that too much focus on physical involvement may
lead to some students neglecting other important areas of development such as academics or
social relationships.
Astin’s Theory of involvement suggests that the degree of student involvement in various
activities also influences their social development in terms of building relationships,
enhancing interpersonal skills, cultural competencies, support networks, and leadership
opportunities. Social development refers to the process by which a child learns to interact
with others around them. According to MA Ananda (2023) student’s obtain social abilities
through various experiences in interacting with people in their environment. Social
development develops the ability to understand other people as unique individuals, including
personal traits, interests, values and feelings.
In contrast, Ravi Kishan (2023), argues that social development may lead to negative
outcomes for individuals and society. Negative dimensions of social development include
aggressive and antisocial behaviours. When aggressive and antisocial behaviours are repeated
over a long time they can result in poor academic and vocational outcomes, substance abuse,
and mental health problems.
Astin’s Theory of involvement emphasizes that student engagement is essential for
intellectual development. Intellectual development enables critical thinking allowing students
to analyze information effectively. (Bridgeman, 2020). According to Hattie, (2021) active
involvement in learning correlates with improved academic outcomes.
In contrast according to Durlak et al., (2021) students who are more focused on intellectual
pursuits may neglect social interactions, leading to feelings of isolation and impacting
emotional well-being. A strong focus on grades can remove the joy of learning as students
will prioritise performance over understanding (Pope,2021). According to American
Psychological Association, (2020), students can experience increased stress and anxiety due
to the pressure to excel academically.
Astin’s Theory of involvement emphasizes that student engagement is essential in spiritual
growth through participation in religious organizations, spiritual retreats, or community
service. According to Aggarwal, S., Wright, J., Morgan, A. et al (2023) psychological well-
being can be enhanced through engaging in spiritual practices as they foster a sense of
purpose and meaning in life, which is crucial in mental health. Spiritual development leads to
improved coping mechanisms, increased prosocial behaviour and also stronger social
connections.
Astin’s Theory of involvement in conclusion highlights the significance of engaging
educational environments that encourage active participation, thereby preparing students for
future challenges with the experience gained.
REFERENCES
 Aggarwal, S., Wright, J., Morgan, A. et al. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 23, 729 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2
 Bridgeman, B. (2020). The role of critical thinking in the development of intellectual
skills. Journal of Educational Psychology.
 Durlak, J. A., et al. (2021). The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional
learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development.
 Hattie, J. (2021). Visible Learning: Feedback.
 Kwan, M. Y. W., & Faulkner, G. E. J. (2021). The influence of physical activity on
academic performance in children and youth: A systematic review. Sports Medicine,
51(8), 1537-1562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01401-x

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Name : Muvirimi E.

Registration number : R2421742

Program : Civil and Construction Engineering(HENCENG)

Lecturer : Fungai Alice Paradza

Using Astin’s Theory of Involvement, discuss how student involvement in different

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