IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

WORKSHEET

1. Which is/are correct statement ?

(A) pH of 10–10 M HCl(aq) and 10–10 M CH3COOH are nearly same.
(B) Degree of ionisation of H2O in 10–8 M HCl(aq) is 1.71 × 10–9.
(C) Degree of ionisation of 0.1 M CH3COOH(aq) is 10–2 (Ka, CH3COOH = 10–5).
(D) Ka(HCOOH) × Kb(NH3) = Kw
ANS. (ABC)
Sol. (A) Both solutions are very dilute, hence pH from both acids are nearly same.
(B) Kw = (10–8 + x)x
x2 + 10–8x – 10–14 = 0

–10 –8  (10 –8 )2  4  10 –14 –10 –8  10 –7 (4.01)1/2 2  10 –7 – 10 –8

x=  
2 2 2

100018 10–7 (2 – 10 –1 ) 1.9  10 –7

×=  ,  = 1.71 × 10–9
2 2

 Ka 
(C) Ka = 2C Q  2.5  10 –3 
 C 

Ka 10 –5
=  = 10–2
C 0.1

(D) Ka(HCOOH) × Kb(HCOO–) = Kw

2. Select correct statement(s) among the following statement ? [Given : T = 25ºC ]

(A) Degree of ionisation of 0.1 M NH4OH (aq) is 10–2 (Kb, NH4OH = 10–5)
(B) Percentage ionisation of water in 10–8 M HNO3 (aq) is 1.71 × 10–7
(C) Ka(CH3COOH) × kb (NH4OH) = Kw
(D) If 10–2 M NaOH(aq) solution is diluted to 100 times, then pOH of resulting solution is 4.
ANS. (ABD)

5 2
Sol. (A) 10  ,   10 2
1 
(B) HNO3(aq)  H+(aq) + NO3–(aq)
10–8 + x 10–8
H2O  H+(q) + OH– (aq)
(10–8 + x) x
10–14 =x (10–8 + x)
x2 = 10–8 x– 10–14 =0

10 8  (10 8 )2  4  10 14 1000 10 7  2  10 8

x ,  
2 18 2

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 10 8  (10 8 )2  4  10 14 1000 10 7  2  10 8
x ,  
2 18 2

9
 [10 7  1.9] = 17.1 × 10–10 ; % ionisation of water = 1.71 × 10–9 × 100 = 1.71 × 10–7
1000

(C) k CH3COOH  kNH3  k w

(D) [OH–]new = 10–4 , pOH = 4

3. For the reaction A(g) 3B(g)

Following observation is made at 300K.

P(bar)
2

1
20 40
Time(min)

Select the correct statement(s)

(A) (rG°) at 20 min = – Ve (B) (rG) at 40 min = 0
(C) (rG) at 20 min = – Ve (D) (rG°) at 20 min = 0
ANS. (ABC)
Sol. A(g) 3B(g)
t=0 2 –
t = 20 2–x 3x , 2 – x = 3x

3 3 1
=  x=
2 2 2

 23 
 r G  RTlnK  RTln     ve
 1

 3 3 
  
 Q  2 1  32 
At 20 min. rG  RT ln    RTln   3   RT ln  5    Ve
K   3 2  2 
   
 2 

4. Which of the following equations must be used for exact calculation of [OH–] of an aqueous NaOH solution
at any concentration [NaOH] ? [Given : Kw = 10–14 M2]
(A) [OH–] = [NaOH] (B) [OH–) = [NaOH] + Kw

Kw Kw
(C) [OH–] = [NaOH] +  (D) [OH–] = [NaOH] –
[OH ] [OH ]

ANS. (C)
Sol. Total [OH–] = [OH–]from NaOH + [H+]
KW = [H+][OH–]T
NaOH(aq)  Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
H2O() H+(aq) + OH–
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5. What will be the pH of solutions made by mixing of equal volume of 0.2 M NH3 (aq.) and 0.02 M RNH2 (aq.).
Given Kb (NH3) = 2 × 10–5, Kb(RNH2) = 2 × 10–4. (log2 = 0.3)
(A) 2.7 (B) 3 (C) 11.3 (D) 11.45
ANS. (C)

Sol. OH   K b1 C1  K b2 C2  K w

[OH–] = 2 × 10–3
pOH = 2.7
pH = 11.3

6. Which is/are correct statement about water ?

(A) Percentage degree of dissociation of water is 1.8 × 10–7 at 25ºC.
(B) pH of water at 90ºC is less than 7.
(C) Auto protolysis constant of water is 10–14 at 25ºC.
(D) For basic solution pOH > pH.
ANS. (ABC)
–
Sol. H2O() H+(aq.) + OH (aq.)
C
C–CC C
 Auto protolysis constant or Kw = 10–14 at 25ºC
[H+(aq.)] = C
 For pure water at 25ºC [H+(aq.)] = 10–7
C = 10–7

10 –7 10 –7
= 
C  1000 
 18 
 
 = 1.8 × 10–9
%  = 1.8 × 10–7
 As T ; Kw ; [H+(aq.)] of water  ; pH
–
 For basic solution [H+(aq.)] < [OH (aq.)]
Therefore pH > pOH

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7. N2H4 is a weak base, ( K b1  3.0  10 5 and K b 2  6.0  10 12 ). Which of the following is / are correct
equilibrium concentrations of the given species, in 0.3 M N2H4 solution?
(A) [H+] = 3.33 × 10–12 M (B) [N2H5+] = 3.0 × 10–3
2+
(C) [N2H6 ] = 6.0 × 10 M–12 (D) [OH¯] = 6.0 × 10–12 M
ANS. (ABC)
[Sol. N2H4 + H2O l N2H5+ + OH¯
0.3 – –
0.3 – x x  x (because K b1  K b 2 )
x+y ~

N2H5+ + H2O l N2H62+ + OH¯

x – – –
x–y y y+x ~  x
~
 x
[OH¯] from second step can be neglected because K b1  K b 2
xx
Hence K b1 = 3 × 10–5 = neglecting x w.r.t. 0.3
0.3  x
x = 3 × 10–3 M
Hence [N2H5+] = [OH¯] = 3 × 10–3
1014
[H+] = = 3.33 × 10–12 M
3 10 3
yx
And K b2 =  y = 6 × 10–12
x
[N2H62+] = 6 × 10–12 M
Ans (A), (B), (C) ]

8. A solution is prepared by mixing 100 ml of 0.5 M hydrazoic acid (HN3) , with 400 ml of 0.25 M
cyanic acid (HOCN) at 25°C. [Given : Ka of HOCN is 5 × 10–6 , Ka of HN3 is 10–5]
Which of the following is/are true?

1
(A) [H+] = –3
2 × 10 M (B) [N3–] =  103 M
2

1 1
(C) [OCN–] =  103 M (D) [OH–] = 1011 M
2 2
ANS. (ABCD)

M1V1 0.5 100

Sol. [N3H]final = V  V = = 0.1
1 2 500
M 2 V2 0.25 400 1
[HOCN]= V  V = = = 0.2
1 2 500 5
N3H l H + + N3 –

x ( x  y)
0.1–x x+y x Ka =
0. 1  x
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 HOCN H+ + O–CN
0.2–y x+y y x (x + y) = 10–6 ....(1)
y( x  y)
K 'a 
0.2  y
y(x+y) = 0.2 × 5 × 10–6
y(x + y) = 10–6 ....(2)
by (1) + (2)
(x + y)2 = 2 × 10–6
[H+] = x+y = 2 × 10
–3

0.1K a 10 6 1
[N3–] =x= = 3 = × 10–3
xy 2  10 2

0.2K 'a 0.2  10 6 1

[OCN–] = y = = 3 =
 10 3
xy 2  10 2

KW 10 14 1
[OH–] = 
 3
  10 11
[H ] 2 10 2

9. Which of the following solutions when added to 1L of a 0.1M CH3COOH solution will cause no change
in either degree of dissociation of CH3COOH or the pH of the solution
(Ka for CH3COOH = 10–5)
(A) 1 milli Molar HCl (B) 0.1M CH3 COOH
(C) 0.1M CH3COONa (D) 2M HA (Ka = 5 × 10–7)
ANS. (ABD)
Sol. CH3COOH (aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO¯ (aq)
x2
C–x x x Ka =
Cx
 Ka 3 
x  CK a  C  10  C  x  C
 
[H ] = 10 or pH = 3
+ –3

(A) HCl  H+ + Cl¯

t = 0 10–3 M 0 0
t=t 0 10–3 10–3
(B) 0.1 M CH3COOH will have pH =3 as calculated above
Kw
(C) CH3COO¯ + H2O CH3COOH + OH¯ Kh = K
a
0.1 – x x x
1014 x 2
Kh =   x = 10–5
105 1
pH = 9

Page # 5
 x2
(D) HA (aq) H+ (aq) + A¯(aq) Ka = 5 × 10–7 =
2
C–x x x
[H+] = x = 10–3
So A,B and D will have same pH = 3 & will not cause any change.]

10. The concentration of Ag+ is X × 10–13 in a solution which was originally 0.1 M KCN and 0.03 M AgNO3.
2
Calculate the value of X.
3
[Given : K dissociation (Ag(CN)2– ) = 4 × 10–14]

Ans. (5)

–
1
Sol. Ag+ + 2CN Ag(CN)2– Kf = K
diss

0.03 0.1
LR
x 0.04 0.03

[Ag(CN)2– ]
Kf =
[Ag ](CN– )2

1 0.03
–14

4  10 x(0.04)2

0.03  4  10 –14 30
x=  × 10–13
0.04  0.04 4
2 2  30
x= × 10–13 = 5
3 34

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