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    Osamu Shimomura

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    Osamu Shimomura

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    Osamu Shimomura

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    Osamu Shimomura

    Osamu Shimomura ( 下 村 脩 , Shimomura Osamu,


    August 27, 1928 – October 19, 2018[1]) was a Japanese Osamu Shimomura
    organic chemist and marine biologist, and professor 下村 脩
    emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in
    Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University
    School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize
    in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and
    development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with
    two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia
    University and Roger Tsien of the University of
    California-San Diego.[2]

    Biography
    Born in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto in 1928, Shimomura was
    brought up in Manchukuo (Manchuria, China) and
    Shimomura in 2008
    Osaka, Japan while his father served as an officer in
    the Imperial Japanese Army. Later, his family moved Born August 27, 1928
    Fukuchiyama, Empire of Japan
    to Isahaya, Nagasaki,[3] 25 km from the epicenter of
    the August 1945 atomic bombing of the city. He Died October 19, 2018 (aged 90)
    recalled hearing, as a 16-year-old boy, the bomber Nagasaki, Japan
    plane Bockscar before the atom bomb exploded.[4] The Nationality Japanese
    explosion flash blinded Shimomura for about thirty Alma mater Nagasaki University
    seconds, and he was later drenched by the "black rain" Nagoya University
    bomb fallout.[5] He overcame great odds in the
    Awards Asahi Prize (2006)
    following 11 years to earn an education and achieve
    Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2008)
    academic success.[3]
    Golden Goose Award (2012)
    Shimomura's education opportunities were starkly Scientific career
    limited in devastated, post-war Japan. Although he Fields Organic chemistry
    later recalled having no interest in the subject,[4] he
    Institutions Princeton University
    enrolled in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of
    Boston University School of
    Nagasaki Medical College (now Nagasaki University
    Medicine
    School of Pharmaceutical Sciences).[6] The Medical
    Marine Biological Laboratory
    College campus had been entirely destroyed by the
    Thesis 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 (ht
    atomic bomb blast, forcing the pharmacy school to
    tps://m-opac.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/
    relocate to a temporary campus near Shimomura's
    webopac/TW50102921) (1960)
    home. This proximity was the fortuitous reason he
    embarked upon the studies and career which would Doctoral Yoshimasa Hirata
    advisor
    ultimately lead to unanticipated rewards.[4] Shimomura was
    awarded a BS degree in pharmacy in 1951, and he stayed on as a
    lab assistant through 1955.[4]

    Shimomura's mentor at Nagasaki helped him find employment as


    an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at Nagoya University in
    1956.[6] While working for Professor Hirata, he received a MS
    degree in organic chemistry in 1958 and, before leaving Japan for
    an appointment at Princeton University, a Ph.D. in organic Paul Krugman, Roger Tsien, Martin
    chemistry in 1960 at Nagoya University.[7][8] At Nagoya, Hirata Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, Makoto
    Kobayashi and Toshihide
    assigned Shimomura the challenging task of determining what
    Masukawa, Nobel Prize Laureates
    made the crushed remains of a type of crustacean (Jp. umi-hotaru,
    2008, at a press conference at the
    lit. "sea-firefly", Vargula hilgendorfii) glow when moistened with Swedish Academy of Science in
    water. This assignment led Shimomura to the successful Stockholm.
    identification of the protein causing the phenomenon, and he
    published the preliminary findings in the Bulletin of the Chemical
    Society of Japan in a paper titled "Crystalline Cypridina luciferin." The article caught the attention of
    Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University, and Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work
    with him in 1960.

    Studies
    Shimomura worked in the department of biology at Princeton for Professor Johnson to study the
    bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which they collected during many summers at the Friday
    Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington.[9] In 1962, their work culminated in the discovery
    of the proteins aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in A. victoria;[10] for this work, he was
    awarded a third of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008.

    Family
    His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at Nagasaki University, is also an organic chemist and was a
    partner in his research activities. Their son, Tsutomu Shimomura, is a computer security expert who was
    involved in the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is director of Undergraduate
    Studies for the English Department at Virginia Commonwealth University and the author of Odd Bodies
    and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature.

    Death
    Shimomura died on October 19, 2018, of cancer in Nagasaki.

    Recognition
    2004 – Pearse Prize, Royal Microscopical Society[11]
    2005 – Emile Chamot Award[12]
    2006 – Asahi Prize
    2008 – Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    2008 – Order of Culture[13]
    2008 – Person of Cultural Merit
    2012 – Golden Goose Award[14]
    2013 – Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences
    2018 – Junior third rank (posthumous)

    Selected publications
    Books

    Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods (Revised ed.). World Scientific


    Publishing Company. 2012. ISBN 978-981-4366-08-3.[15]
    クラゲに学ぶ : ノーベル賞への道 [Learning from Jellyfish: The Path to the Nobel Prize] (in
    Japanese). Nagasaki Literature. 2010. ISBN 978-4-88851-157-5.
    Papers

    Yasanuga, Shungo; Shimomura, Osamu (July 1954). 無機クロマトグラフィーに関する研究


    (第6報):滬紙通電クロマトグラフィーの装置について (https://doi.org/10.1248%2Fyakushi19
    47.74.7_778) [Studies on Inorganic Chromatography (Part 6): Apparatus for
    Electrochromatography on Paper]. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 74 (7):
    778–780. doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.74.7_778 (https://doi.org/10.1248%2Fyakushi1947.74.7
    _778). ISSN 0031-6903 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-6903).
    口紙電気泳動に関する研究 (第3報) 難溶性塩および錯イオンの生成時における濃度-泳動度
    曲線について (https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.973) [Study on Oral
    Electrophoresis (Part 3) Concentration-Magnetic Mobility Curves in Formation of Poorly
    Soluble Salts and Complex Ions]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 76 (9): 973–977. 1955.
    doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.973 (https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.973).
    ISSN 0369-5387 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0369-5387).
    アニリン誘導体およびフェエノール誘導体のロ紙電気泳動について (https://doi.org/10.124
    6%2Fnikkashi1948.76.277) [Study on Oral Electrophoresis of Aniline Derivatives and
    Phenol Derivatives]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 76 (3): 277–281. 1955.
    doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.277 (https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.76.277).
    Hirata, Yoshimasa; Eguchi, Shoji; Shimomura, Osamu (October 17, 1959). 海ホタルルシフ
    ェリンの構造 [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin]. Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural
    Organic Compounds. 3: 83–93. doi:10.24496/tennenyuki.3.0_83 (https://doi.org/10.24496%
    2Ftennenyuki.3.0_83).
    海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第2報)海ホタルルシフェリンの性質および分子式
    について (https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.179) [Structure of Sea Firefly
    Luciferin (Part 2–3) (Part 2) Properties and Molecular Formula of Sea Firefly Luciferin].
    Chemical Journal of Japan. 81 (1): 179–182. 1960. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.179 (http
    s://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.81.179).
    海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第3報)海ホタルルシフェリンおよびヒドロルシフ
    ェリンの推定構造 [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin (Parts 2–3) (Part 3) Predicted
    Structures of Sea Firefly Luciferin and Hydroluciferin]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 81 (1):
    182–185. 1960. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.182 (https://doi.org/10.1246%2Fnikkashi1948.
    81.182).
    緑色蛍光たんぱく質GFPは天の恵みか? [Is green fluorescent protein GFP a godsend?].
    Acta anatomica Nipponica. 85 (3). September 1, 2010. 99-106.

    See also
    Japan portal

    Biography portal

    Chemistry portal

    List of Japanese Nobel laureates


    Kamo Aquarium

    References
    1. Chang, Kenneth (24 October 2018). "Osamu Shimomura, 90, Dies; Won Nobel for Finding a
    Glowing Protein" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/24/obituaries/osamu-shimomura-dead.
    html). The New York Times.
    2. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008" (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureate
    s/2008/press.html). The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
    3. "Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence" (http://www.hup.harvard.
    edu/catalog/PIEAGL.html). Harvard University Press. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
    4. Nobelprize.org: Nobel laureate lecture. (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureat
    es/2008/shimomura-lecture.html) December 8, 2008.
    5. "Osamu Shimomura The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Interview" (http://nobelprize.org/nob
    el_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/shimomura-telephone.html). The Official Web Site of the
    Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
    6. "Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize" (http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_n
    ews/2008/10/woods_hole_cell.html). boston.com. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
    7. "Former Associate Professor Osamu Shimomura Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry" (http://
    www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/index1_081008nobel.html). Nagoya university. Retrieved
    2008-12-05.
    8. "下村脩先生が2008年ノーベル化学賞をご受賞" (https://web.archive.org/web/200812192312
    39/http://www2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~common/005Overview/nobel2008.phtml). Nagoya
    University. Archived from the original (http://www2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/%7Ecommon/005O
    verview/nobel2008.phtml) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
    9. "Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here" (http://www.princeton.
    edu/main/news/archive/S22/34/86O07/index.xml?section=topstories). princeton.edu.
    Retrieved 2017-11-28.
    10. "GFP History" (http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/shimomura.html). Marc
    Zimmer. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
    11. "About the Pearse Prize" (http://www.rms.org.uk/discover-engage/competitions-awards/the-
    pearse-prize.html). Royal Microscopical Society. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
    12. "Emile Chamot Award Recipient" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081210191353/http://www.
    smsi.org/awards2005.shtml). State Microscopical Society of Illinois. Archived from the
    original (http://www.smsi.org/awards2005.shtml) on 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
    13. "Donald Keene, 7 others win Order of Culture," (http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/200810
    29TDY01304.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081030050218/http://www.yomi
    uri.co.jp/dy/national/20081029TDY01304.htm) 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine Yomiuri
    Shimbun. October 29, 2008.
    14. "Green Fluorescent Protein" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150909231925/http://www.gold
    engooseaward.org/awardees/200352el6rpcnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu). The Golden Goose
    Award. Archived from the original (http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/200352el6rp
    cnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu) on 2015-09-09. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
    15. "Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles and Methods" (https://web.archive.org/web/2012071
    0234347/http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/8239.html). World Scientific. Archived from
    the original (http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/8239.html) on 2012-07-10. Retrieved
    2017-11-28.

    Sources
    Osamu Shimomura (https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/829) on Nobelprize.org including
    the Nobel lecture Discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP

    External links

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&oldid=1245235012"

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