Who Governs The Internet
Who Governs The Internet
Who Governs The Internet
,16,*+72162&,(7<
*29(510(175(*8/$7,21$1' 6859(,//
$1&(2)7+(,17(51(7
,QWKHHDUO\\HDUVRIWKH,QWHUQHWDQG LQIRUPDWLRQ7KHODZUHTXLUHVWKDWGDWDUHODWLQJ
WKH:HEPDQ\SHRSOHDVVXPHGWKDW WR&KLQHVHFLWL]HQVPXVWEHVWRUHGRQ&KLQHVH
EHFDXVHWKH,QWHUQHWLVVRZLGHO\GLV VHUYHUVDQGWKDWILUPVPXVWVXEPLWWRDVHFXULW\
SHUVHGLWZRXOGEHLPSRVVLEOHWRFRQWURO UHYLHZEHIRUHPRYLQJGDWDRXWRI&KLQD2WKHUOHJ
RUPRQLWRU%XWWKHUHDOLW\LVTXLWHGLIIHUHQW LVODWLRQSURYLGHVWKDWZHEXVHUVPD\EHMDLOHGIRU
$OOJRYHUQPHQWVDVVHUWVRPHNLQGRIFRQWURODQG XSWRWKUHH\HDUVLIWKH\SRVWGHIDPDWRU\UXPRUV
VXUYHLOODQFHRYHU,QWHUQHWFRQWHQWDQGPHVVDJHV WKDWDUHUHDGE\PRUHWKDQSSHRSOH&KLQD
DQGLQPDQ\QDWLRQVWKLVFRQWURODQGVXUYHLOODQFH KDVDOVRLVVXHGUXOHVWRUHVWULFWWKHGLVVHPLQD
LVYHU\H[WHQVLYH WLRQRISROLWLFDOQHZVDQGRSLQLRQVRQPHVVDJ
:KLOHWKH,QWHUQHWLVDGHFHQWUDOL]HGQHWZRUN LQJDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV:H&KDWDQGQRZXVHV
,QWHUQHW WUDIIL UXQV WKURXJKILEHURSWLF WUXQN LPDJHILOWHULQJWHFKQRORJ\WKDWHQDEOHVLWWRHUDVH
OLQHVWKDWDUHFRQWUROOHGE\QDWLRQDODXWKRULWLHV LPDJHVVHQWRQWKRVHDSSVLQPLGWUDQVPLVVLRQ
RUSULYDWHILUPV,Q&KLQDIRULQVWDQFHWKHUHDUH EHIRUHWKH\DUHHYHUUHFHLYHG8VHUVDUHUHTXLUHG
WKUHHVXFKOLQHVDQG&KLQDUHTXLUHVWKHFRP WRSRVWSROLWLFDORSLQLRQVDQGQHZVRQO\WRVWDWH
SDQLHVWKDWRZQWKHPWRFRQILJXUHWKHLUURXWHUV DXWKRUL]HGPHGLDRXWOHWVDQGDUHUHTXLUHGWRXVH
IRUERWKLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOVHUYLFHUHTXHVWV WKHLU RZQQDPHVZKHQ HVWDEOLVKLQJ DFFRXQWV
:KHQ D UHTXHVW RULJLQDWHVLQ&KLQDIRU DZHE &KLQDKDVDOVRRIRUPHGDJUHHPHQWVZLWKFRXQWULHV
SDJHLQ&KLFDJR&KLQHVHURXWHUVH[DPLQHWKH VXFKDV7DQ]DQLD1LJHULD7KDLODQG6UL/DQND
UHTXHVW WRVHHLI WKH VLWHLV RQDEODFNOLVW DQG DQG(WKLRSLDWRSURYLGHVXUYHLOODQFHDQGFRQWHQW
WKHQH[DPLQHZRUGVLQWKHUHTXHVWHGZHESDJHWR FHQVRUVKLSWHFKQRORJ\DORQJZLWKWHFKVXSSRUWLQ
VHHLILWFRQWDLQVEODFNOLVWHGWHUPV7KHV\VWHPLV H[FKDQJHIRUSROLWLFDOLQIOXHQFH
RIWHQUHIHUUHGWRDV7KH*UHDW)LUHZDOORI&KLQD ,Q &KLQD EORFNHG WKH PHVVDJLQJ
EXWE\&KLQDDVWKH*ROGHQ6KLHOGDQGZDV VHUYLFH:KDWV$SSZKLFKKDGDSSHDOHGWRPDQ\
LPSOHPHQWHGZLWK WKHDVVLVWDQFHRIDQXPEHU &KLQHVHFLWL]HQVEHFDXVHRILWVUREXVWPHVVDJH
RI86WHFKQRORJ\ILUPVVXFKDV&LVFR6\VWHPV HQFU\SWLRQDQGVXEVHTXHQWDELOLW\WRHYDGHWKH
WKHODUJHVWPDQXIDFWXUHURIURXWHUVLQWKHZRUOG JRYHUQPHQWVFRQWHQWFHQVRUVKLSWHFKQLTXHV
-XQLSHU1HWZRUNVDQG%OXH&RDWZKLFKSURYLGHV &KLQDSUHVVXUHG$SSOHWRUHPRYH:KDWV$SSDQG
GHHSSDFNHWLQVSHFWLRQVRIWZDUHDPRQJRWKHUV VLPLODUVHUYLFHVVXFKDV6N\SHDVZHOODVPDQ\
2YHU WKH SDVW VHYHUDO \HDUV &KLQD KDV SRSXODUYLUWXDOSULYDWHQHWZRUN931DSSVWKDW
VWUHQJWKHQHG DQG H[WHQGHG LWV UHJXODWLRQ RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\PLOOLRQ&KLQHVHFLWL]HQVXVHG
WKH,QWHUQHW,Q&KLQDFUHDWHGDQHZJRY WRFLUFXPYHQWWKHILUHZDOOIURPLWV$SS6WRUH,Q
HUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQWRGUDIWF\EHUSROLF\DQG SDVW\HDUVWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDGWXUQHGDEOLQG
SDVVHGDFRPSUHKHQVLYHODZJRYHUQLQJF\EHU H\H WR VHUYLFHV OLNH :KDWV$SS DQG 931V DV
VHFXULW\7KHSXUSRUWHGPDMRUJRDOVRIWKHQHZ WKH\SXUVXHGHFRQRPLFJURZWKEXW&KLQDKDV
SROLF\DUH WRGHIHQGDJDLQVWF\EHUDWWDFNVDQG QRZVKLIWHGLWVIRFXV WRFRQVROLGDWLQJ WHFKQR
SURWHFWLWVFLWL]HQVGDWDWRVKLIWDZD\IURPIRUHLJQ ORJLFDODQGVRFLDOFRQWURORIWKH,QWHUQHWZLWKLQ
WHFKQRORJ\WRZDUGVGRPHVWLFDOWHUQDWLYHVDQG WKHLUERUGHUV&KLQDDOVRRDVNHG*RRJOHWRWDNH
WR H[SDQG WKH JRYHUQPHQWV DELOLW\ WR FRQWURO GRZQ WKRXVDQGVRILWHPVWKDWLWFKDUDFWHUL]HG
FRQWLQXHG
Machine Translated by Google
FLWL]HQVLVFRQVLGHUHGE\VHFXULW\H[SHUWVWREH EDQQHGWKHSRSXODUPHVVDJLQJVHUYLFH7HOHJUDP
RQHRI WKHZRUOGVPRVWVRSKLVWLFDWHGPHFKD ZKHQWKHFRPSDQ\UHIXVHGWRJLYHWKHJRYHUQ
QLVPVIRUFRQWUROOLQJDQGFHQVRULQJWKH,QWHUQHW PHQWDFFHVVWRHQFU\SWHGPHVVDJHV5XVVLDDOVR
DOORZLQJLWWRH[DPLQHWKHFRQWHQWRILQGLYLGXDO EDQQHGPLOOLRQ,3DGGUHVVHVXVHGE\
RQOLQHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVRQDPDVVLYHVFDOH7KH $PD]RQ :HE6HUYLFHVDQG*RRJOH&ORXGWKDW7HOHJUDP
,UDQLDQV\VWHPJRHVEH\RQGPHUHO\SUHYHQWLQJ KDGEHHQXVLQJWRVNLUWWKHEDQ+RZHYHUGHVSLWH
DFFHVVWRVSHFLILFVLWHVVXFKDV*RRJOH7ZLWWHU WKHEDQ7HOHJUDPVWLOOUHPDLQVLQXVHLQ5XVVLD
DQG)DFHERRN7KHJRYHUQPHQWDOVRXVHVGHHS DSSDUHQWO\LQSDUWGXHWRGLIILFXOWLHVLQHIIHFWLYHO\
SDFNHWLQVSHFWLRQWRUHDGPHVVDJHVDOWHUWKHLU LPSOHPHQWLQJWKHEDQ
FRQWHQWVIRUGLVLQIRUPDWLRQSXUSRVHVDQGLGHQWLI\ %XWLWLVQRWMXVWWRWDOLWDULDQQDWLRQVWKDWKDYH
VHGHUVDQGUHFLSLHQWV&RPSXWHUVLQVWDOOHGLQ VRXJKWWRUHJXODWHDQGVXUYHLOWKH ,QWHUQHW%RWK
WKHOLQHEHWZHHQXVHUVDQG,63VRSHQXSHYHU\ (XURSHDQG WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVKDYHDWYDULRXV
GLJLWL]HG SDFNHWLQVSHFWLQJIRU NH\ZRUGV DQG WLPHVDOVRWDNHQVWHSVWRFRQWURODFFHVVWRFHUWDLQ
LPDJHVUHFRQVWUXFWLQJWKHPHVVDJHDQGWKHQ ZHEVLWHV FHQVRUZHE FRQWHQW DQG HQJDJH LQ
VHQGLQJLWRQ,Q,UDQFRPSOHWHGWKHILUVW H[WHQVLYHVXUYHLOODQFHRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQV)RU
VWDJHRIHVWDEOLVKLQJDQLVRODWHGGRPHVWLFYHUVLRQ LQVWDQFH*UHDW%ULWDLQKDVDOLVWRIEORFNHGVLWHV DV
RIWKH,QWHUQHWWKDWLWFDOOV7KH1DWLRQDO,QIRUPD GR *HUPDQ\ )UDQFH DQG $XVWUDOLD (YHQ LQ
WLRQ1HWZRUNRQHWKDWSXUSRUWHGO\LVIDVWHUDQG 6RXWK.RUHDRQH RI WKHZRUOGVPRVWZLUHG
OHVVFRVWO\EXWZKLFKFRQWUROVZKDWXVHUVFDQDQG FRXQWULHVWKHUHDUHUHVWULFWLRQVRQFRQWHQWWKDW
FDQQRWVHHDQGVXEMHFWVLWVXVHUVWRHYHQPRUH LVGHHPHHGVXEYHUVLYHDQGKDUPIXOWRWKHSXEOLF
KHLJKHQHHGVXUYHLOODQFH,QLWODXQFKHGWKH RUGHU7\SLFDOO\WKHVHEORFNHGVLWHVFRQWDLQWUXO\
VHFRQGSKDVH RI WKH1HWZRUNZKLFK FRQVLVWV REMHFWLRQDEOHFRQWHQWVXFKDVFKLOGSRUQRJUDSK\
RI JRYHUQPHQWDSSURYHG VLWHV,Q RU1D]LPHPRUDELOLD
Machine Translated by Google
6285&(6+RZWKH,UDQLDQ*RYHUQPHQW6KXW2IIWKH,QWHUQHWE\/LO\+D\1HZPDQ:LUHGFRP1RYHPEHU&KLQDV*OREDO5HDFK
6XUYHLOODQFHDQG&HQVRUVKLS%H\RQGWKH*UHDW)LUHZDOOE\'DQQ\2%ULHQ(IIRUJ2FWREHU8.+LJK&RXUW5XOHVIRU*RYHUQPHQWLQ,QYHVWLJDWRU\
3RZHUV $FW&DVHE\7LP=XEL]DUUHWD-XULVWRUJ-XO\$SSOH6SHHGV8S&RQVWUXFWLRQRI)LUVW&KLQD'DWD&HQWHUE\;LQKDX*OREDOFKLQDGDLO\FRP
$SULO2XWODZHG$SS7HOHJUDP(PHUJHVDV.H\7RROIRU5XVVLDQ3URWHVWHUVE\)UDQFHVFD(EHO'HQYHUSRVWFRP6HSWHPEHU86&RPSD
QLHV+HOS&HQVRUWKH,QWHUQHWLQ&KLQD7RRE\7RP6LPRQLWH :LUHGFRP-XQH%HLMLQJ:DQWVWR5HZULWHWKH5XOHVRIWKH,QWHUQHWE\6DPP6DFNV
7KH$WODQWLF-XQH5XVVLD%ORFNV0LOOLRQVRI,3$GGUHVVHVLQ%DWWOH$JDLQVW7HOHJUDP$SSE\$QGUHZ5RWK7KH*XDUGLDQ$SULO&KLQD
3UHVVHV,WV,QWHUQHW&HQVRUVKLS(IIRUWV$FURVVWKH*OREHE\3DXO0R] XU1HZ<RUN7LPHV0DUFK5XVVLD7KUHDWHQVWR%ORFN<RX7XEHDQG,QVWDJUDP
$IWHU&RPSODLQWVIURPDQ2OLJDUFKE\0DWWKHZ/X[PRRUH1HZ<RUN7LPHV)HEUXDU\,UDQ'HSOR\V+DODO,QWHUQHWLQ/
DWHVW%LGWR5HLQ,Q&LWL ]HQV:HE)UHHGRPVE\-RQ*DPEUHOO, QGHSHQGHQWFRXN-DQXDU\
$SSOH&DQW5HVLVW3OD\LQJE\&KLQDV5XOHVE\&KHQ*XDQJFKHQJ1HZ<RUN 7LPHV-
DQXDU\7UXPS6LJQV%LOO5HQHZLQJ16$V,QWHUQHW6XUYHLOODQFH3URJUDPE\'XVWLQ9RO]5HXWHUVFRP-
DQXDU\:K\&KLQDV ,QWHUQHW&HQVRUVKLS0RGHO:LOO3UHYDLO2YHU5XVVLDVE\9DOHQWLQ:HEHU&IURUJ'HFHPEHU&KLQDV7HFK*LDQWV+DYHD6HFRQG-
RE+HOSLQJ %HLMLQJ6S\RQ,WV3HRSOHE\/L ]D/LQDQG-RVK&KLQ:DOO6WUHHW-RXUQDO1RYHPEHU0LFURVRIWV6N\SH3XOOHGIURP$SSOH$QGURLG&KLQD$SS
6WRUHV.HLWK%UDGVKHUDQG&DWH&DGHOO5HXWHUVFRP1RYHPEHU)DFHERRN7DNH1RWH,Q&KLQDV1HZ(UDWKH&RPPXQLVW3DUW\&RPHV)LUVW E\ /
L<XDQ:DOO 6WUHHW-RXUQDO1RYHPEHU&KLQD %ORFNV:KDWV$SS %URDGHQLQJ2QOLQH &HQVRUVKLS1HZ <RUN 7LPHV6HSWHPEHU
&KLQDV,QWHUQHW&HQVRUV3OD\D7RXJKHU*DPHRI&DWDQG0RXVHE\3DXO0R]XU1HZ<RUN7LPHV$XJXVW5XVVLD931%DQ:KDW7HFK3URVDQG
%XVLQHVV7UDYHOHUV1HHGWR.QRZE\&RQQHU)RUUHVW7HFKUHSXEOLFFRP-XO\&KLQDV6WRSFKDW&HQVRUV&DQ6WRS,PDJHV0LG7UDQVPLVVLRQE\
(YD'RX:DOO6WUHHW-RXUQDO-XO \$IWHU7HUURU$WWDFNV%ULWDLQ0RYHVWR3ROLFHWKH:HEE\0DUN6FRWW1HZ<RUN7LPHV-XQH&KLQDV
1HZ&\EHUVHFXULW\/DZ7DNHV(IIHFW7RGD\DQG0DQ\$UH&RQIXVHGE\6RSKLD<DQ&QEFFRP-XQH$1HZ(UDRI0DVV6XUYHLOODQFH,V(PHUJLQJ $FURVV(XURSHE\$VDI/ X ELQ-XVWVHFXULW\RU