TP Lesson 3

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DR PHY: 0719988370

Thermal Properties of Materials

Lesson 3: Mixtures

• If two substances A and B at different temperatures are mixed, Substance at a higher


temperature will lose energy while substance at a lower temperature will gain energy until
the two substances are at the same temperature ( thermal equilibrium)
• Provided there are no energy loses to the environment or the container then
Q lost by substance A = Q gained by substance B
if there are energy loses to the container then
Q lost by substance A = Q gained by substance B + Q gained by the container
• For example, if you drop an ice in a cup of drink, The ice will start to melt because it is
gaining energy from the drink, at the same time the drink will start to cool because it is
losing energy to the ice.
Q lost by the drink = Q gained by the ice
(mc∆𝜃)d = (mc∆𝜃)i

Qn1: 3kg of water at a temperature of 450C is mixed with 1.5kg alcohol at 200C. Find the
final temperature of the mixture.
Specific heat capacity of water =4200J/kg0C
Specific heat capacity of alcohol =2400J/kg0C
Sln1: water m = 3kg initial Temp = 45oC alcohol m =1.5kg Temp = 20oC
Since water is at a higher temperature, it will lose energy and the alcohol will gain
energy until the final temperature is Tf
N.B Tf must be greater than 20 and less than 45
Q lost by water = Q gained by alcohol
(mc∆𝜃)w = (mc∆𝜃)a
3×4200×(45 – Tf) = 1.5 × 2400×(Tf – 20)
12600 ×(45 – Tf) = 3600 ×(Tf – 20) divide both sides by 3600
3.5 ×(45 – Tf) = (Tf – 20)
157.5 – 3.5Tf = Tf – 20
4.5Tf = 177.5
Tf = 39.4oC
Exercise
1. A cup of tea contains 200g of water at a temperature of 358K. Milk at a temperature
of 277.5K is added to the tea and the final temperature of the mixture is 347K.
Calculate the mass of milk added to the tea
specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/kgK
specific heat capacity of milk = 3900J/kgK
2. A 0.25kg sample of an alloy is heated to 500oC. It is then quickly placed in 300g of
water at 12oC which is contained in a 250g aluminium calorimeter. The final
temperature of the mixture is 30oC. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the alloy
specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/kgK
specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900J/kgK

@ LN-training the mind to think

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